The spatial scale dependency of elevational patterns of taxonomic and functional diversity in aquatic insects in the Lancang River, Yunnan, China

doi:10.17520/biods.2019359

Abstract

Abstract:

Elevational patterns of taxonomic and functional diversity are important aspects of biodiversity maintenance and changes. However, the spatial scale dependency of elevational patterns on taxonomic and functional diversity of aquatic insect assemblages remains unclear. Using data collected from 149 stream sites along elevational gradients ranging between 500-3,900 m during 2013-2018 in the upper basin of Lancang River in Yunnan Province, China, we examined how elevational patterns of taxonomic and functional diversity of aquatic insect assemblages differed across local and regional scales among multiple elevational bands (i.e., 100, 150, 200, and 250 m). We used linear or quadratic regression models to explore the elevational patterns of taxonomic richness index, Simpson diversity index, evenness index, dendrogram- based functional diversity index (dbFD), Rao’s Quadratic index (RaoQ), and functional evenness index (FEve). At the local scale, taxonomic richness index and dbFD index show no significant elevational patterns; while Simpson diversity index, RaoQ index, evenness index, and FEve index show either U-shaped or monotonically decreasing trends along elevation gradients. At the regional scale with increasing elevation, taxonomic richness index decreases (NS) while dbFD index changes from U-shaped to a monotonically decreasing trend along the elevational gradient. Both Simpson diversity index and RaoQ index change from a significant U-shaped to no significant regional elevational patterns. Taxonomic evenness index and FEve index have no significant relationship with and significantly increased with regional elevations, respectively. Our results show that aquatic insect taxonomic and functional diversity are scale dependent across elevations. However, we observed a degree of consistency in elevational patterns for each taxonomic and functional diversity index across elevational bands at regional scales.

Key words: biodiversity, functional traits, elevation gradients, local scale, regional scale, stream, biogeography

Huiyu Wei,Kai Chen,Beixin Wang. The spatial scale dependency of elevational patterns of taxonomic and functional diversity in aquatic insects in the Lancang River, Yunnan, China[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2020, 28(4): 504-514.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2019359

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2020/V28/I4/504

Figures/Tables 5

References 67

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环境变量 Environmental variables	2级 Second order		3级 Third order		4级 Fourth order
环境变量 Environmental variables	平均值 ± 标准差 Mean ± SD	范围 Range	平均值 ± 标准差 Mean ± SD	范围 Range	平均值 ± 标准差 Mean ± SD	范围 Range
海拔 Elevation (m)	1,392 ± 719	528-3,146	1,451 ± 721	502-3,935	1,311 ± 569	595-2,899
水温 Water temperature (℃)^*	15.46 ± 4.69	1.10-26.10	16.63 ± 5.05	6.80-28.00	19.33 ± 4.30	10.30-26.00
泥沙含量百分比 Percent of sand (%)	8.61 ± 16.20	0.00-100.00	7.62 ± 10.79	0.00-60.00	14.09 ± 16.69	0.00-70.00
碎石含量百分比 Percent of gravel (%)	32.49 ± 24.41	0.00-100.00	30.15 ± 20.38	5.08-87.93	36.71 ± 18.25	2.78-85.00
鹅卵石含量百分比 Percent of cobbles (%)	42.82 ± 21.40	0.00-81.82	45.52 ± 17.98	0.00-72.37	39.10 ± 19.30	0.00-68.06
大石块含量百分比 Percent of boulders (%)	16.08 ± 14.53	0.00-55.00	16.71 ± 14.25	0.00-60.00	10.10 ± 11.17	0.00-45.71
农业用地占比 Percent of agricultural land (%)	1.61 ± 4.73	0.00-32.01	0.91 ± 1.51	0.00-8.44	3.11 ± 3.49	0.02-15.90
森林用地占比 Percent of forest land (%)	82.32 ± 17.73	21.58-100.00	85.89 ± 12.33	41.38-100.00	83.77 ± 11.27	54.20-96.86

