典型黑土区农田土壤线虫群落的纬度分布格局及其驱动机制

doi:10.17520/biods.2022269

生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (12): 22269. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022269

所属专题：土壤生物与土壤健康

典型黑土区农田土壤线虫群落的纬度分布格局及其驱动机制

刘萍¹, 刘红文¹^,², 张淼¹^,², 高燕¹^,², 张梦亭¹^,², 梁爱珍¹, 张士秀¹^,^*()

1.中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所黑土区农业生态重点实验室, 长春 130102
2.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2022-05-17 接受日期:2022-10-08 出版日期:2022-12-20 发布日期:2023-01-10
通讯作者: *E-mail: zhangshixiu@iga.ac.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA28020401);国家自然科学基金(42077046);国家自然科学基金(U20A2083);中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(2021228);中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所青年科学家小组项目(2022QNXZ04)

Latitude distribution and associated environmental factors of soil nematodes in a typical black soil region

Ping Liu¹, Hongwen Liu¹^,², Miao Zhang¹^,², Yan Gao¹^,², Mengting Zhang¹^,², Aizhen Liang¹, Shixiu Zhang¹^,^*()

1. Key Laboratory of Black Soils Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

Received:2022-05-17 Accepted:2022-10-08 Online:2022-12-20 Published:2023-01-10
Contact: *E-mail: zhangshixiu@iga.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

东北黑土区是保障我国粮食安全的重要土壤资源, 了解该区域内农田土壤线虫的群落组成及其对环境驱动因子的响应机制, 对于研究黑土区农田土壤生态系统的生物多样性分布格局具有重要意义。2018年9月, 我们在42°50°‒49°08° N的典型黑土区采集了93个农田土壤样品, 利用形态学鉴定技术分析了土壤线虫群落的组成与结构。共鉴定出47个线虫属(相对丰度 > 1%), 其中食细菌线虫中的拟丽突属(Acrobeloides)是典型黑土区农田土壤中的优势属(相对丰度 > 5%)。土壤线虫总丰富度和总多度均随纬度增加而显著增加, 然而类似的变化趋势只出现在食细菌和杂食/捕食线虫中。土壤有机碳是影响土壤线虫丰富度和多度最为重要的环境因子, 其次是月平均温度。典型黑土区农田土壤线虫群落结构以47° N为分界线分为南部和北部两类, 主要归因于线虫群落中植物寄生和杂食/捕食线虫的相对多度在南、北特征属中存在差异。土壤pH值和容重分别是影响南部与北部黑土区线虫群落最重要的环境因子。本研究明确了典型黑土区农田土壤线虫群落的纬度分布格局及其与环境因素的关系, 可为揭示农业活动干扰下土壤生物对环境因子的响应机制提供基础数据和理论参考。

关键词: 黑土区, 线虫, 纬度, 驱动机制, 土壤有机碳

Abstract

Aims: Northeast black soil is one of the most important agricultural resources in China. Understanding the spatial distribution of nematode communities as well as their influcing factors is of great importance for ensuring food security in China.
Methods: In September 2018, 31 farmland sampling sites were selected across the black soil region within the bounds of 42°50°-49°08° N, and 93 soil samples were collected. Soil nematode communities were identified by morphological identification.
Results: A total of 47 nematode genera (relative abundance > 1%) were identified. Across all samples, the bacterivores nematode Acrobloides was the most abundant (relative abundance > 5%). Species richness and abundance of nematode communities increased with latitude, but only among bacterivores and omnivores/predators nematodes. Soil organic carbon was the most important environmental factor affecting richness and abundance of soil nematodes in a typical black soil region, followed by monthly mean temperature. Soil nematode community structure in this region was divided into two categories: south and north, with a boundary at 47° N separating the two groups. This division was attributed mainly to the differences in the relative abundance of plant parasitic and omnivorous/predatory nematodes between the two areas. Soil pH value and bulk density were the most important factors influencing community structure in the south and north, respectively.
Conclusion: This study clarifies the relationship between environmental factors and nematode community structure, as well the geographical distribution of nematode communities in a typical black soil region. As such, it provides basic data and reference for the mechanism driving the character of soil biota under agricultural interference.

Key words: black soil, nematodes, latitude, driving factors, soil organic carbon

刘萍, 刘红文, 张淼, 高燕, 张梦亭, 梁爱珍, 张士秀 (2022) 典型黑土区农田土壤线虫群落的纬度分布格局及其驱动机制. 生物多样性, 30, 22269. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022269.

Ping Liu, Hongwen Liu, Miao Zhang, Yan Gao, Mengting Zhang, Aizhen Liang, Shixiu Zhang (2022) Latitude distribution and associated environmental factors of soil nematodes in a typical black soil region. Biodiversity Science, 30, 22269. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022269.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2022269

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2022/V30/I12/22269

图/表 6

图1 典型黑土区23个玉米农田样点分布图

Fig. 1 Distribution of 23 farmland sample plots with corn in the typical black soil region

图2 典型黑土区农田土壤线虫丰富度(a-e)与多度(f-j)沿纬度分布。阴影部分为95%的置信区间。

Fig. 2 The relationship between latitude and the richness (a-e) and abundance (f-j) of soil nematodes community in farmland of the typical black soil region. The shaded areas are 95% confidence intervals.

