生物多样性 ›› 2017, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (5): 531-539. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017022
宋亚琼1,3,#, 刘芝龙1#, Sophie Willian1, 高江云2,*()
收稿日期:
2017-01-21
接受日期:
2017-03-09
出版日期:
2017-05-20
发布日期:
2017-06-06
通讯作者:
宋亚琼,高江云
基金资助:
Yaqiong Song1,3,#, Zhilong Liu1#, Sophie Willian1, Jiangyun Gao2,*()
Received:
2017-01-21
Accepted:
2017-03-09
Online:
2017-05-20
Published:
2017-06-06
Contact:
Song Yaqiong,Gao Jiangyun
摘要:
西双版纳是我国兰科植物多样性的热点地区之一。本文对该地区6个主要的集贸市场开展了为期1年(每月1次)的兰科植物贸易调查, 以了解该地区野生兰科植物采集和贸易的特点及趋势, 为兰科植物的有效保护提供依据。本次调查共记录到兰科植物38属107种, 87.9%的种类为附生兰, 除铁皮石斛(Dendrobium officinale)外, 其余均为野生采集。在记录到的106种野生采集的兰科植物中, 93.4%为西双版纳原生分布种, 约占该地区野生兰科植物总数的1/4, 但大多数种类的记录频次都很低, 记录频次在10次以上的仅有14种, 说明该地区兰科植物的采集和贸易在种类上具有一定的普遍性和随意性。市场上的兰花售卖者大多数都为当地居民, 他们将采集和出售兰花作为经济收入的来源和部分补充。本次调查没有发现跨边境兰花的采集和贸易。西双版纳兰科植物的贸易具有明显的传统性、地域性和季节性, 4-6月为兰花贸易的高峰期。石斛属(Dendrobium)植物是最主要的贸易对象, 共记录到35种, 占总数的32.7%, 记录频次最多的种类也都是石斛属植物。本地区药用石斛人工集约化栽培的快速发展并没有减少对野生石斛的采集, 反而在一定程度上刺激和促进了市场上的野生石斛贸易。通过对兰花贸易特点的分析, 我们针对该地区兰科植物的有效保护提出了针对性的建议, 包括应尽快制定和颁布地方性的法律法规, 维护和传承本地区传统的植物文化, 对古茶园和龙山林等进行持续的保护和采用传统方式管理, 开展有针对性的公众教育和宣传来提高公众的保护意识, 以及大力发展药用石斛的生态栽培, 使更多的当地居民参与其中, 并获得收益, 从而减少对野生资源的采集。
宋亚琼, 刘芝龙, Sophie Willian, 高江云 (2017) 西双版纳兰科植物集市贸易特点和保护启示. 生物多样性, 25, 531-539. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017022.
Yaqiong Song, Zhilong Liu, Sophie Willian, Jiangyun Gao (2017) Characteristics of the orchid trade at public markets and implications for conservation in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China. Biodiversity Science, 25, 531-539. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017022.
集贸市场 Markets | 属数 Number of genera | 种数 Number of species |
---|---|---|
i | 14 | 35 |
ii | 14 | 29 |
iii | 34 | 91 |
iv | 10 | 20 |
v | 7 | 29 |
vi | 1 | 5 |
表1 西双版纳6个集贸市场销售的兰花种属组成
Table 1 Number of orchid genera and species identified at six targeted markets in Xishuangbanna
集贸市场 Markets | 属数 Number of genera | 种数 Number of species |
---|---|---|
i | 14 | 35 |
ii | 14 | 29 |
iii | 34 | 91 |
iv | 10 | 20 |
v | 7 | 29 |
vi | 1 | 5 |
图4 西双版纳不同利用价值贸易兰科植物的记录频次(平均值±标准误差)。不同字母表示相互间差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Fig. 4 Record frequency of trade orchids with different utility values (Mean ± SE) in Xishuangbanna. Values with different letters are significantly different (P < 0.05).
