湖北神农架国家级自然保护区森林和川金丝猴栖息地的保护成效

doi:10.17520/biods.2016349

生物多样性 ›› 2017, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (5): 504-512. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016349

• 神农架世界自然遗产地专题 • 上一篇下一篇

湖北神农架国家级自然保护区森林和川金丝猴栖息地的保护成效

王翠玲^1,², 臧振华¹, 邱月^1,², 邓舒雨^1,², 冯朝阳³, 谢宗强¹, 徐文婷¹, 刘蕾⁴, 陈全胜¹, 申国珍^1,^*()

1 中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 北京 100093
2 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
3 中国环境科学研究院国家环境保护区域生态过程与功能评估重点实验室, 北京 100012
4 天津泰达园林规划设计院有限公司, 天津 300457

收稿日期:2016-12-11 接受日期:2017-02-20 出版日期:2017-05-20 发布日期:2017-06-06
通讯作者: 申国珍
基金资助:
基金项目: 中国科学院野外站联盟项目(KFJ-SW-YW028-01)、国家重点研发计划(2016YFC050330304)和科技基础性工作专项(2015FY1103002)

The effectiveness of Shennongjia National Nature Reserve in conserving forests and habitat of Sichuan snub-nosed monkey

Cuiling Wang^1,², Zhenhua Zang¹, Yue Qiu^1,², Shuyu Deng^1,², Zhaoyang Feng³, Zongqiang Xie¹, Wenting Xu¹, Lei Liu⁴, Quansheng Chen¹, Guozhen Shen^1,^*()

1 State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093
2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
3 State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-process and Function Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012
4 Tianjin TEDA Institute of Landscape Planning Design, Tianjin 300457

Received:2016-12-11 Accepted:2017-02-20 Online:2017-05-20 Published:2017-06-06
Contact: Shen Guozhen

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

自然保护区是保护生物多样性最有效的方式之一, 但是近年来自然保护区的保护成效正受到越来越多的质疑, 已成为保护生物学研究中急需考虑的问题, 也是目前我国自然保护区建设过程中面临的重要挑战。本研究以湖北神农架国家级自然保护区为研究对象, 基于该保护区1980年、1990年、2010年、2015年的土地利用数据, 结合DEM数据和川金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellana hubeiensis)分布及行为特征数据, 应用层次分析法(AHP法)和集合种群容量(metapopulation capacity), 分析了神农架保护区自建立以来(1980-2015)森林的面积变化、驱动因素以及川金丝猴栖息地面积和破碎化动态格局, 论证了神农架保护区对森林和川金丝猴栖息地的保护成效。结果表明, 神农架保护区自建立以来, 保护区内森林面积增加了34.27%, 森林覆盖度由47.94%上升到64.36%, 增加了16.42%, 其中82.77%的新增森林为灌木林和疏林转变而来; 川金丝猴最适宜栖息地面积增加了17.70%, 集合种群容量增加了515.17%, 最适宜栖息地的破碎化程度显著降低。天然林保护工程(the Natural Forest Conservation Program, NFCP)和退耕还林工程(the Sloping Land Conversion Program, SLCP)实施后, 保护区内森林面积增加了23.24%, 森林覆盖度增加了12.77%, 川金丝猴最适宜栖息地面积增加了14.29%, 集合种群容量增加了367.20%。本研究结果表明, 神农架保护区在森林和旗舰种栖息地保护方面, 均取得了很好的保护成效。

