西沙群岛七连屿珊瑚礁鱼类的物种组成与演替

doi:10.17520/biods.2023481

生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (6): 23481. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023481

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

西沙群岛七连屿珊瑚礁鱼类的物种组成与演替

王腾¹^,²(), 李纯厚¹^,², 王广华³(), 赵金发¹^,², 石娟¹^,², 谢宏宇¹^,², 刘永¹^,²^,^*()(), 刘玉¹^,²

1.中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所/农业农村部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室/广东珠江口生态系统野外科学观测研究站/广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室, 广州 510300
2.海南省西沙岛礁渔业生态系统野外科学观测研究站/海南省深远海渔业资源高效利用与加工重点实验室/三亚热带水产研究院, 海南三亚 572018
3.广西大学海洋学院/广西南海珊瑚礁研究重点实验室, 南宁 530004

收稿日期:2023-12-22 接受日期:2024-04-13 出版日期:2024-06-20 发布日期:2024-06-13
通讯作者: * E-mail: liuyong@scsfri.ac.cn
基金资助:
海南省自然科学基金(323MS124);海南省自然科学基金(322CXTD530);农业财政专项(NHZX2024);广东省基础与应用基础研究重大项目课题(2019B030302004-05);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费项目(2023TD16);中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2021SD04);中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2019TS28)

Species composition and succession of coral reef fishes on Qilianyu Island, Xisha Islands

Teng Wang¹^,²(), Chunhou Li¹^,², Guanghua Wang³(), Jinfa Zhao¹^,², Juan Shi¹^,², Hongyu Xie¹^,², Yong Liu¹^,²^,^*()(), Yu Liu¹^,²

1. South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Observation and Research Field Station of Pearl River Estuary Ecosystem, Guangdong Province/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510300
2. Scientific Observation and Research Station of Xisha Island Reef Fishery Ecosystem of Hainan Province/Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province/Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, Hainan 572018
3. School of Marine Sciences/Guangxi University, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Nanning 530004

Received:2023-12-22 Accepted:2024-04-13 Online:2024-06-20 Published:2024-06-13
Contact: * E-mail: liuyong@scsfri.ac.cn

1. 附录.pdf(909KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

七连屿是西沙群岛东北面的一个珊瑚礁群岛, 生物多样性极高, 近年来由于受到了人类扰动影响, 鱼类资源出现明显衰退。为探究这一衰退演变特征并更好地保护和管理七连屿珊瑚礁鱼类资源, 我们于2018-2023年采用潜水捕捞、渔捞日志记录、水下视频拍摄以及环境DNA分析等方法, 并结合近年这一海域的研究资料, 对其鱼类种类组成的现状进行分析。结果如下: 2017年至今, 七连屿共发现珊瑚礁鱼类412种, 隶属于2纲16目60科168属, 其中鲈形目鱼类最多, 为320种, 科水平隆头鱼科种类最多, 有47种。七连屿以小型鱼类为多; 食性方面以肉食性鱼类为多。2021-2023年大中型鱼类比例及肉食性鱼类比例较2017-2020年出现下降, 同时小型鱼类和植食性鱼类比例却出现显著上升。两时间段肉食性鱼类相似性较低, 为不相似; 植食性鱼类相似性较高, 为中等相似; 小型鱼类相似性较低, 为不相似, 大型鱼类也为不相似。优势种中大型鱼类和小型鱼类的种类数显著低于稀有鱼类, 肉食性鱼类的种类数也显著低于稀有鱼类, 而植食性鱼类的种类数则显著高于稀有鱼类。两时间段的鱼类平均分类差异指数(Delta+)和变异分类差异指数(Lambda+)呈下降趋势。以上表明七连屿珊瑚礁鱼类受到了过度捕捞和生境退化的双重影响, 鱼类物种发生了显著的更替。研究为今后预测七连屿珊瑚礁鱼类物种演替趋势提供了基础数据, 为西沙珊瑚礁生态系统保护和修复提供了参考。

