Biodiv Sci ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (4): 504-514. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019359
• Original Papers: Animal Diversity • Previous Articles Next Articles
Huiyu Wei,Kai Chen(),Beixin Wang
Received:
2019-11-08
Accepted:
2020-02-10
Online:
2020-04-20
Published:
2020-06-15
Contact:
Kai Chen
Huiyu Wei,Kai Chen,Beixin Wang. The spatial scale dependency of elevational patterns of taxonomic and functional diversity in aquatic insects in the Lancang River, Yunnan, China[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2020, 28(4): 504-514.
环境变量 Environmental variables | 2级 Second order | 3级 Third order | 4级 Fourth order | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
平均值 ± 标准差 Mean ± SD | 范围 Range | 平均值 ± 标准差 Mean ± SD | 范围 Range | 平均值 ± 标准差 Mean ± SD | 范围 Range | |
海拔 Elevation (m) | 1,392 ± 719 | 528-3,146 | 1,451 ± 721 | 502-3,935 | 1,311 ± 569 | 595-2,899 |
水温 Water temperature (℃)* | 15.46 ± 4.69 | 1.10-26.10 | 16.63 ± 5.05 | 6.80-28.00 | 19.33 ± 4.30 | 10.30-26.00 |
泥沙含量百分比 Percent of sand (%) | 8.61 ± 16.20 | 0.00-100.00 | 7.62 ± 10.79 | 0.00-60.00 | 14.09 ± 16.69 | 0.00-70.00 |
碎石含量百分比 Percent of gravel (%) | 32.49 ± 24.41 | 0.00-100.00 | 30.15 ± 20.38 | 5.08-87.93 | 36.71 ± 18.25 | 2.78-85.00 |
鹅卵石含量百分比 Percent of cobbles (%) | 42.82 ± 21.40 | 0.00-81.82 | 45.52 ± 17.98 | 0.00-72.37 | 39.10 ± 19.30 | 0.00-68.06 |
大石块含量百分比 Percent of boulders (%) | 16.08 ± 14.53 | 0.00-55.00 | 16.71 ± 14.25 | 0.00-60.00 | 10.10 ± 11.17 | 0.00-45.71 |
农业用地占比 Percent of agricultural land (%) | 1.61 ± 4.73 | 0.00-32.01 | 0.91 ± 1.51 | 0.00-8.44 | 3.11 ± 3.49 | 0.02-15.90 |
森林用地占比 Percent of forest land (%) | 82.32 ± 17.73 | 21.58-100.00 | 85.89 ± 12.33 | 41.38-100.00 | 83.77 ± 11.27 | 54.20-96.86 |
Table 1 Summary of environmental variables across sampling sites collected from second-, third-, and fourth-order streams
环境变量 Environmental variables | 2级 Second order | 3级 Third order | 4级 Fourth order | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
平均值 ± 标准差 Mean ± SD | 范围 Range | 平均值 ± 标准差 Mean ± SD | 范围 Range | 平均值 ± 标准差 Mean ± SD | 范围 Range | |
海拔 Elevation (m) | 1,392 ± 719 | 528-3,146 | 1,451 ± 721 | 502-3,935 | 1,311 ± 569 | 595-2,899 |
水温 Water temperature (℃)* | 15.46 ± 4.69 | 1.10-26.10 | 16.63 ± 5.05 | 6.80-28.00 | 19.33 ± 4.30 | 10.30-26.00 |
泥沙含量百分比 Percent of sand (%) | 8.61 ± 16.20 | 0.00-100.00 | 7.62 ± 10.79 | 0.00-60.00 | 14.09 ± 16.69 | 0.00-70.00 |
碎石含量百分比 Percent of gravel (%) | 32.49 ± 24.41 | 0.00-100.00 | 30.15 ± 20.38 | 5.08-87.93 | 36.71 ± 18.25 | 2.78-85.00 |
鹅卵石含量百分比 Percent of cobbles (%) | 42.82 ± 21.40 | 0.00-81.82 | 45.52 ± 17.98 | 0.00-72.37 | 39.10 ± 19.30 | 0.00-68.06 |
大石块含量百分比 Percent of boulders (%) | 16.08 ± 14.53 | 0.00-55.00 | 16.71 ± 14.25 | 0.00-60.00 | 10.10 ± 11.17 | 0.00-45.71 |
农业用地占比 Percent of agricultural land (%) | 1.61 ± 4.73 | 0.00-32.01 | 0.91 ± 1.51 | 0.00-8.44 | 3.11 ± 3.49 | 0.02-15.90 |
