江苏盐城滨海地区风机对鸟类的影响

doi:10.17520/biods.2022173

生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (11): 22173. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022173 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2022173

所属专题：美丽中国建设

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

江苏盐城滨海地区风机对鸟类的影响

张立博¹, 李春荣², 陈国远², 刘方正¹, 罗建武¹, 周越¹, 冯春婷¹, 王伟¹^,^*()

1.中国环境科学研究院生态研究所, 北京 100012
2.江苏盐城国家级珍禽自然保护区管理处, 江苏盐城 224002

收稿日期:2022-04-08 接受日期:2022-08-23 出版日期:2022-11-20 发布日期:2022-11-09
通讯作者: 王伟
作者简介:* E-mail: wang.wei@craes.org.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFF1301405)

Impact of wind turbines on birds in the coastal area of Yancheng, Jiangsu, China

Libo Zhang¹, Chunrong Li², Guoyuan Chen², Fangzheng Liu¹, Jianwu Luo¹, Yue Zhou¹, Chunting Feng¹, Wei Wang¹^,^*()

1. Institute of Ecology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012
2. Yancheng National Rare Waterfowls Nature Reserve in Yancheng, Jiangsu 224002

Received:2022-04-08 Accepted:2022-08-23 Online:2022-11-20 Published:2022-11-09
Contact: Wei Wang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来我国风力发电发展迅速, 已有研究发现风电工程会对鸟类多样性产生不同程度的影响。然而, 过去的研究多以区域内鸟类常规调查为主, 未直接对风机致死鸟类进行长期系统的调查监测, 也未进一步探究风机致死可能的方式和原因, 从而难以根据风机致死鸟类的实际情况提出有针对性的防范措施和应对方法。本文以江苏盐城滨海地区风电场为例, 基于2020年10月至2021年9月共22次连续的调查监测, 应用尸体搜索法调查了研究区域内风机致死鸟类的情况。结果表明: (1)风机下发现的死亡鸟类有8目10科12种, 死亡鸟类主要为留鸟或已在研究区域内繁殖的种类, 占死亡鸟类种类的66.7%; (2)风机下共发现死亡鸟类41只, 环颈雉(Phasianus colchicus)死亡数量最多, 有19只, 大部分位于农田及农田防护林中; 夜鹭(Nycticorax nycticorax)和白鹭(Egretta garzetta)死亡数量也较多, 共11只, 主要位于鱼塘中; (3)通过对风机下死亡鸟类的情况分析发现, 在风机基座比风机扇叶造成的碰撞致死情况多。最后, 本文提出了减缓风机对鸟类影响的措施和建议, 包括持续开展鸟类监测, 及时开展风机下生境的治理, 加强鸟类相关驱避技术装备研发等, 为我国风电与生态环境保护之间的协调发展提供参考。

关键词: 风机, 鸟撞, 致死原因, 监测, 减缓措施

Abstract

Aims: In recent years, wind power generation has been developing rapidly in China, and studies have found that wind power projects have varifying degrees of impact on bird diversity. However, previous studies primarily adopted traditional survey methods of birds in the region, without conducting long-term systematic monitoring of birds killed by wind turbines. Little is known about the possible causes of wind turbine mortality. Thus, it is difficult to propose targeted mitigation measures based on the actual causes of birds being killed by wind turbines.

Methods: In this paper, our study area was the wind turbines factory in the coastal area of Yancheng, Jiangsu Province. The carcass search method was applied to investigate the wind turbine mortality of birds in the study area. We conducted a total of 22 consecutive surveys from October 2020 to September 2021 to explored bird mortality from wind turbines.

Results: (1) There were 12 species in 8 orders and 10 families that were found dead under the wind turbines. The dead birds were primarily native birds or species that breed in the region, accounting for 66.7% of the dead bird species. (2) A total of 41 dead birds were found under the wind turbines. The most common were ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) at 19 individuals, which were generally found in farmland or agricultural protection forest. Dead night herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) and egrets (Egretta garzetta) were also common, with 6 and 5 individuals found, respectively, and were generally found in near fishponds. (3) Based on the injuries of the dead birds, it was concluded that the bases of the wind turbines caused more collisions resulting in death than the fan blades.