关键词: 西沙群岛, 珊瑚礁鱼类, 过度捕捞, 分类多样性, 演替

Abstract

Aims: Qilianyu Island, situated within the northeastern region of the Xisha Islands, harbors rich coral reef ecosystems. However, overfishing and habitat degradation have led to a significant decline in coral reef fish resources. To aid in the conservation and management of these resources, this study aimed to summarize the current composition of coral reef fish on Qilianyu Island and short-term species dynamics.
Methods: A continuous survey of coral reef fish from 2018 to 2023 was conducted on Qilianyu Island, utilizing data compiled from various research methods, including diving surveys, fishing logs, underwater videos, and environmental DNA analysis. Fish species were categorized based on feeding habits (herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores) and individual size (small, medium, and large). Human disturbance impacts were assessed using classification diversity and similarity indices.
Results: Since 2017, a total of 412 coral reef fish species have been identified on Qilianyu Island, representing 2 classes, 16 orders, 60 families, and 168 genera. Perciformes comprised the highest number of species (320), with Labridae being the most abundant family (47 species). Small fish species dominated the coral reef fish community, while carnivorous fish being the most prevalent in terms of diet. However, there has been a notable decrease in the proportion of large and medium-sized fish, as well as carnivorous species, from 2017-2020 compared to 2021-2023, accompanied by a significant increase in small and herbivorous fish. The dissimilarity indices between the two periods revealed changes in species composition and diversity. The study revealed that herbivorous fish exhibited the highest similarity, with a moderate level of similarity observed, indicating relatively stable composition over time. Conversely, small fish displayed the lowest similarity, suggesting significant variability in their presence between time periods. Large fish showed dissimilarity, indicating notable shifts in their abundance and composition. Furthermore, dominant fish species exhibited a lower number of large and small fish species compared to rare fish species, suggesting a more diverse composition among less abundant species. Additionally, dominant fish species had fewer carnivorous species but a higher number of herbivorous species compared to rare fish species, indicating potential impacts on trophic interactions within the community. Moreover, both Delta+ and Lambda+ indices decreased during the two time periods, suggesting a decline in overall species turnover and evenness over time, potentially reflecting ongoing disturbances to the coral reef ecosystem.
Conclusions: Our study reveals the coral reef fish community of Qilianyu Island has undergone significant changes due to overfishing and habitat degradation, leading to altered fish species composition and succession patterns. The study provides essential data for predicting future trends in fish species succession within Xisha Coral Reefs and offers insights into the conservation and restoration of these ecosystems.

Key words: Xisha Islands, coral reef fish, overfishing, taxonomic diversity, succession

王腾, 李纯厚, 王广华, 赵金发, 石娟, 谢宏宇, 刘永, 刘玉 (2024) 西沙群岛七连屿珊瑚礁鱼类的物种组成与演替. 生物多样性, 32, 23481. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023481.

Teng Wang, Chunhou Li, Guanghua Wang, Jinfa Zhao, Juan Shi, Hongyu Xie, Yong Liu, Yu Liu (2024) Species composition and succession of coral reef fishes on Qilianyu Island, Xisha Islands. Biodiversity Science, 32, 23481. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023481.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2023481

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I6/23481

图/表 6

图1 西沙群岛七连屿珊瑚礁鱼类种类组成

Fig. 1 Composition of coral reef fish species on Qilianyu Island of the Xisha Islands

图2 七连屿珊瑚礁鱼类最大全长的物种数分布特征

Fig. 2 The distribution characteristics of species number in the maximum total length of coral reef fishes on Qilianyu Island

图3 七连屿不同大小和食性珊瑚礁鱼类的分布特征

Fig. 3 Distribution characteristics of coral reef fishes with different sizes and feeding habits on Qilianyu Island

图4 七连屿不同体型(a)和不同食性(b)珊瑚礁鱼类在两个时间段的占比

Fig. 4 Characteristics of the percentage distribution of reef fishes with different body size (a) and different feeding habits (b) on Qilianyu Island in two periods

图5 七连屿珊瑚礁优势和稀有鱼类食性(a)与个体大小(b)特征分布

Fig. 5 Distribution characteristics of the dominant and rare coral reef fishes with different feeding habits (a) and different sizes (b) on Qilianyu Island

图6 七连屿不同时间段鱼类平均分类差异指数(a)和变异分类差异指数(b)的95%置信区间漏斗图

Fig. 6 Funnel plots of 95% confidence intervals for the average taxonomic distinctness (a) and the variation taxonomic distinctness (b) at different time periods on Qilianyu Island

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西沙群岛七连屿珊瑚礁鱼类的物种组成与演替

Species composition and succession of coral reef fishes on Qilianyu Island, Xisha Islands

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