生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (2): 24064. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024064 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024064
• 植物迁地保护目标专题 • 上一篇
出版日期:
2024-02-20
发布日期:
2024-03-01
通讯作者:
E-mail: Online:
2024-02-20
Published:
2024-03-01
Contact:
E-mail: 摘要:
植物迁地保护将是正在建设的国家植物园体系的核心任务, 然而, 有关植物迁地保护在植物多样性保护中的地位与作用、我国植物迁地保护的目标应该如何确立等诸多问题尚待讨论。本文通过文献研究, 简要回顾了植物迁地保护的发展历史、过去40年国内外植物迁地保护取得的成绩, 澄清了人们对植物迁地保护工作的一些疑虑; 结合《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》和即将发布的《支持<昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架>实施的植物保护相关的自愿补充行动》, 提出我国植物迁地保护的目标应该为“对所有受威胁植物实施有效的迁地保护, 包括保护其遗传的多样性和代表性”。
陈进, 杨玺 (2024) 关于植物迁地保护若干问题的讨论. 生物多样性, 32, 24064. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024064.
Jin Chen, Xi Yang (2024) Discussion on the plant ex situ conservation. Biodiversity Science, 32, 24064. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024064.
项目 Items | 就地保护 In situ conservation | 迁地保护 Ex situ conservation |
---|---|---|
保护物种的α多样性 Species α diversity protected | 取决于生境 Varied depending on habitats | 通常高 Often high |
保护植物、动物或者二者一起 Protect plants, animals or both together | 动植物一起保护 Plants and animals together | 动植物通常分开保护 Plants and animals in separate facilities |
保存遗传的完整性 Protect genetic integrity | 是, 如果居群的大小足够大 Yes, if population sizes adequate | 需要专门的考量 Need to be specifically targeted |
对气候变化的敏感性 Vulnerable to climate change | 通常是, 特别是那些隔离的小种群 Often yes, particularly if small or isolated | 较低 Less so |
投资需求 Input requirements | 通常很高 Often very high | 对植物的相对较低 Relatively low for plants |
对教育与研究的便捷性 Relevant to education and research | 依赖具体情况不同 Depend on the situation | 通常比较便捷 Often yes |
和社区的利益冲突 Interest conflict with local community | 通常有冲突, 也有例外 Often yes, although many exceptions | 通常不会 Often not the case |
监测项目成功与否 Monitoring success or not | 通常较难 Often difficult | 相对容易 Relatively easy |
保护物种间相互关系 Protect mutualists, parasites and other associated species | 是 Yes | 否, 除非精细的考量 No, unless deliberately targeted |
适应性进化 Allow continued adaptive evolution | 是 Yes | 否 No |
表1 就地保护与迁地保护的优劣势比较(修改自Chen et al, 2017)
Table 1 Advantages and disadvantages of in situ vs. ex situ conservation (Adapted from Chen et al, 2017)
项目 Items | 就地保护 In situ conservation | 迁地保护 Ex situ conservation |
---|---|---|
保护物种的α多样性 Species α diversity protected | 取决于生境 Varied depending on habitats | 通常高 Often high |
保护植物、动物或者二者一起 Protect plants, animals or both together | 动植物一起保护 Plants and animals together | 动植物通常分开保护 Plants and animals in separate facilities |
保存遗传的完整性 Protect genetic integrity | 是, 如果居群的大小足够大 Yes, if population sizes adequate | 需要专门的考量 Need to be specifically targeted |
对气候变化的敏感性 Vulnerable to climate change | 通常是, 特别是那些隔离的小种群 Often yes, particularly if small or isolated | 较低 Less so |
投资需求 Input requirements | 通常很高 Often very high | 对植物的相对较低 Relatively low for plants |
对教育与研究的便捷性 Relevant to education and research | 依赖具体情况不同 Depend on the situation | 通常比较便捷 Often yes |
和社区的利益冲突 Interest conflict with local community | 通常有冲突, 也有例外 Often yes, although many exceptions | 通常不会 Often not the case |
监测项目成功与否 Monitoring success or not | 通常较难 Often difficult | 相对容易 Relatively easy |
保护物种间相互关系 Protect mutualists, parasites and other associated species | 是 Yes | 否, 除非精细的考量 No, unless deliberately targeted |
适应性进化 Allow continued adaptive evolution | 是 Yes | 否 No |
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