[1] | Baillie JEM, Hilton-Taylor C, Stuart SN (2004) 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: A Global Species Assessment. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. |
[2] | Broad S, Mulliken T, Roe D (2003) The nature and extend of legal and illegal trade in wildlife. In: The Trade in Wildlife: Regulation for Conservation (ed. Oldfield S), pp. 3-22. Earthscan Publications, London . |
[3] | Brooks EGE, Roberton SI, Bell DJ (2010) The conservation impact of commercial wildlife farming of porcupines in Vietnam. Biological Conservation, 143, 2808-2814. |
[4] | Bulte EH, Damania R (2005) An economic assessment of wildlife farming and conservation. Conservation Biology, 19, 1222-1233. |
[5] | Chase MW, Cameron KM, Freudenstein JV, Pridgeon AM, Salazar G, Berg C, Schuiteman A (2015) An updated classification of Orchidaceae. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 177, 151-174. |
[6] | Cribb PJ, Kell SP, Dixon KW, Barrett RL (2003) Orchid conservation: a global perspective. In: Orchid Conservation (eds Dixon KW, Kell SP, Barrett RL, Cribb PJ), pp. 1-24. Natural History Publications, Kota Kinabalu , Sabah. |
[7] | Dutton AJ, Hepburn C, Macdonald DW (2011) A stated preference investigation into the Chinese demand for farmed vs. wild bear. PLoS ONE, 6, e21243. |
[8] | Eriksson H, Clarke S (2015) Chinese market responses to over exploitation of sharks and sea cucumbers. Biology Conservation, 184, 163-173. |
[9] | Gao JY, Liu Q, Yu DL (2014) Orchids of Xishuangbanna: Diversity and Conservation. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
[高江云, 刘强, 余东莉 (2014) 西双版纳的兰科植物多样性和保护. 中国林业出版社, 北京.] | |
[10] | Gratwicke B, Mills J, Dutton A, Gabriel G, Long B, Seidensticker J, Wright B, You W, Zhang L (2008) Attitudes toward consumption and conservation of tigers in China. PLoS ONE, 3, e2544. |
[11] | Hágsater E, Dumont V (1996) Conservation threats. In: Orchids: Status, Survey, and Conservation Action Plan (ed. Prindgeon AM), pp. 6-9. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. |
[12] | Hinsley A, Lee TE, Harrison JR, Roberts DL (2016) Estimating the extend and structure of trade in horticultural orchids via social media. Conservation Biology, 30, 1038-1047. |
[13] | Huang H, Shao SC, Gao JY (2016) Effects of different endophytic fungi on seedling growth of Dendrobium devonianum. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica, 41, 2019-2024. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[黄晖, 邵士成, 高江云 (2016) 不同内生真菌对齿瓣石斛幼苗生长的效应. 中国中药杂志, 41, 2019-2024. ] | |
[14] | Lau MWN, Shi HT (2000) Conservation and trade of terrestrial and freshwater turtles and tortoises in the People’s Republic of China. In: Asian Turtle Trade: Proceedings of a Workshop on Conservation and Trade of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises in Asia (eds van Dijk PP, Stuart BL, Rhodin AGJ), pp. 30-38. Chelonian Research Monographs. Lunenburg, Massachusetts. |
[15] | Li YB, Wei ZY, Zou Y, Fan DY, Xie JF (2010) Survey of illegal smuggles of wildlife in Guangxi. Chinese Journal of Wildlife, 31, 280-284. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[李友邦, 韦振逸, 邹异, 范丁一, 谢菊芳 (2010) 广西野生动物非法利用和走私的种类初步调查. 野生动物, 31, 280-284.] | |
