Species diversity and suitable habitat prediction of Chiroptera in the Luoxiao Mountains

doi:10.17520/biods.2019259

Abstract

Abstract:

The Luoxiao Mountains are a main chain of north-south mountains in southeast China, covering approximately 67,600 km². It is considered a biodiversity hot spot that served as glacial refuge during the Tertiary period for eastern Eurasia. Starting in 2013, we investigated chiropteran diversity in the Luoxiao Mountains by conducting five-year surveys using mist nets, hand nets and harp traps. We identified 40 chiropteran species belonging to 4 families, 14 genera through morphological examination, phylogenetic inference, comparing to species identification from the literatures. Of the species we identified, 25 are primarily found in the region, and 9 belong to new provincial records. Current and potential future distribution area for bats was predicted based on all occurrence coordinates using the online platform “the Biodiversity & Climate Change Virtual Laboratory”. The random forest algorithm performed better than all other methods, and further indicates that precipitation seasonality and annual mean temperature contribute the most in models. Additionally, we found that the central and southern region (about 30% of the Luoxiao Mountains area) are hot spots for bats. The future distribution prediction for 2050 illustrates a trend of range expansion under the lowest greenhouse gas emissions conditions (RCP 2.6). Nevertheless, suitable habitats for bats will dramatically contract and transfer to higher regions under RCP 6.0 and RCP 8.5. We hope this study benefits future research, conservation and management for chiropteran in the Luoxiao Mountains.

Key words: Chiroptera (bats), Luoxiao Mountains, species diversity, habitat prediction

Yifeng Hu, Xiaoyun Wang, Xuejian Deng, Hua Wu, Zhenglanyi Huang, Yang Yue, Fang Li, Qiuping Zhang, Weijian Guo, Feng Li, Bocheng Chen, Zhongxian Xu, Quan Zhou, Wenhua Yu, Yi Wu. Species diversity and suitable habitat prediction of Chiroptera in the Luoxiao Mountains[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2020, 28(7): 876-888.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2019259

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2020/V28/I7/876

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References 67

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[67]	Zhao WY (2017) The Floristic Phytogeography of Spermatophyte Flora in Luoxiao Range. PhD dissertation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 赵万义 (2017) 罗霄山脉种子植物区系地理学研究. 博士学位论文, 中山大学, 广州.]