森林用地占比 Percent of forest land (%) | 82.32 ± 17.73 | 21.58-100.00 | 85.89 ± 12.33 | 41.38-100.00 | 83.77 ± 11.27 | 54.20-96.86 |
性状类别 Trait state | 赋值 Score |
---|---|
外骨骼保护状况 Exoskeleton or external protection | |
虫体柔软 Soft-bodied forms | 1 |
轻微骨化 Lightly sclerotized | 2 |
骨化良好 Heavily sclerotized | 3 |
体型 Body shape | |
流线型 Streamlined | 1 |
非流线型 Not streamlined | 2 |
呼吸方式 Respiration | |
体壁呼吸 Tegument | 1 |
鳃呼吸 Gills | 2 |
气氧呼吸(呼吸管、气泡、气盾) Air (spiracles, tracheae, plastrons) | 3 |
营养习性 Trophic habit | |
集食者 Collector-gatherer | 1 |
滤食者 Collector-filterer | 2 |
刮食者 Scraper | 3 |
捕食者 Predator | 4 |
撕食者 Shredder | 5 |
亲流性 Rheophily | |
沉积型 Only depositional | 1 |
沉积型和冲刷型 Depositional and erosional | 2 |
冲刷型 Erosional | 3 |
生活习性 Habit | |
掘穴者 Burrowers | 1 |
攀爬者 Climbers | 2 |
匍匐者 Sprawlers | 3 |
附着者 Clingers | 4 |
游泳者 Swimmers | 5 |
滑行者 Skaters | 6 |
个体大小 Body size | |
小 Small (< 9 mm) | 1 |
中等 Medium (9-16 mm) | 2 |
大 Large (> 16 mm) | 3 |
Table 2 Functional trait states and scores of aquatic insects
性状类别 Trait state | 赋值 Score |
---|---|
外骨骼保护状况 Exoskeleton or external protection | |
虫体柔软 Soft-bodied forms | 1 |
轻微骨化 Lightly sclerotized | 2 |
骨化良好 Heavily sclerotized | 3 |
体型 Body shape | |
流线型 Streamlined | 1 |
非流线型 Not streamlined | 2 |
呼吸方式 Respiration | |
体壁呼吸 Tegument | 1 |
鳃呼吸 Gills | 2 |
气氧呼吸(呼吸管、气泡、气盾) Air (spiracles, tracheae, plastrons) | 3 |
营养习性 Trophic habit | |
集食者 Collector-gatherer | 1 |
滤食者 Collector-filterer | 2 |
刮食者 Scraper | 3 |
捕食者 Predator | 4 |
撕食者 Shredder | 5 |
亲流性 Rheophily | |
沉积型 Only depositional | 1 |
沉积型和冲刷型 Depositional and erosional | 2 |
冲刷型 Erosional | 3 |
生活习性 Habit | |
掘穴者 Burrowers | 1 |
攀爬者 Climbers | 2 |
匍匐者 Sprawlers | 3 |
附着者 Clingers | 4 |
游泳者 Swimmers | 5 |
滑行者 Skaters | 6 |
个体大小 Body size | |
小 Small (< 9 mm) | 1 |
中等 Medium (9-16 mm) | 2 |
大 Large (> 16 mm) | 3 |
空间尺度 Spatial scale | 多样性指数 Diversity index | 线性模型 Linear model (L) | 二次回归模型 Quadratic model (Q) | 选择模型 Model selection | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
解释量 Adjusted R2 | P | 赤池系数 AICc | 解释量 Adjusted R2 | P | 赤池系数 AICc | |||
局部尺度 Local scale | ||||||||
物种丰富度指数 Species richness index | <0.001 | 0.418 | 1,218.2 | 0.01 | 0.166 | 1,217.2 | NS | |
Simpson多样性指数 Simpson diversity index | 0.04 | 0.010 | -136.6 | 0.05 | 0.001 | -137.4 | Q | |
物种均匀度指数 Species evenness index | 0.06 | 0.001 | -152.6 | 0.07 | 0.002 | -152.0 | L | |
树状图功能多样性指数 Dendrogram-based functional diversity index (dbFD) | <0.001 | 0.633 | 364.0 | <0.001 | 0.477 | 364.7 | NS | |
Rao二次熵指数 Rao’s Quadratic index (RaoQ) | 0.02 | 0.057 | -516.4 | 0.02 | 0.074 | -516.0 | L | |
功能均匀度指数 Functional evenness index (FEve) | 0.01 | 0.079 | -284.8 | 0.01 | 0.136 | -283.7 | L | |
区域尺度 Regional scale | ||||||||
100 m | 物种丰富度指数 Species richness index | <0.001 | 0.68 | 218.7 | <0.001 | 0.50 | 219.3 | NS |
Simpson多样性指数 Simpson diversity index | 0.20 | 0.015 | -56.6 | 0.28 | 0.011 | -58.3 | Q | |
物种均匀度指数 Species evenness index | <0.001 | 0.450 | -53.2 | 0.01 | 0.355 | -52.9 | NS | |