环境变量 Environmental variables	2级 Second order		3级 Third order		4级 Fourth order
环境变量 Environmental variables	平均值 ± 标准差 Mean ± SD	范围 Range	平均值 ± 标准差 Mean ± SD	范围 Range	平均值 ± 标准差 Mean ± SD	范围 Range
海拔 Elevation (m)	1,392 ± 719	528-3,146	1,451 ± 721	502-3,935	1,311 ± 569	595-2,899
水温 Water temperature (℃)^*	15.46 ± 4.69	1.10-26.10	16.63 ± 5.05	6.80-28.00	19.33 ± 4.30	10.30-26.00
泥沙含量百分比 Percent of sand (%)	8.61 ± 16.20	0.00-100.00	7.62 ± 10.79	0.00-60.00	14.09 ± 16.69	0.00-70.00
碎石含量百分比 Percent of gravel (%)	32.49 ± 24.41	0.00-100.00	30.15 ± 20.38	5.08-87.93	36.71 ± 18.25	2.78-85.00
鹅卵石含量百分比 Percent of cobbles (%)	42.82 ± 21.40	0.00-81.82	45.52 ± 17.98	0.00-72.37	39.10 ± 19.30	0.00-68.06
大石块含量百分比 Percent of boulders (%)	16.08 ± 14.53	0.00-55.00	16.71 ± 14.25	0.00-60.00	10.10 ± 11.17	0.00-45.71
农业用地占比 Percent of agricultural land (%)	1.61 ± 4.73	0.00-32.01	0.91 ± 1.51	0.00-8.44	3.11 ± 3.49	0.02-15.90
森林用地占比 Percent of forest land (%)	82.32 ± 17.73	21.58-100.00	85.89 ± 12.33	41.38-100.00	83.77 ± 11.27	54.20-96.86

性状类别 Trait state	赋值 Score
外骨骼保护状况 Exoskeleton or external protection
虫体柔软 Soft-bodied forms	1
轻微骨化 Lightly sclerotized	2
骨化良好 Heavily sclerotized	3
体型 Body shape
流线型 Streamlined	1
非流线型 Not streamlined	2
呼吸方式 Respiration
体壁呼吸 Tegument	1
鳃呼吸 Gills	2
气氧呼吸(呼吸管、气泡、气盾) Air (spiracles, tracheae, plastrons)	3
营养习性 Trophic habit
集食者 Collector-gatherer	1
滤食者 Collector-filterer	2
刮食者 Scraper	3
捕食者 Predator	4
撕食者 Shredder	5
亲流性 Rheophily
沉积型 Only depositional	1
沉积型和冲刷型 Depositional and erosional	2
冲刷型 Erosional	3
生活习性 Habit
掘穴者 Burrowers	1
攀爬者 Climbers	2
匍匐者 Sprawlers	3
附着者 Clingers	4
游泳者 Swimmers	5
滑行者 Skaters	6
个体大小 Body size
小 Small (< 9 mm)	1
中等 Medium (9-16 mm)	2
大 Large (> 16 mm)	3

性状类别 Trait state	赋值 Score
外骨骼保护状况 Exoskeleton or external protection
虫体柔软 Soft-bodied forms	1
轻微骨化 Lightly sclerotized	2
骨化良好 Heavily sclerotized	3
体型 Body shape
流线型 Streamlined	1
非流线型 Not streamlined	2
呼吸方式 Respiration
体壁呼吸 Tegument	1
鳃呼吸 Gills	2
气氧呼吸(呼吸管、气泡、气盾) Air (spiracles, tracheae, plastrons)	3
营养习性 Trophic habit
集食者 Collector-gatherer	1
滤食者 Collector-filterer	2
刮食者 Scraper	3
捕食者 Predator	4
撕食者 Shredder	5
亲流性 Rheophily
沉积型 Only depositional	1
沉积型和冲刷型 Depositional and erosional	2
冲刷型 Erosional	3
生活习性 Habit
掘穴者 Burrowers	1
攀爬者 Climbers	2
匍匐者 Sprawlers	3
附着者 Clingers	4
游泳者 Swimmers	5
滑行者 Skaters	6
个体大小 Body size
小 Small (< 9 mm)	1
中等 Medium (9-16 mm)	2
大 Large (> 16 mm)	3

