北京市大型真菌物种多样性调查与资源评价

doi:10.17520/biods.2023196

生物多样性 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (10): 23196. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023196

北京市大型真菌物种多样性调查与资源评价

徐维启¹, 李玥¹, 李海蛟², 刘冬梅³, 杨宁⁴, 张琦¹, 何双辉¹^,^*()

1.北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院微生物研究所, 北京 100083
2.中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所, 北京 100050
3.中国环境科学研究院, 北京 100012
4.北京市生态环境保护科学研究院, 北京 100037

收稿日期:2023-06-10 接受日期:2023-08-14 出版日期:2023-10-20 发布日期:2023-08-18
通讯作者: *E-mail: heshuanghui@bjfu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32070005);国家自然科学基金(32270014);国家自然科学基金(32270021)

Species diversity and resource evaluation of macrofungi in Beijing

Weiqi Xu¹, Yue Li¹, Haijiao Li², Dongmei Liu³, Ning Yang⁴, Qi Zhang¹, Shuanghui He¹^,^*()

1. Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083
2. National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050
3. Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012
4. Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037

Received:2023-06-10 Accepted:2023-08-14 Online:2023-10-20 Published:2023-08-18
Contact: *E-mail: heshuanghui@bjfu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

大型真菌作为生态系统的主要组成部分, 具有重要的生态功能与经济价值。本研究于2020-2022年采用样线法和随机踏查法对北京市大型真菌资源进行调查, 共采集标本5,448份。通过形态学与分子生物学方法鉴定物种608种, 进一步结合相关文献资料确定北京市大型真菌共619种, 隶属于2门6纲22目93科277属, 其中担子菌门595种, 子囊菌门24种, 中国新记录种5种, 北京新记录种120种。基于以上物种名录开展物种组成和区系地理分析以及资源评价, 结果表明: 含10种以上的优势科共19科, 占总物种数的59.61%, 主要有: 蘑菇科、多孔菌科、小脆柄菇科、红菇科、口蘑科等; 含5种以上的优势属有33属, 占总物种数的38.13%, 主要有: 丝膜菌属(Cortinarius)、裸脚伞属(Gymnopus)、丝盖伞属(Inocybe)、白环蘑属(Leucoagaricus)、红菇属(Russula)等。北京市大型真菌以世界广布属(61.37%)和北温带分布属(31.05%)为主, 其次是泛热带分布属(5.42%)。北京市共有食用菌71种、药用菌43种、有毒菌22种、食药兼用菌45种。本研究结果为北京市大型真菌的物种多样性保护以及资源利用提供了科学依据。

关键词: 新记录种, 特有种, 优势类群, 真菌区系, 经济真菌

Abstract

Aims: As the main component of ecosystem, macrofungi have important ecological functions and economic values. In this study, we aim to understand the species diversity, compositions, and resources of macrofungi in Beijing by performing comprehensive investigations, identifications, and analyses.

Methods: The macrofungal investigations were carried out in 2020-2022 by using line transect and random sampling methods. Specimens were identified by using morphological and molecular methods, and the complete list of macrofungi in Beijing was obtained based on both identification results and literature surveys. Species composition analyses, floristic geographical component analyses and resource evaluations were carried out based on the list by using statistical methods and literature surveying.

Results: A total of 5,448 specimens were collected, and 608 species were identified. The complete list of macrofungi in Beijing containing 619 species belong to 277 genera, 93 families, 22 orders, 6 classes, 2 phyla. Among all the species, 24 belong to Ascomycota, 595 belong to Basidiomycota, five were records new to China, 120 were new to Beijing. There were 19 dominant families with more than 10 species, accounting for 59.61% of the total species, including Agaricaceae, Polyporaceae, Psathyrellaceae, Russulaceae, Tricholomataceae, and so on. There were 33 dominant genera with more than 5 species, accounting for 38.13% of the total species, including Cortinarius, Gymnopus, Inocybe, Leucoagaricus, Russula, and so on. Cosmopolitan, north temperate, and pantropical genera accounted for 61.37%, 31.05%, and 5.42%, respectively. There were 71 edible, 43 medicinal, 22 poisonous, 45 both edible and medicinal fungi.

Conclusion: The species diversity of macrofungi in Beijing is high, and the economic resources are rich. The geographical composition of the flora reflects typical north temperate distribution characteristics. The species number of macrofungi in Beijing could be increased in the future since some large genera of mushrooms, such as, Cortinarius, Entoloma, Inocybe, Russula have not been sufficiently studied.