[16] | Liu H, Luo YB, Heinen J, Bhat M, Liu ZJ (2014) Eat your orchid and have it too: a potentially new conservation formula for Chinese epiphytic medicinal orchids. Biodiversity and Conservation, 23, 1215-1228. |
[17] | Liu Q, Chen J, Corlett RT, Fan XL, Yu DL, Yang HP, Gao JY (2015) Orchid conservation in the biodiversity hotspot of southwestern China. Conservation Biology, 29, 1563-1572. |
[18] | Luo YB, Jia JS, Wang CL (2003) A general review of the conservation status of Chinese orchids. Biodiversity Science, 11, 70-77. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[罗毅波, 贾建生, 王春玲 (2003) 中国兰科植物保育的现状和展望. 生物多样性, 11, 70-77.] | |
[19] | Pharmacopoeia Committee of the People’s Republic of China(2010)Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China. China Medical Science and Technology Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
[国家药典委员会(2010) 中华人民共和国药典. 中国医药科技出版社, 北京.] | |
[20] | Phelps J, Carrasco LR, Webb EL (2014) A framework for assessing supply-side wildlife conservation. Conservation Biology, 28, 244-257. |
[21] | Phelps J (2015) A Blooming Trade: Illegal Trade of Ornamental Orchids in mainland Southeast Asia (Thailand, Lao PDR, Myanmar). TRAFFIC. Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malay. |
[22] | Phelps J, Webb EL (2015) “Invisible” wildlife trades: Southeast Asia’s undocumented illegal trade in wild ornamental plants. Biological Conservation, 186, 296-305. |
[23] | Pillon Y, Chase MW (2007) Taxonomic exaggeration and its effects on orchid conservation. Conservation Biology, 21, 263-265. |
[24] | Swarts ND, Dixon KW (2009) Terrestrial orchid conservation in the age of extinction. Annals of Botany, 104, 543-556. |
[25] | Tang Z, Wang Z, Zheng C, Fang J (2006) Biodiversity in China’s mountains. Frontiers in Ecology and the Enironment, 4, 347-352. |
[26] | Wang S, Xie Y (2004) China Species Red List, Vol. 1: Red List. Higher Education Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
[汪松, 解焱 (2004) 中国物种红色名录(第1卷): 红色名录. 高等教育出版社, 北京.] | |
[27] | Wilkie DS, Godoy RA (2001) Income and price elasticities of bushmeat demand in lowland Amerindian societies. Conservation Biology, 15, 761-769. |
[28] | Williams SJ, Jones JPG, Clubbe C, Sharrock S, Gibbons JM (2012) Why are some biodiversity policies implemented and others ignored? Lessons from the uptake of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation by botanic gardens. Biodiversity Conservation, 21, 175-187. |
[29] | Xu ZF, Liu HM (1995) Plam leaves Buddhism Sutra culture of Xishuangbanna Dai and plant diversity conservation. Chinese Biodiversity, 3, 174-179. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[许再富, 刘宏茂 (1995) 西双版纳傣族贝叶文化与植物多样性保护. 生物多样性, 3, 174-179.] | |
[30] | Yu DL, Liu Q (2008) Biodiversity assessment and conservation strategies for wild orchid plants in Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve. Forest Inventory and Planning, 33(6), 27-29. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[余东莉, 刘强 (2008) 西双版纳国家级自然保护区野生兰科植物多样性评价及保护对策. 林业调查规划, 33(6), 27-29.] | |
[31] | Zhang YB, Du HD, Jin XH, Ma KP (2015) Species diversity and geographic distribution of Orchidaceae in China. Chinese Science Bulletin, 60, 179-188. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[张殷波, 杜昊东, 金效华, 马克平 (2015) 中国野生兰科植物物种多样性与地理分布. 科学通报, 60, 179-188.] | |
[32] | Zhang ZJ, Yan YJ, Tian Y, Li JS, He JS, Tang ZY (2015) Distribution and conservation of orchid species richness in China. Biological Conservation, 181, 64-72. |