物种	分布型	濒危等级	栖息环境	分布区域	资料来源
Species	Distribution	Endangered category	Habitat	Location	Sources
菊头蝠科 Rhinolophidae
1.中菊头蝠 Rhinolophus affinis	W	LC	洞穴 Cave	c, d	标本 Specimen
2.华南菊头蝠 Rhinolophus huananus^*	-	NT	洞穴 Cave	c, d	标本 Specimen
3.大菊头蝠 Rhinolophus luctus	W	NT	洞穴 Cave	a, b, c, d	标本 Specimen
4.大耳菊头蝠 Rhinolophus macrotis	W	LC	洞穴 Cave	c, d	标本 Specimen
5.皮氏菊头蝠 Rhinolophus pearsoni	W	LC	洞穴 Cave	c, d	标本 Specimen
6.小菊头蝠 Rhinolophus pusillus	S	LC	洞穴 Cave	a, c, d	标本 Specimen
7.中华菊头蝠 Rhinolophus sinicus	W	LC	洞穴 Cave	a, b, c, d	标本 Specimen
蹄蝠科 Hipposideridae
8.大蹄蝠 Hipposideros armiger	W	LC	洞穴 Cave	d	标本 Specimen
9.中蹄蝠 Hipposideros larvatus^#	W	LC	洞穴 Cave	c	标本 Specimen; Feng et al, 2017
10.普氏蹄蝠 Hipposideros pratti^*	W	NT	洞穴 Cave	c	标本 Specimen
11.无尾蹄蝠 Coelops frithii	W	VU	洞穴 Cave	d	标本 Specimen; Xu et al, 2013
蝙蝠科 Vespertilionidae
12.西南鼠耳蝠 Myotis altarium	S	NT	洞穴 Cave	c, d	标本 Specimen
13.中华鼠耳蝠 Myotis chinensis	U	NT	洞穴 Cave	a	标本 Specimen
14.长指鼠耳蝠 Myotis longipes^#*	O	LC	洞穴 Cave	c, d	标本 Specimen; Yu et al, 2018
15.大卫鼠耳蝠 Myotis davidii^#*	E	LC	洞穴 Cave	a, b, c, d	标本 Specimen; Ren et al, 2017
16.长尾鼠耳蝠 Myotis frater	O	DD	洞穴 Cave	c, d	Liao et al, 2014
17.金黄鼠耳蝠 Myotis formosus^*	S	VU	森林 Forest	c	标本 Specimen
18.华南水鼠耳蝠 Myotis laniger^*	O	LC	森林 Forest	c, d	标本 Specimen
19.东亚水鼠耳蝠 Myotis petax^#*	O	DD	洞穴 Cave	c	标本 Specimen; Feng et al, 2019
20.大足鼠耳蝠 Myotis pilosus^*	U	NT	洞穴 Cave	c	标本 Specimen
21.渡濑氏鼠耳蝠 Myotis rufoniger^*	S	VU	洞穴 Cave	d	标本 Specimen
22.鼠耳蝠1 Myotis sp.1^*	-	-	森林 Forest	d	标本 Specimen
23.鼠耳蝠2 Myotis sp.2^*	-	-	森林 Forest	d	标本 Specimen
24.鼠耳蝠3 Myotis sp.3^*	-	-	森林 Forest	d	标本 Specimen
25.东亚伏翼 Pipistrellus abramus	E	LC	房屋 House	a, d	标本 Specimen
26.爪哇伏翼 Pipistrellus javanicus	S	NT	森林 Forest	d	Liao et al, 2014
27.伏翼1 Pipistrellus sp.1^*	-	-	森林 Forest	c, d	标本 Specimen
28.伏翼2 Pipistrellus sp.2^*	-	-	森林 Forest	d	标本 Specimen
29.灰伏翼 Hypsugo pulveratus^*	S	NT	森林 Forest	c	标本 Specimen
30.大棕蝠 Eptesicus serotinus^*	U	LC	森林 Forest	a	标本 Specimen
31.中华山蝠 Nyctalus plancyi^*	S	LC	房屋 House	d	标本 Specimen
32.褐扁颅蝠 Tylonycteris robustula^#*	W	NT	森林 Forest	c, d	标本 Specimen; Zhang et al, 2014
33.斑蝠 Scotomanes ornatus^*	S	LC	森林 Forest	a	标本 Specimen
34.毛翼管鼻蝠 Harpiocephalus harpia^#*	W	NT	森林 Forest	a, c, d	标本 Specimen; Chen et al, 2015; Yu et al, 2017; Yue et al, 2019
35.艾氏管鼻蝠 Murina eleryi^*	W	NT	森林 Forest	c, d	标本 Specimen
36.哈氏管鼻蝠 Murina harrisoni^*	W	DD	森林 Forest	d	标本 Specimen
37.中管鼻蝠 Murina huttoni^#*	W	LC	森林 Forest	a, b, c, d	标本 Specimen; Huang et al, 2018
38.水甫管鼻蝠 Murina shuipuensis^#*	-	DD	森林 Forest	d	标本 Specimen; Wang et al, 2016
39.暗褐彩蝠 Kerivoula furva^#*	W	DD	森林 Forest	c, d	标本 Specimen; Li et al, 2015
长翼蝠科 Miniopteridae
40.亚洲长翼蝠 Miniopterus fuliginosus	O	NT	山洞 Cave	a, c, d	标本 Specimen

