
生物多样性 ›› 2017, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (5): 504-512. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016349 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2016349
王翠玲1,2, 臧振华1, 邱月1,2, 邓舒雨1,2, 冯朝阳3, 谢宗强1, 徐文婷1, 刘蕾4, 陈全胜1, 申国珍1,*(
)
收稿日期:2016-12-11
接受日期:2017-02-20
出版日期:2017-05-20
发布日期:2017-06-06
通讯作者:
申国珍
基金资助:
Cuiling Wang1,2, Zhenhua Zang1, Yue Qiu1,2, Shuyu Deng1,2, Zhaoyang Feng3, Zongqiang Xie1, Wenting Xu1, Lei Liu4, Quansheng Chen1, Guozhen Shen1,*(
)
Received:2016-12-11
Accepted:2017-02-20
Online:2017-05-20
Published:2017-06-06
Contact:
Shen Guozhen
摘要:
自然保护区是保护生物多样性最有效的方式之一, 但是近年来自然保护区的保护成效正受到越来越多的质疑, 已成为保护生物学研究中急需考虑的问题, 也是目前我国自然保护区建设过程中面临的重要挑战。本研究以湖北神农架国家级自然保护区为研究对象, 基于该保护区1980年、1990年、2010年、2015年的土地利用数据, 结合DEM数据和川金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellana hubeiensis)分布及行为特征数据, 应用层次分析法(AHP法)和集合种群容量(metapopulation capacity), 分析了神农架保护区自建立以来(1980-2015)森林的面积变化、驱动因素以及川金丝猴栖息地面积和破碎化动态格局, 论证了神农架保护区对森林和川金丝猴栖息地的保护成效。结果表明, 神农架保护区自建立以来, 保护区内森林面积增加了34.27%, 森林覆盖度由47.94%上升到64.36%, 增加了16.42%, 其中82.77%的新增森林为灌木林和疏林转变而来; 川金丝猴最适宜栖息地面积增加了17.70%, 集合种群容量增加了515.17%, 最适宜栖息地的破碎化程度显著降低。天然林保护工程(the Natural Forest Conservation Program, NFCP)和退耕还林工程(the Sloping Land Conversion Program, SLCP)实施后, 保护区内森林面积增加了23.24%, 森林覆盖度增加了12.77%, 川金丝猴最适宜栖息地面积增加了14.29%, 集合种群容量增加了367.20%。本研究结果表明, 神农架保护区在森林和旗舰种栖息地保护方面, 均取得了很好的保护成效。
王翠玲, 臧振华, 邱月, 邓舒雨, 冯朝阳, 谢宗强, 徐文婷, 刘蕾, 陈全胜, 申国珍 (2017) 湖北神农架国家级自然保护区森林和川金丝猴栖息地的保护成效. 生物多样性, 25, 504-512. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016349.
Cuiling Wang, Zhenhua Zang, Yue Qiu, Shuyu Deng, Zhaoyang Feng, Zongqiang Xie, Wenting Xu, Lei Liu, Quansheng Chen, Guozhen Shen (2017) The effectiveness of Shennongjia National Nature Reserve in conserving forests and habitat of Sichuan snub-nosed monkey. Biodiversity Science, 25, 504-512. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016349.
| 最适宜 Most suitable | 适宜 Suitable | 不适宜 Unsuitable | 权重 Weight | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 非生物因子 Abiotic factors | ||||
| 海拔 Elevation (m) | 2,000-2,400 | 2,400-2,600 | ≥2,600, <2,000 | 0.032 |
| 坡度 Slope | 30°-45° | ≥45° | <30° | 0.081 |
| 坡向 Aspect | 半阴半阳坡 Semi-shady slope | 阳坡 Sunny slope | 阴坡 Shady slope | 0.01 |
| 生物因子 Biotic factors | ||||
| 植被 Vegetation | 有林地 Forest land | 其他林地 Other forest | 其他 Others | 0.557 |
| 人类活动因子 Human activities | ||||
| 距道路的距离 Distance from road (m) | ≥1,000 | 500-1,000 | <500 | 0.08 |
| 距村庄的距离 Distance from villages (m) | ≥1,000 | 500-1,000 | <500 | 0.24 |
表1 神农架川金丝猴栖息地适宜性评价指标
Table 1 Indicators for assessing habitat suitability of Sichuan snub-nosed monkey
| 最适宜 Most suitable | 适宜 Suitable | 不适宜 Unsuitable | 权重 Weight | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 非生物因子 Abiotic factors | ||||
| 海拔 Elevation (m) | 2,000-2,400 | 2,400-2,600 | ≥2,600, <2,000 | 0.032 |
| 坡度 Slope | 30°-45° | ≥45° | <30° | 0.081 |
| 坡向 Aspect | 半阴半阳坡 Semi-shady slope | 阳坡 Sunny slope | 阴坡 Shady slope | 0.01 |
| 生物因子 Biotic factors | ||||
| 植被 Vegetation | 有林地 Forest land | 其他林地 Other forest | 其他 Others | 0.557 |
| 人类活动因子 Human activities | ||||
| 距道路的距离 Distance from road (m) | ≥1,000 | 500-1,000 | <500 | 0.08 |
| 距村庄的距离 Distance from villages (m) | ≥1,000 | 500-1,000 | <500 | 0.24 |
图5 川金丝猴适宜栖息地变化。λM代表集合种群容量。
Fig. 5 The area of suitable habitats for Sichuan snub-nosed monkey in the Shennongjia National Nature Reserve since establishment. λM is metapopulation capacity.
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