[33] | Zhou X, Liu Q, Han JY, Gao JY (2016) Different pollination assemblages ensure reproductive success of Cleisostoma linearilobatum (Orchidaceae) in fragmented holy hill forest and traditional tea garden. Scientific Reports, 6, 21435. |
[34] | Zhou ZH, Jiang ZG (2005) Features and impacting factors on trade of wildlife. Biodiversity Science, 13, 462-471. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[周志华, 蒋志刚 (2005) 野生动植物贸易活动的特点及影响因子研究. 生物多样性, 13, 462-471.] | |
[35] | Zhu H, Yan LC (2012) Native Seed Plants in Xishuangbanna of Yunnan. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
[朱华, 闫丽春 (2012) 云南西双版纳野生种子植物, 科学出版社, 北京.] | |
[36] | Zi XM, Gao JY (2014) Effect of different fungi on symbiotic seed germination of two Dendrobium species. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica, 39, 3238-3244. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[字肖萌, 高江云 (2014) 不同真菌对2种药用石斛种子共生萌发的效应. 中国中药杂志, 39, 3238-3244.] | |
[37] | Zi XM, Sheng CL, Goodale MU, Shao SC, Gao JY (2014) In situ seed baiting to isolate germination-enhancing fungi for an epiphytic orchid, Dendrobium aphyllum (Orchidaceae). Mycorrhiza, 24, 487-499. |
[1] | 钟超, 廖亚琴, 刘伟杰, 隋昊志, 陈清华. 广东沿海海草床的现状、面临的威胁与保护建议[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(2): 23201-. |
[2] | 所翟, 俞渃茜, 李媛辉, 徐基良. 基于实证分析的中国自然保护区地方立法问题检视和优化路径[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(2): 23287-. |
[3] | 杜宇晨, 刘蓓萌, 陈俊峰, 王浩, 谢屹. 基于结构方程模型的农户保护意愿影响因素分析:以东北虎豹国家公园珲春片区为例[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(1): 23155-. |
[4] | 刘彩莲, 张雄, 樊恩源, 王松林, 姜艳, 林柏岸, 房璐, 李玉强, 刘乐彬, 刘敏. 中国海域海马的物种多样性、生态特征及保护建议[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(1): 23282-. |
[5] | 韩丽霞, 王永健, 刘宣. 外来物种入侵与本土物种分布区扩张的异同[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(1): 23396-. |
[6] | 任海, 何拓, 文世峰, 董晖. 中国特色、世界一流国家植物园的主要特征[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(9): 23192-. |
[7] | 文世峰, 周志华, 何拓, 董晖, 袁良琛, 卢泽洋, 王泳腾, 郭琳, 舒江平, 李开凡. 《国家植物园体系布局方案》编制背景、程序、思路和重点考虑[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(9): 23193-. |
[8] | 冯晨, 张洁, 黄宏文. 统筹植物就地保护与迁地保护的解决方案: 植物并地保护(parallel situ conservation)[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(9): 23184-. |
[9] | 崔国发. 关于自然保护地整合优化工作中几个关键问题的讨论与建议[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(9): 22447-. |
[10] | 朱建国, 王林, 任国鹏. 《国家重点保护野生动物名录》调整的评估方法探讨[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(8): 23045-. |
[11] | 钟欣艺, 赵凡, 姚雪, 吴雨茹, 许银, 鱼舜尧, 林静芸, 郝建锋. 三星堆遗址城墙不同维护措施下草本植物物种多样性与土壤抗冲性的关系[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(8): 23169-. |
[12] | 杜红. “物种”与“个体”: 究竟谁是生物多样性保护的恰当对象?[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(8): 23140-. |
[13] | 廖美哲, 张宗文, 白可喻. 中国农业生态系统多样性保护研究现状与展望[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(7): 23017-. |
[14] | 邢超, 林依, 周智强, 赵联军, 蒋仕伟, 林蓁蓁, 徐基良, 詹祥江. 基于DNA条形码技术构建王朗国家级自然保护区陆生脊椎动物遗传资源数据库及物种鉴定[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(7): 22661-. |
[15] | 苏荣菲, 陈睿山, 郭晓娜. 城市社区更新中生物多样性的保护策略: 以上海市长宁区生境花园为例[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(7): 23118-. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||
备案号:京ICP备16067583号-7
Copyright © 2022 版权所有 《生物多样性》编辑部
地址: 北京香山南辛村20号, 邮编:100093
电话: 010-62836137, 62836665 E-mail: biodiversity@ibcas.ac.cn