物种	分布型	濒危等级	栖息环境	分布区域	资料来源
Species	Distribution	Endangered category	Habitat	Location	Sources
菊头蝠科 Rhinolophidae
1.中菊头蝠 Rhinolophus affinis	W	LC	洞穴 Cave	c, d	标本 Specimen
2.华南菊头蝠 Rhinolophus huananus^*	-	NT	洞穴 Cave	c, d	标本 Specimen
3.大菊头蝠 Rhinolophus luctus	W	NT	洞穴 Cave	a, b, c, d	标本 Specimen
4.大耳菊头蝠 Rhinolophus macrotis	W	LC	洞穴 Cave	c, d	标本 Specimen
5.皮氏菊头蝠 Rhinolophus pearsoni	W	LC	洞穴 Cave	c, d	标本 Specimen
6.小菊头蝠 Rhinolophus pusillus	S	LC	洞穴 Cave	a, c, d	标本 Specimen
7.中华菊头蝠 Rhinolophus sinicus	W	LC	洞穴 Cave	a, b, c, d	标本 Specimen
蹄蝠科 Hipposideridae
8.大蹄蝠 Hipposideros armiger	W	LC	洞穴 Cave	d	标本 Specimen
9.中蹄蝠 Hipposideros larvatus^#	W	LC	洞穴 Cave	c	标本 Specimen; Feng et al, 2017
10.普氏蹄蝠 Hipposideros pratti^*	W	NT	洞穴 Cave	c	标本 Specimen
11.无尾蹄蝠 Coelops frithii	W	VU	洞穴 Cave	d	标本 Specimen; Xu et al, 2013
蝙蝠科 Vespertilionidae
12.西南鼠耳蝠 Myotis altarium	S	NT	洞穴 Cave	c, d	标本 Specimen
13.中华鼠耳蝠 Myotis chinensis	U	NT	洞穴 Cave	a	标本 Specimen
14.长指鼠耳蝠 Myotis longipes^#*	O	LC	洞穴 Cave	c, d	标本 Specimen; Yu et al, 2018
15.大卫鼠耳蝠 Myotis davidii^#*	E	LC	洞穴 Cave	a, b, c, d	标本 Specimen; Ren et al, 2017
16.长尾鼠耳蝠 Myotis frater	O	DD	洞穴 Cave	c, d	Liao et al, 2014
17.金黄鼠耳蝠 Myotis formosus^*	S	VU	森林 Forest	c	标本 Specimen
18.华南水鼠耳蝠 Myotis laniger^*	O	LC	森林 Forest	c, d	标本 Specimen
19.东亚水鼠耳蝠 Myotis petax^#*	O	DD	洞穴 Cave	c	标本 Specimen; Feng et al, 2019
20.大足鼠耳蝠 Myotis pilosus^*	U	NT	洞穴 Cave	c	标本 Specimen
21.渡濑氏鼠耳蝠 Myotis rufoniger^*	S	VU	洞穴 Cave	d	标本 Specimen
22.鼠耳蝠1 Myotis sp.1^*	-	-	森林 Forest	d	标本 Specimen
23.鼠耳蝠2 Myotis sp.2^*	-	-	森林 Forest	d	标本 Specimen
24.鼠耳蝠3 Myotis sp.3^*	-	-	森林 Forest	d	标本 Specimen
25.东亚伏翼 Pipistrellus abramus	E	LC	房屋 House	a, d	标本 Specimen
26.爪哇伏翼 Pipistrellus javanicus	S	NT	森林 Forest	d	Liao et al, 2014
27.伏翼1 Pipistrellus sp.1^*	-	-	森林 Forest	c, d	标本 Specimen
28.伏翼2 Pipistrellus sp.2^*	-	-	森林 Forest	d	标本 Specimen
29.灰伏翼 Hypsugo pulveratus^*	S	NT	森林 Forest	c	标本 Specimen
30.大棕蝠 Eptesicus serotinus^*	U	LC	森林 Forest	a	标本 Specimen
31.中华山蝠 Nyctalus plancyi^*	S	LC	房屋 House	d	标本 Specimen
32.褐扁颅蝠 Tylonycteris robustula^#*	W	NT	森林 Forest	c, d	标本 Specimen; Zhang et al, 2014
33.斑蝠 Scotomanes ornatus^*	S	LC	森林 Forest	a	标本 Specimen
34.毛翼管鼻蝠 Harpiocephalus harpia^#*	W	NT	森林 Forest	a, c, d	标本 Specimen; Chen et al, 2015; Yu et al, 2017; Yue et al, 2019
35.艾氏管鼻蝠 Murina eleryi^*	W	NT	森林 Forest	c, d	标本 Specimen
36.哈氏管鼻蝠 Murina harrisoni^*	W	DD	森林 Forest	d	标本 Specimen
37.中管鼻蝠 Murina huttoni^#*	W	LC	森林 Forest	a, b, c, d	标本 Specimen; Huang et al, 2018
38.水甫管鼻蝠 Murina shuipuensis^#*	-	DD	森林 Forest	d	标本 Specimen; Wang et al, 2016
39.暗褐彩蝠 Kerivoula furva^#*	W	DD	森林 Forest	c, d	标本 Specimen; Li et al, 2015
长翼蝠科 Miniopteridae
40.亚洲长翼蝠 Miniopterus fuliginosus	O	NT	山洞 Cave	a, c, d	标本 Specimen

	框架模型 Profile models	机器学习模型 Machine learning models				统计回归模型 Statistical models
	Bioclim	ANN	CT	MaxEnt	RF	FDA	GLM
真阳性率 True positive rate	0.999	0.998	0.833	0.944	0.999	0.972	0.917
真实技巧统计法 True skill statistic	0.889	0.998	0.750	0.896	0.999	0.917	0.917
准确度 Accuracy	0.944	0.998	0.875	0.951	0.999	0.958	0.958
受试者特征曲线下面积 Area under the receiving operator curve	0.970	0.998	0.880	0.970	0.999	0.980	0.980

	框架模型 Profile models	机器学习模型 Machine learning models				统计回归模型 Statistical models
	Bioclim	ANN	CT	MaxEnt	RF	FDA	GLM
真阳性率 True positive rate	0.999	0.998	0.833	0.944	0.999	0.972	0.917
真实技巧统计法 True skill statistic	0.889	0.998	0.750	0.896	0.999	0.917	0.917
准确度 Accuracy	0.944	0.998	0.875	0.951	0.999	0.958	0.958
受试者特征曲线下面积 Area under the receiving operator curve	0.970	0.998	0.880	0.970	0.999	0.980	0.980