Key words: newly recorded species, endemic species, dominant taxa, funga, economic fungi

徐维启, 李玥, 李海蛟, 刘冬梅, 杨宁, 张琦, 何双辉 (2023) 北京市大型真菌物种多样性调查与资源评价. 生物多样性, 31, 23196. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023196.

Weiqi Xu, Yue Li, Haijiao Li, Dongmei Liu, Ning Yang, Qi Zhang, Shuanghui He (2023) Species diversity and resource evaluation of macrofungi in Beijing. Biodiversity Science, 31, 23196. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023196.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2023196

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2023/V31/I10/23196

图/表 5

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科 Family	属数 No. of genus	种数 No. of species	占总种数比例 Proportion of total species (%)	科 Family	属数 No. of genus	种数 No. of species	占总种数比例 Proportion of total species (%)
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	25	47	7.59	类脐菇科 Omphalotaceae	2	15	2.42
蘑菇科 Agaricaceae	12	31	5.01	隔孢伏革菌科 Peniophoraceae	7	15	2.42
口蘑科 Tricholomataceae	11	31	5.01	裂孔菌科 Schizoporaceae	6	14	2.26
红菇科 Russulaceae	2	29	4.68	拟层孔菌科 Fomitopsidaceae	5	13	2.10
小脆柄菇科 Psathyrellaceae	8	27	4.36	光柄菇科 Pluteaceae	3	13	2.10
原毛平革菌科 Phanerochaetaceae	10	24	3.88	泡头菌科 Physalacriaceae	7	11	1.78
锈革孔菌科 Hymenochaetaceae	14	22	3.55	球盖菇科 Strophariaceae	5	11	1.78
皱皮菌科 Meruliaceae	9	16	2.58	牛肝菌科 Boletaceae	8	10	1.62
丝盖伞科 Inocybaceae	3	15	2.42	丝膜菌科 Cortinariaceae	1	10	1.62
耙齿菌科 Irpicaceae	6	15	2.42	合计 Total	144	369	59.61

科 Family	属数 No. of genus	种数 No. of species	占总种数比例 Proportion of total species (%)	科 Family	属数 No. of genus	种数 No. of species	占总种数比例 Proportion of total species (%)
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	25	47	7.59	类脐菇科 Omphalotaceae	2	15	2.42
蘑菇科 Agaricaceae	12	31	5.01	隔孢伏革菌科 Peniophoraceae	7	15	2.42
口蘑科 Tricholomataceae	11	31	5.01	裂孔菌科 Schizoporaceae	6	14	2.26
红菇科 Russulaceae	2	29	4.68	拟层孔菌科 Fomitopsidaceae	5	13	2.10
小脆柄菇科 Psathyrellaceae	8	27	4.36	光柄菇科 Pluteaceae	3	13	2.10
原毛平革菌科 Phanerochaetaceae	10	24	3.88	泡头菌科 Physalacriaceae	7	11	1.78
锈革孔菌科 Hymenochaetaceae	14	22	3.55	球盖菇科 Strophariaceae	5	11	1.78
皱皮菌科 Meruliaceae	9	16	2.58	牛肝菌科 Boletaceae	8	10	1.62
丝盖伞科 Inocybaceae	3	15	2.42	丝膜菌科 Cortinariaceae	1	10	1.62
耙齿菌科 Irpicaceae	6	15	2.42	合计 Total	144	369	59.61

属 Genus	种数 No. of species	占总种数比例 Proportion of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 No. of species	占总种数比例 Proportion of total species (%)
红菇属 Russula	21	3.39	丝毛伏革菌属 Hyphoderma	6	0.97
裸脚伞属 Gymnopus	13	2.10	伏齿革菌属 Lyomyces	6	0.97
丝膜菌属 Cortinarius	10	1.62	小菇属 Mycena	6	0.97
丝盖伞属 Inocybe	9	1.45	栓孔菌属 Trametes	6	0.97
白环蘑属 Leucoagaricus	9	1.45	口蘑属 Tricholoma	6	0.97
隔孢伏革菌属 Peniophora	9	1.45	趋木齿菌属 Xylodon	6	0.97
原毛平革菌属 Phanerochaete	9	1.45	丽蘑属 Calocybe	5	0.81
光柄菇属 Pluteus	9	1.45	粉孢革菌属 Coniophora	5	0.81
黏滑菇属 Hebeloma	8	1.29	小鬼伞属 Coprinellus	5	0.81
乳菇属 Lactarius	8	1.29	拟鬼伞属 Coprinopsis	5	0.81
蘑菇属 Agaricus	7	1.13	靴耳属 Crepidotus	5	0.81
地星属 Geastrum	7	1.13	粉褶菌属 Entoloma	5	0.81
铦囊蘑属 Melanoleuca	7	1.13	拟层孔菌属 Fomitopsis	5	0.81
鹅膏属 Amanita	6	0.97	小皮伞属 Marasmius	5	0.81
黄盖小脆柄菇属 Candolleomyces	6	0.97	假盖伞属 Pseudosperma	5	0.81
无锁革菌属 Efibula	6	0.97	乳牛肝菌属 Suillus	5	0.81
马鞍菌属 Helvella	6	0.97	合计 Total	236	38.13