空间尺度 Spatial scale	多样性指数 Diversity index	线性模型 Linear model (L)			二次回归模型 Quadratic model (Q)			选择模型 Model selection
空间尺度 Spatial scale	多样性指数 Diversity index	解释量 Adjusted R2	P	赤池系数 AICc	解释量 Adjusted R2	P	赤池系数 AICc	选择模型 Model selection
局部尺度 Local scale
	物种丰富度指数 Species richness index	<0.001	0.418	1,218.2	0.01	0.166	1,217.2	NS
	Simpson多样性指数 Simpson diversity index	0.04	0.010	-136.6	0.05	0.001	-137.4	Q
	物种均匀度指数 Species evenness index	0.06	0.001	-152.6	0.07	0.002	-152.0	L
	树状图功能多样性指数 Dendrogram-based functional diversity index (dbFD)	<0.001	0.633	364.0	<0.001	0.477	364.7	NS
	Rao二次熵指数 Rao’s Quadratic index (RaoQ)	0.02	0.057	-516.4	0.02	0.074	-516.0	L
	功能均匀度指数 Functional evenness index (FEve)	0.01	0.079	-284.8	0.01	0.136	-283.7	L
区域尺度 Regional scale
100 m	物种丰富度指数 Species richness index	<0.001	0.68	218.7	<0.001	0.50	219.3	NS
	Simpson多样性指数 Simpson diversity index	0.20	0.015	-56.6	0.28	0.011	-58.3	Q
	物种均匀度指数 Species evenness index	<0.001	0.450	-53.2	0.01	0.355	-52.9	NS
	树状图功能多样性指数 Dendrogram-based functional diversity index (dbFD)	0.52	<0.001	70.6	0.57	<0.001	68.7	Q
	Rao二次熵指数 Rao’s Quadratic index (RaoQ)	0.10	0.064	-120.5	0.24	0.020	-123.6	Q
	功能均匀度指数 Functional evenness index (FEve)	0.19	0.017	-73.6	0.17	0.048	-72.2	L
150 m	物种丰富度指数 Species richness index	<0.001	0.33	143.4	<0.001	0.53	145.0	NS
	Simpson多样性指数 Simpson diversity index	0.10	0.116	-35.9	0.29	0.035	-39.1	Q
	物种均匀度指数 Species evenness index	<0.001	0.512	-40.0	0.16	0.112	-42.8	NS
	树状图功能多样性指数 Dendrogram-based functional diversity index (dbFD)	0.76	<0.001	27.9	0.82	<0.001	23.8	Q
	Rao二次熵指数 Rao’s Quadratic index (RaoQ)	<0.001	0.351	-82.0	0.20	0.081	-85.1	Q
	功能均匀度指数 Functional evenness index (FEve)	0.18	0.052	-55.2	0.12	0.153	-53.2	L
200 m	物种丰富度指数 Species richness index	<0.001	0.77	116.1	<0.001	0.92	118.0	NS
	Simpson多样性指数 Simpson diversity index	0.22	0.059	-27.8	0.34	0.051	-29.1	Q
	物种均匀度指数 Species evenness index	0.02	0.285	-30.2	0.14	0.191	-31.1	NS
	树状图功能多样性指数 Dendrogram-based functional diversity index (dbFD)	0.75	<0.001	26.4	0.80	<0.001	24.2	Q
	Rao二次熵指数 Rao’s Quadratic index (RaoQ)	0.06	0.208	-62.9	0.22	0.114	-64.5	NS
	功能均匀度指数 Functional evenness index (FEve)	0.31	0.027	-42.4	0.25	0.099	-40.4	L
250 m	物种丰富度指数 Species richness index	<0.001	0.66	86.4	<0.001	0.91	88.4	NS
	Simpson多样性指数 Simpson diversity index	<0.001	0.455	-18.0	0.07	0.311	-18.5	NS
	物种均匀度指数 Species evenness index	<0.001	0.964	-21.1	0.02	0.381	-21.7	NS
	树状图功能多样性指数 Dendrogram-based functional diversity index (dbFD)	0.82	<0.001	20.1	0.82	<0.001	20.6	L
	Rao二次熵指数 Rao’s Quadratic index (RaoQ)	<0.001	0.773	-49.9	0.04	0.351	-50.7	NS
	功能均匀度指数 Functional evenness index (FEve)	0.26	0.062	-35.8	0.19	0.181	-33.9	L