生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (11): 22173. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022173 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2022173
所属专题: 美丽中国建设
张立博1, 李春荣2, 陈国远2, 刘方正1, 罗建武1, 周越1, 冯春婷1, 王伟1,*()
收稿日期:
2022-04-08
接受日期:
2022-08-23
出版日期:
2022-11-20
发布日期:
2022-11-09
通讯作者:
王伟
作者简介:
E-mail: wang.wei@craes.org.cn基金资助:
Libo Zhang1, Chunrong Li2, Guoyuan Chen2, Fangzheng Liu1, Jianwu Luo1, Yue Zhou1, Chunting Feng1, Wei Wang1,*()
Received:
2022-04-08
Accepted:
2022-08-23
Online:
2022-11-20
Published:
2022-11-09
Contact:
Wei Wang
摘要:
近年来我国风力发电发展迅速, 已有研究发现风电工程会对鸟类多样性产生不同程度的影响。然而, 过去的研究多以区域内鸟类常规调查为主, 未直接对风机致死鸟类进行长期系统的调查监测, 也未进一步探究风机致死可能的方式和原因, 从而难以根据风机致死鸟类的实际情况提出有针对性的防范措施和应对方法。本文以江苏盐城滨海地区风电场为例, 基于2020年10月至2021年9月共22次连续的调查监测, 应用尸体搜索法调查了研究区域内风机致死鸟类的情况。结果表明: (1)风机下发现的死亡鸟类有8目10科12种, 死亡鸟类主要为留鸟或已在研究区域内繁殖的种类, 占死亡鸟类种类的66.7%; (2)风机下共发现死亡鸟类41只, 环颈雉(Phasianus colchicus)死亡数量最多, 有19只, 大部分位于农田及农田防护林中; 夜鹭(Nycticorax nycticorax)和白鹭(Egretta garzetta)死亡数量也较多, 共11只, 主要位于鱼塘中; (3)通过对风机下死亡鸟类的情况分析发现, 在风机基座比风机扇叶造成的碰撞致死情况多。最后, 本文提出了减缓风机对鸟类影响的措施和建议, 包括持续开展鸟类监测, 及时开展风机下生境的治理, 加强鸟类相关驱避技术装备研发等, 为我国风电与生态环境保护之间的协调发展提供参考。
张立博, 李春荣, 陈国远, 刘方正, 罗建武, 周越, 冯春婷, 王伟 (2022) 江苏盐城滨海地区风机对鸟类的影响. 生物多样性, 30, 22173. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022173.
Libo Zhang, Chunrong Li, Guoyuan Chen, Fangzheng Liu, Jianwu Luo, Yue Zhou, Chunting Feng, Wei Wang (2022) Impact of wind turbines on birds in the coastal area of Yancheng, Jiangsu, China. Biodiversity Science, 30, 22173. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022173.
物种名 Species name | 居留类型 Resident type | 中国红色名录濒危等级 China red list endangerment level | 国家重点保护物种等级 Level of key protected wild animals in China | 死亡鸟类数量 Number of dead birds | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R | S | W | P | * | ||||
白腹鸫 Turdus pallidus | + | + | LC | - | 1 | |||
白鹭 Egretta garzetta | + | + | + | + | LC | - | 5 | |
鹗 Pandion haliaetus | + | + | NT | Ⅱ | 1 | |||
灰背鸫 Turdus hortulorum | + | LC | - | 1 | ||||
喜鹊 Pica pica | + | + | LC | - | 1 | |||
蓝翡翠 Halcyon pileata | + | LC | - | 1 | ||||
珠颈斑鸠 Streptopelia chinensis | + | + | LC | - | 3 | |||
棕背伯劳 Lanius schach | + | + | LC | - | 1 | |||
夜鹭 Nycticorax nycticorax | + | + | + | LC | - | 6 | ||
环颈雉 Phasianus colchicus | + | + | LC | - | 19 | |||
红角鸮 Otus sunia | + | + | LC | Ⅱ | 1 | |||
黑水鸡 Gallinula chloropus | + | + | LC | - | 1 |
表1 死亡鸟类种类及数量统计表
Table 1 Species and number of dead birds
物种名 Species name | 居留类型 Resident type | 中国红色名录濒危等级 China red list endangerment level | 国家重点保护物种等级 Level of key protected wild animals in China | 死亡鸟类数量 Number of dead birds | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R | S | W | P | * | ||||
白腹鸫 Turdus pallidus | + | + | LC | - | 1 | |||
白鹭 Egretta garzetta | + | + | + | + | LC | - | 5 | |
鹗 Pandion haliaetus | + | + | NT | Ⅱ | 1 | |||
灰背鸫 Turdus hortulorum | + | LC | - | 1 | ||||
喜鹊 Pica pica | + | + | LC | - | 1 | |||
蓝翡翠 Halcyon pileata | + | LC | - | 1 | ||||
珠颈斑鸠 Streptopelia chinensis | + | + | LC | - | 3 | |||
棕背伯劳 Lanius schach | + | + | LC | - | 1 | |||
夜鹭 Nycticorax nycticorax | + | + | + | LC | - | 6 | ||
环颈雉 Phasianus colchicus | + | + | LC | - | 19 | |||
红角鸮 Otus sunia | + | + | LC | Ⅱ | 1 | |||
黑水鸡 Gallinula chloropus | + | + | LC | - | 1 |
生境类型 Habitat type | 风机点位数量 Number of wind turbine sites | 死亡鸟类数量 Number of dead birds | 每个风机点位平均死亡鸟类数量 Average number of dead birds per wind turbine site |
---|---|---|---|
农田 Farmland | 20 | 19 | 0.95 |
农田防护林 Farmland shelterbelt | 5 | 7 | 1.4 |
鱼塘 Fishpond | 15 | 15 | 1 |
滩涂 Mudflat | 10 | 0 | 0 |
表2 不同生境类型风机点位和死亡鸟类数量
Table 2 Number of wind turbine sites and dead birds in different habitat type
生境类型 Habitat type | 风机点位数量 Number of wind turbine sites | 死亡鸟类数量 Number of dead birds | 每个风机点位平均死亡鸟类数量 Average number of dead birds per wind turbine site |
---|---|---|---|
农田 Farmland | 20 | 19 | 0.95 |
农田防护林 Farmland shelterbelt | 5 | 7 | 1.4 |
鱼塘 Fishpond | 15 | 15 | 1 |
滩涂 Mudflat | 10 | 0 | 0 |
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