属 Genus	种数 No. of species	占总种数比例 Proportion of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 No. of species	占总种数比例 Proportion of total species (%)
红菇属 Russula	21	3.39	丝毛伏革菌属 Hyphoderma	6	0.97
裸脚伞属 Gymnopus	13	2.10	伏齿革菌属 Lyomyces	6	0.97
丝膜菌属 Cortinarius	10	1.62	小菇属 Mycena	6	0.97
丝盖伞属 Inocybe	9	1.45	栓孔菌属 Trametes	6	0.97
白环蘑属 Leucoagaricus	9	1.45	口蘑属 Tricholoma	6	0.97
隔孢伏革菌属 Peniophora	9	1.45	趋木齿菌属 Xylodon	6	0.97
原毛平革菌属 Phanerochaete	9	1.45	丽蘑属 Calocybe	5	0.81
光柄菇属 Pluteus	9	1.45	粉孢革菌属 Coniophora	5	0.81
黏滑菇属 Hebeloma	8	1.29	小鬼伞属 Coprinellus	5	0.81
乳菇属 Lactarius	8	1.29	拟鬼伞属 Coprinopsis	5	0.81
蘑菇属 Agaricus	7	1.13	靴耳属 Crepidotus	5	0.81
地星属 Geastrum	7	1.13	粉褶菌属 Entoloma	5	0.81
铦囊蘑属 Melanoleuca	7	1.13	拟层孔菌属 Fomitopsis	5	0.81
鹅膏属 Amanita	6	0.97	小皮伞属 Marasmius	5	0.81
黄盖小脆柄菇属 Candolleomyces	6	0.97	假盖伞属 Pseudosperma	5	0.81
无锁革菌属 Efibula	6	0.97	乳牛肝菌属 Suillus	5	0.81
马鞍菌属 Helvella	6	0.97	合计 Total	236	38.13

物种 Species	出现频次 Frequency	物种 Species	出现频次 Frequency
乳白耙齿菌 Irpex lacteus	191	融合小皮伞小孢变种 Marasmius confertus	40
裂褶菌 Schizophyllum commune	123	派氏拟射脉菌 Phlebiopsis pilatii	40
黄盖小脆柄菇属 Candolleomyces candolleanus	105	北京蘑菇 Agaricus beijingensis	39
晶粒小鬼伞 Coprinellus micaceus	93	撕裂耙齿菌 Irpex laceratus	39
膨大革孔菌 Coriolopsis strumosa	91	接骨木伏齿革菌 Lyomyces sambuci	39
硬毛栓菌 Trametes hirsuta	87	点柄乳牛肝菌 Suillus granulatus^*	39
角质木耳 Auricularia cornea	82	乳液黏革菌 Gloiothele lactescens	36
特罗格粗毛盖菌 Funalia trogii	79	亚裸裸伞 Gymnopus subnudus	36
苹果褐孔菌 Brunneoporus malicola	71	喜干铦囊蘑 Melanoleuca communis	36
冠状环柄菇 Lepiota cristata	63	变色栓菌 Trametes versicolor	36
银杏硬孔菌 Rigidoporus ginkgonis	60	树舌灵芝 Ganoderma applanatum	35
黄斑蘑菇 Agaricus xanthodermus	50	干小皮伞 Marasmius siccus	35
梨生多年卧孔菌 Perenniporia pyricola	49	费赖斯铦囊蘑 Melanoleuca friesii	35
结晶小隔孢伏革菌 Peniophorella crystallifera	48	枣红孔韧菌 Porostereum spadiceum	35
日本多年卧孔菌 Perenniporia japonica	44	一色齿毛菌 Cerrena unicolor	34
五棱散尾鬼笔 Lysurus mokusin^*	43	石榴嗜蓝孢孔菌 Fomitiporia punicata	34
中国根刺革菌 Rhizochaete chinensis	42	白漏斗辛格杯伞 Singerocybe alboinfundibuliformis	32
奇异齿脉菌 Lopharia mirabilis	40	血红色钉菇 Chroogomphus rutilus^*	30

北京市大型真菌物种多样性调查与资源评价

Species diversity and resource evaluation of macrofungi in Beijing

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