表1 典型黑土区土壤线虫丰富度和多度的环境因素影响重要性排序表

Table 1 The importance ranking of environmental factors affecting soil nematode richness and abundance in the typical black soil region

丰富度 Richness	环境因子 Environmental factors	%IncMSE	显著性 Significance	多度 Abundance	环境因子 Environmental factors	%IncMSE	显著性 Significance
Total R	SOC	8.76	**	Total A	SOC	8.53	**
	pH	8.23	*		MMR	6.21	*
	MMT	6.52	*		MMT	5.59	*
Ba R	SOC	12.58	**	Ba A	SOC	9.42	**
	pH	11.98	**		MMR	6.50	*
	MMT	8.73	**		MMT	5.40
PP R	MMT	6.83	*	Fu A	CC	8.38	**
	SOC	3.48			MMR	6.29	*
	SBD	2.90			MMT	4.94
OP R	MMT	8.42	**	OP A	SOC	9.53	**
	SOC	7.68	**		SM	5.71
	DOC	6.99	*		pH	4.80

图3 典型黑土区土壤线虫群落差异响应图。A: 典型黑土区农田土壤线虫群落聚类分析图; B: 典型黑土区南部与北部土壤线虫特征属差异(似然比检验, P < 0.05, FDR校正), 红色与蓝色虚线方框内分别为典型黑土区南部与北部线虫特征属名, 功能群后的数字代表线虫的c-p值。Ba: 食细菌线虫; Fu: 食真菌线虫; PP: 植物寄生线虫; OP: 杂食/捕食线虫; South: 南部特征属线虫群落; None: 无统计学差异线虫群落; North: 北部特征属线虫群落。CT1: 昌图一; CT2: 昌图二; LS1: 梨树一; LS2: 梨树二; GZL: 公主岭; CC1: 长春; DH: 德惠; YS: 榆树; SC: 双城; HEB: 哈尔滨; HL1: 呼兰; BY: 巴彦; SH: 绥化; SL: 绥棱; HL: 海伦; BQ: 拜泉; BA: 北安; KD: 克东; NH1: 讷河一; NH2: 讷河二; WDLC1: 五大连池一; WDLC2: 五大连池二; NJ: 嫩江。

Fig. 3 Differential response map of soil nematode community in the typical black soil region. A, Cluster analysis of soil nematode community in farmland of the typical black soil region; B, Characteristic genus of soil nematodes in northern and southern typical black soil regions (likelihood ratio test, P < 0.05, FDR corrected). The name of characteristic genus and their c-p values were listed in the adjacent red and blue dashed line boxes on the right. Ba, Bacterivores; Fu, Fungivores; PP, Plant parasites; OP, Omnivores/predators; South, Nematode community of southern characteristic genus; None, Nematode community with no statistical difference; North, Nematode community of northern characteristic genus. CT1, Changtu1; CT2, Changtu2; LS1, Lishu1; LS2, Lishu2; GZL, Gongzhuling; CC1, Changchun; DH, Dehui; YS, Yushu; SC, Shuangcheng; HEB, Harbin; HL1, Hulan; BY, Bayan; SH, Suihua; SL, Suileng; HL, Hailun; BQ, Baiquan; BA, Bei’an; KD, Kedong; NH1, Nehe1; NH2, Nehe2; WDLC1, Wudalianchi1; WDLC2, Wudalianchi2; NJ, Nenjiang.

图4 典型黑土区土壤线虫营养类群相对多度箱线图。A: 典型黑土区南部与北部线虫群落营养类群相对多度差异; B: 典型黑土区土壤线虫南部与北部特征属线虫群落营养类群相对多度差异。S13代表南部的13个样点, N10代表北部的10个样点。Ba: 食细菌线虫; Fu: 食真菌线虫; PP: 植物寄生线虫; OP: 杂食/捕食线虫。

Fig. 4 Box plot of the relative abundance of soil nematode trophic groups in the typical black soil region. A, Differences in the relative abundance of trophic groups of overall nematode community between southern and northern typical black soil regions; B, Differences in the relative abundance of trophic groups of soil nematode characteristic genera community between southern and northern typical black soil regions. S13 represents 13 samples in the south, and N10 represents 10 samples in the north. Ba, Bacterivores; Fu, Fungivores; PP, Plant parasites; OP, Omnivores/predators.

表2 典型黑土区南部与北部线虫群落结构和特征属群落结构的环境因素影响重要性排序表

Table 2 The importance ranking of environmental factors affecting the nematode and characteristic genus community structure in southern and northern typical black soil regions

线虫群落结构 Nematode community structure	环境因子 Environmental factors	%IncMSE	显著性 Significance	特征属线虫群落结构 Characteristic genus community structure	环境因子 Environmental factors	%IncMSE	显著性 Significance
南部13个样点 13 samples in the south (S13)	pH	11.73	**	S13	CC	15.36	**
	CC	10.68	**		pH	12.30	**
	DOC	10.49	**		SOC	11.11	**
北部10个样点 10 samples in the north (N10)	SBD	13.04	**	N10	MMT	14.20	**
	SOC	12.65	**		SBD	13.07	**
	pH	9.42	**		MMR	11.57	**

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典型黑土区农田土壤线虫群落的纬度分布格局及其驱动机制

Latitude distribution and associated environmental factors of soil nematodes in a typical black soil region

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