Density-dependent effects in Picea schrenkiana forests in Tianshan Mountains

doi:10.17520/biods.2015282

Abstract

Abstract:

The density-dependence hypothesis is one of the most important mechanisms proposed to explain species coexistence in natural forest communities. Picea schrenkiana is the single dominant species of the forest communities in Tianshan Mountains, which plays a very important role in temperate forests of China. We used reexamined data with a five-year interval on an 8-ha P. schrenkiana forest dynamics plot to illustrate the dynamics of species composition. Pointpattern analysis was conducted to reveal the spatial structure of P. schrenkiana individuals of different ages, and the effects of the density-dependence hypothesis on different ages of P. schrenkiana was discussed. The results were as follows: (1) Woody plants with DBH ≥ 1 cm were 11,835 trees in 2009 and 11,050 in 2014. The mortality rate was 8.82%, the recruitment rate was 2.19%, and the net decrease was 6.63%; (2) Young and medium trees of P. schrenkiana presented an aggregation distribution across a scale of 0-40 m, and the aggregation intensity decreased as the scale increased. Mature trees presented a random distribution on scales of 0 m ≤ r ≤ 2 m and r = 4 m, and an aggregation distribution on other scales with a low density. (3) Using a “case-control” design method and eliminating habitat heterogeneity, the distribution of young and medium trees were taken as examples of case. The distribution pattern of mature trees was used as a comparison and represented habitat heterogeneity, and was compared with that of young and medium trees. Young and medium trees of P. schrenkiana were observed to present more considerable gathering than was observed for mature trees on scales of 0-40 m, and density decreased while the diameter class increased. These results indicate that the density-dependence hypothesis has an influence on distribution patterns of different age classes. This study reveals that P. schrenkiana was affected by habitat heterogeneity and presented a significant aggregation effect. The spatial pattern of P. schrenkiana is revealed to be affected by the density-dependence hypothesis after eliminating the effects of habitat heterogeneity. The results of this paper support the Janzen-Connell hypothesis.

http://jtp.cnki.net/bilingual/detail/html/SWDY201603002

Key words: dynamics plot, density-dependence hypothesis, spatial distribution, Picea schrenkiana, Tianshan Mountains

Huijie Wang, Shunli Chang, Yutao Zhang, Jin Xie, Ping He, Chengcheng Song, Xuejiao Sun. Density-dependent effects in Picea schrenkiana forests in Tianshan Mountains[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2016, 24(3): 252-261.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2015282

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2016/V24/I3/252

Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1 The sketch map of the 8-ha Picea schrenkiana forest dynamics plot in Tianshan Mountains

Table 1 Community dynamics in the 8-ha Picea schrenkiana forest dynamics plot in Tianshan Mountains in 2009 and 2014

物种 Species	生长型 Growth form	多度 Abundance			重要值 Importance value (%)		平均胸径 Mean DBH (cm)			死亡数 Number of dead individual	补员数 Number of recruited individual	胸径净增长 DBH net growth (cm)
物种 Species	生长型 Growth form	2009	2014		2009	2014		2009	2014	死亡数 Number of dead individual	补员数 Number of recruited individual	胸径净增长 DBH net growth (cm)
雪岭云杉 Picea schrenkiana	乔木 Tree	11,731	10,962	92.88		92.51	13.16		14.25	1,010	241	1.03
密叶杨 Populus talassica	乔木 Tree	5	5	0.42		0.41	9.20		10.88	0	0	1.68
天山桦 Betula tianschanica	乔木 Tree	1	0	0.14		0.00	4.90		5.20	1	0	-
天山花楸 Sorbus tianschanica	乔木 Tree	31	25	1.45		2.58	8.31		7.81	8	2	0.68
小檗 Berberis heteropoda	灌木 Shrub	34	40	2.22		2.74	2.11		2.05	8	14	0.16
忍冬 Lonicera hispida	灌木 Shrub	27	17	2.08		1.63	4.91		5.94	11	1	0.80
栒子 Cotoneaster melanocarpus	灌木 Shrub	4	0	0.54		0.00	5.56		0.00	4	0	-
蔷薇 Rosa spinosissima	灌木 Shrub	2	1	0.27		0.13	4.60		3.30	2	1	-
合计 Total		11,835	11,050	100		100				1,044	259

Fig. 2 Spatial distribution patterns of Picea schrenkiana with different ages (DBH) in the 8-ha forest dynamics plot in Tianshan Mountains. (A) Young tree (1 cm ≤ DBH ≤ 12.5 cm); (B) Medium tree (12.5 cm < DBH ≤ 22.5 cm); (C) Mature tree (DBH > 22.5 cm).

Fig. 3 Scale dependency of spatial patterns of Picea schrenkiana with different ages (DBH) in the 8-ha forest dynamics plot in Tianshan Mountains. (A) Young trees (1 cm ≤ DBH ≤ 12.5 cm); (B) Medium trees (12.5 cm < DBH ≤ 22.5 cm); (C) Mature trees (DBH > 22.5 cm). Solid lines show 99% simulation envelopes and solid lines with points represent the point pattern.

Fig. 4 Density-dependence analyses of the 8-ha Picea schrenkiana forest dynamics plot in Tianshan Mountains. (A) Young trees (1 cm ≤ DBH ≤ 12.5 cm) serve as case and mature trees (DBH > 22.5 cm) as control; (B) Medium trees (12.5 cm < DBH ≤ 22.5 cm) serve as case and mature trees as control; (C) The pattern changes from young trees to medium trees. Solid lines show 99% simulation envelopes and solid lines with points represents the point pattern.

Fig. 5 Spatial association of Picea schrenkiana with different ages (DBH) in the 8-ha forest dynamics plot in Tianshan Mountains. (A) Young (1 cm ≤ DBH ≤ 12.5 cm) and mature (DBH > 22.5 cm) trees; (B) Medium (12.5 cm < DBH ≤ 22.5 cm) and mature trees. Solid lines show 99% simulation envelopes and solid lines with points represents the point pattern.

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