树状图功能多样性指数 Dendrogram-based functional diversity index (dbFD) | 0.52 | <0.001 | 70.6 | 0.57 | <0.001 | 68.7 | Q | |
Rao二次熵指数 Rao’s Quadratic index (RaoQ) | 0.10 | 0.064 | -120.5 | 0.24 | 0.020 | -123.6 | Q | |
功能均匀度指数 Functional evenness index (FEve) | 0.19 | 0.017 | -73.6 | 0.17 | 0.048 | -72.2 | L | |
150 m | 物种丰富度指数 Species richness index | <0.001 | 0.33 | 143.4 | <0.001 | 0.53 | 145.0 | NS |
Simpson多样性指数 Simpson diversity index | 0.10 | 0.116 | -35.9 | 0.29 | 0.035 | -39.1 | Q | |
物种均匀度指数 Species evenness index | <0.001 | 0.512 | -40.0 | 0.16 | 0.112 | -42.8 | NS | |
树状图功能多样性指数 Dendrogram-based functional diversity index (dbFD) | 0.76 | <0.001 | 27.9 | 0.82 | <0.001 | 23.8 | Q | |
Rao二次熵指数 Rao’s Quadratic index (RaoQ) | <0.001 | 0.351 | -82.0 | 0.20 | 0.081 | -85.1 | Q | |
功能均匀度指数 Functional evenness index (FEve) | 0.18 | 0.052 | -55.2 | 0.12 | 0.153 | -53.2 | L | |
200 m | 物种丰富度指数 Species richness index | <0.001 | 0.77 | 116.1 | <0.001 | 0.92 | 118.0 | NS |
Simpson多样性指数 Simpson diversity index | 0.22 | 0.059 | -27.8 | 0.34 | 0.051 | -29.1 | Q | |
物种均匀度指数 Species evenness index | 0.02 | 0.285 | -30.2 | 0.14 | 0.191 | -31.1 | NS | |
树状图功能多样性指数 Dendrogram-based functional diversity index (dbFD) | 0.75 | <0.001 | 26.4 | 0.80 | <0.001 | 24.2 | Q | |
Rao二次熵指数 Rao’s Quadratic index (RaoQ) | 0.06 | 0.208 | -62.9 | 0.22 | 0.114 | -64.5 | NS | |
功能均匀度指数 Functional evenness index (FEve) | 0.31 | 0.027 | -42.4 | 0.25 | 0.099 | -40.4 | L | |
250 m | 物种丰富度指数 Species richness index | <0.001 | 0.66 | 86.4 | <0.001 | 0.91 | 88.4 | NS |
Simpson多样性指数 Simpson diversity index | <0.001 | 0.455 | -18.0 | 0.07 | 0.311 | -18.5 | NS | |
物种均匀度指数 Species evenness index | <0.001 | 0.964 | -21.1 | 0.02 | 0.381 | -21.7 | NS | |
树状图功能多样性指数 Dendrogram-based functional diversity index (dbFD) | 0.82 | <0.001 | 20.1 | 0.82 | <0.001 | 20.6 | L | |
Rao二次熵指数 Rao’s Quadratic index (RaoQ) | <0.001 | 0.773 | -49.9 | 0.04 | 0.351 | -50.7 | NS | |
功能均匀度指数 Functional evenness index (FEve) | 0.26 | 0.062 | -35.8 | 0.19 | 0.181 | -33.9 | L |
Table 3 Linear and quadratic model fitting relationships of diversity indices and elevation at different spatial scales
空间尺度 Spatial scale | 多样性指数 Diversity index | 线性模型 Linear model (L) | 二次回归模型 Quadratic model (Q) | 选择模型 Model selection | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
解释量 Adjusted R2 | P | 赤池系数 AICc | 解释量 Adjusted R2 | P | 赤池系数 AICc | |||
局部尺度 Local scale | ||||||||
物种丰富度指数 Species richness index | <0.001 | 0.418 | 1,218.2 | 0.01 | 0.166 | 1,217.2 | NS | |
Simpson多样性指数 Simpson diversity index | 0.04 | 0.010 | -136.6 | 0.05 | 0.001 | -137.4 | Q | |
物种均匀度指数 Species evenness index | 0.06 | 0.001 | -152.6 | 0.07 | 0.002 | -152.0 | L | |
树状图功能多样性指数 Dendrogram-based functional diversity index (dbFD) | <0.001 | 0.633 | 364.0 | <0.001 | 0.477 | 364.7 | NS | |
Rao二次熵指数 Rao’s Quadratic index (RaoQ) | 0.02 | 0.057 | -516.4 | 0.02 | 0.074 | -516.0 | L | |