Conclusion: According to our study, we proposed the following suggestions to mitigate the impact of wind turbines on birds. These suggestions include continuous bird monitoring, controlling habitats under wind turbines, and strengthening the research and development of bird-related repellent technology and equipment. We hope this study can provide a reference for the coordinated development between wind power and ecological environmental protection in China.

Key words: wind turbines, bird collisions, causes of mortality, monitoring, mitigating measures

张立博, 李春荣, 陈国远, 刘方正, 罗建武, 周越, 冯春婷, 王伟 (2022) 江苏盐城滨海地区风机对鸟类的影响. 生物多样性, 30, 22173. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022173.

Libo Zhang, Chunrong Li, Guoyuan Chen, Fangzheng Liu, Jianwu Luo, Yue Zhou, Chunting Feng, Wei Wang (2022) Impact of wind turbines on birds in the coastal area of Yancheng, Jiangsu, China. Biodiversity Science, 30, 22173. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022173.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2022173

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2022/V30/I11/22173

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参考文献 26

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物种名 Species name	居留类型 Resident type					中国红色名录濒危等级 China red list endangerment level	国家重点保护物种等级 Level of key protected wild animals in China	死亡鸟类数量 Number of dead birds
物种名 Species name	R	S	W	P	*	中国红色名录濒危等级 China red list endangerment level	国家重点保护物种等级 Level of key protected wild animals in China	死亡鸟类数量 Number of dead birds
白腹鸫 Turdus pallidus			+	+		LC	-	1
白鹭 Egretta garzetta		+	+	+	+	LC	-	5
鹗 Pandion haliaetus			+	+		NT	Ⅱ	1
灰背鸫 Turdus hortulorum				+		LC	-	1
喜鹊 Pica pica	+				+	LC	-	1
蓝翡翠 Halcyon pileata				+		LC	-	1
珠颈斑鸠 Streptopelia chinensis	+				+	LC	-	3
棕背伯劳 Lanius schach	+				+	LC	-	1
夜鹭 Nycticorax nycticorax		+	+		+	LC	-	6
环颈雉 Phasianus colchicus	+				+	LC	-	19
红角鸮 Otus sunia	+				+	LC	Ⅱ	1
黑水鸡 Gallinula chloropus		+			+	LC	-	1

物种名 Species name	居留类型 Resident type					中国红色名录濒危等级 China red list endangerment level	国家重点保护物种等级 Level of key protected wild animals in China	死亡鸟类数量 Number of dead birds
物种名 Species name	R	S	W	P	*	中国红色名录濒危等级 China red list endangerment level	国家重点保护物种等级 Level of key protected wild animals in China	死亡鸟类数量 Number of dead birds
白腹鸫 Turdus pallidus			+	+		LC	-	1
白鹭 Egretta garzetta		+	+	+	+	LC	-	5
鹗 Pandion haliaetus			+	+		NT	Ⅱ	1
灰背鸫 Turdus hortulorum				+		LC	-	1
喜鹊 Pica pica	+				+	LC	-	1
蓝翡翠 Halcyon pileata				+		LC	-	1
珠颈斑鸠 Streptopelia chinensis	+				+	LC	-	3
棕背伯劳 Lanius schach	+				+	LC	-	1
夜鹭 Nycticorax nycticorax		+	+		+	LC	-	6
环颈雉 Phasianus colchicus	+				+	LC	-	19
红角鸮 Otus sunia	+				+	LC	Ⅱ	1
黑水鸡 Gallinula chloropus		+			+	LC	-	1

生境类型 Habitat type	风机点位数量 Number of wind turbine sites	死亡鸟类数量 Number of dead birds	每个风机点位平均死亡鸟类数量 Average number of dead birds per wind turbine site
农田 Farmland	20	19	0.95
农田防护林 Farmland shelterbelt	5	7	1.4
鱼塘 Fishpond	15	15	1
滩涂 Mudflat	10	0	0

生境类型 Habitat type	风机点位数量 Number of wind turbine sites	死亡鸟类数量 Number of dead birds	每个风机点位平均死亡鸟类数量 Average number of dead birds per wind turbine site
农田 Farmland	20	19	0.95
农田防护林 Farmland shelterbelt	5	7	1.4
鱼塘 Fishpond	15	15	1
滩涂 Mudflat	10	0	0

江苏盐城滨海地区风机对鸟类的影响

Impact of wind turbines on birds in the coastal area of Yancheng, Jiangsu, China

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