功能均匀度指数 Functional evenness index (FEve) | 0.01 | 0.079 | -284.8 | 0.01 | 0.136 | -283.7 | L | |
区域尺度 Regional scale | ||||||||
100 m | 物种丰富度指数 Species richness index | <0.001 | 0.68 | 218.7 | <0.001 | 0.50 | 219.3 | NS |
Simpson多样性指数 Simpson diversity index | 0.20 | 0.015 | -56.6 | 0.28 | 0.011 | -58.3 | Q | |
物种均匀度指数 Species evenness index | <0.001 | 0.450 | -53.2 | 0.01 | 0.355 | -52.9 | NS | |
树状图功能多样性指数 Dendrogram-based functional diversity index (dbFD) | 0.52 | <0.001 | 70.6 | 0.57 | <0.001 | 68.7 | Q | |
Rao二次熵指数 Rao’s Quadratic index (RaoQ) | 0.10 | 0.064 | -120.5 | 0.24 | 0.020 | -123.6 | Q | |
功能均匀度指数 Functional evenness index (FEve) | 0.19 | 0.017 | -73.6 | 0.17 | 0.048 | -72.2 | L | |
150 m | 物种丰富度指数 Species richness index | <0.001 | 0.33 | 143.4 | <0.001 | 0.53 | 145.0 | NS |
Simpson多样性指数 Simpson diversity index | 0.10 | 0.116 | -35.9 | 0.29 | 0.035 | -39.1 | Q | |
物种均匀度指数 Species evenness index | <0.001 | 0.512 | -40.0 | 0.16 | 0.112 | -42.8 | NS | |
树状图功能多样性指数 Dendrogram-based functional diversity index (dbFD) | 0.76 | <0.001 | 27.9 | 0.82 | <0.001 | 23.8 | Q | |
Rao二次熵指数 Rao’s Quadratic index (RaoQ) | <0.001 | 0.351 | -82.0 | 0.20 | 0.081 | -85.1 | Q | |
功能均匀度指数 Functional evenness index (FEve) | 0.18 | 0.052 | -55.2 | 0.12 | 0.153 | -53.2 | L | |
200 m | 物种丰富度指数 Species richness index | <0.001 | 0.77 | 116.1 | <0.001 | 0.92 | 118.0 | NS |
Simpson多样性指数 Simpson diversity index | 0.22 | 0.059 | -27.8 | 0.34 | 0.051 | -29.1 | Q | |
物种均匀度指数 Species evenness index | 0.02 | 0.285 | -30.2 | 0.14 | 0.191 | -31.1 | NS | |
树状图功能多样性指数 Dendrogram-based functional diversity index (dbFD) | 0.75 | <0.001 | 26.4 | 0.80 | <0.001 | 24.2 | Q | |
Rao二次熵指数 Rao’s Quadratic index (RaoQ) | 0.06 | 0.208 | -62.9 | 0.22 | 0.114 | -64.5 | NS | |
功能均匀度指数 Functional evenness index (FEve) | 0.31 | 0.027 | -42.4 | 0.25 | 0.099 | -40.4 | L | |
250 m | 物种丰富度指数 Species richness index | <0.001 | 0.66 | 86.4 | <0.001 | 0.91 | 88.4 | NS |
Simpson多样性指数 Simpson diversity index | <0.001 | 0.455 | -18.0 | 0.07 | 0.311 | -18.5 | NS | |
物种均匀度指数 Species evenness index | <0.001 | 0.964 | -21.1 | 0.02 | 0.381 | -21.7 | NS | |
树状图功能多样性指数 Dendrogram-based functional diversity index (dbFD) | 0.82 | <0.001 | 20.1 | 0.82 | <0.001 | 20.6 | L | |
Rao二次熵指数 Rao’s Quadratic index (RaoQ) | <0.001 | 0.773 | -49.9 | 0.04 | 0.351 | -50.7 | NS | |
功能均匀度指数 Functional evenness index (FEve) | 0.26 | 0.062 | -35.8 | 0.19 | 0.181 | -33.9 | L |
Fig. 2 The relationship between taxonomic and functional diversity indices and elevation at local and regional (elevational band across 100 m, 150 m, 200 m, and 250 m) scales. Black solid line indicates highly significant (P < 0.01) and significant (P < 0.05) linear or quadratic relationships, grey solid line indicates marginally significant (P < 0.1) linear or quadratic relationships, and black dotted line indicates non-significant (P > 0.1) linear or quadratic relationships.
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