关键词: 神农架自然保护区, 保护成效, 森林, 栖息地, 集合种群容量

Abstract

Nature reserves are a cornerstone of global conservation. Although the network of global protected areas has expanded substantially over the last few decades, many protected areas are not effective and the use of protected areas as a conservation tool has been criticized due to its inefficiency. Understanding which institutional conditions of protected areas are effective is therefore a key research priority. Shennongjia National Nature Reserve offers a fascinating case to investigate the effectiveness of protected areas in China. This reserve is exceptionally important for conservation as it harbors the remaining subtropical mixed broadleaved evergreen and deciduous forests in the northern hemisphere, numerous endemic and endangered species, and viable populations of the snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana hubeiensis). From an institutional perspective, Shennongjia Nature Reserve experienced a heavily exploited deforestation period and forest cover rebounded since the establishment of the reserve and the implementation of the Natural Forest Conservation Program (NFCP) and the Sloping Land Conversion Program (SLCP). We assessed the effectiveness of the Shennongjia Nature Reserve in conserving forests and habitat of the snub-nosed monkey based on landuse datasets of 1980, 1990, 2010 and 2015, respectively; combining DEM, distribution and behavioral characteristics of the snub-nosed monkey, and constructing the criterion of the survival function of the snub-nosed monkey and metapopulation capacity. Results showed that the forest area increased by 34.27% and forest coverage increased 16.42%, of which 82.77% of the newly gained forest recovered from shrubs and sparse forests since the establishment of the reserve. The area of the most suitable habitat for the snub-nosed monkey increased 17.70%, and metapopulation capacity of the habitat increased 515.17%. Furthermore, since the implementation of NFCP and SLCP, the forest area and forest coverage increased 23.24% and 12.77%, respectively, the most suitable habitat area for the snub-nosed monkey increased 14.29%, and the metapopulation capacity increased 367.20%. Our results indicate that the Shennongjia Nature Reserve is efficient for forest conservation and snub-nosed monkey habitat provision.

Key words: nature reserve, conservation effectiveness, Shennongjia, snub-nosed monkey habitat, metapopulation capacity

王翠玲, 臧振华, 邱月, 邓舒雨, 冯朝阳, 谢宗强, 徐文婷, 刘蕾, 陈全胜, 申国珍 (2017) 湖北神农架国家级自然保护区森林和川金丝猴栖息地的保护成效. 生物多样性, 25, 504-512. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016349.

Cuiling Wang, Zhenhua Zang, Yue Qiu, Shuyu Deng, Zhaoyang Feng, Zongqiang Xie, Wenting Xu, Lei Liu, Quansheng Chen, Guozhen Shen (2017) The effectiveness of Shennongjia National Nature Reserve in conserving forests and habitat of Sichuan snub-nosed monkey. Biodiversity Science, 25, 504-512. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016349.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2016349

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2017/V25/I5/504

图/表 6

图1 神农架国家级自然保护区村庄与川金丝猴分布图

Fig. 1 Dsitribution of villages and Sichuan snub-nosed monkey in the Shennongjia National Nature Reserve

表1 神农架川金丝猴栖息地适宜性评价指标

Table 1 Indicators for assessing habitat suitability of Sichuan snub-nosed monkey

	最适宜 Most suitable	适宜 Suitable	不适宜 Unsuitable	权重 Weight
非生物因子 Abiotic factors
海拔 Elevation (m)	2,000-2,400	2,400-2,600	≥2,600, <2,000	0.032
坡度 Slope	30°-45°	≥45°	<30°	0.081
坡向 Aspect	半阴半阳坡 Semi-shady slope	阳坡 Sunny slope	阴坡 Shady slope	0.01
生物因子 Biotic factors
植被 Vegetation	有林地 Forest land	其他林地 Other forest	其他 Others	0.557
人类活动因子 Human activities
距道路的距离 Distance from road (m)	≥1,000	500-1,000	<500	0.08
距村庄的距离 Distance from villages (m)	≥1,000	500-1,000	<500	0.24

图2 川金丝猴扩散距离函数

Fig. 2 Dispersal distance function for Sichuan snub-nosed monkey

图3 神农架保护区森林动态变化

Fig. 3 Change of the area and the coverage of the forests in the Shennongjia National Nature Reserve

图4 神农架保护区森林新增(A)和减少(B)部分的驱动因素

Fig. 4 The driving factors of the forest coverage gain (A) and loss (B) in Shennongjia National Nature Reserve

图5 川金丝猴适宜栖息地变化。λM代表集合种群容量。

Fig. 5 The area of suitable habitats for Sichuan snub-nosed monkey in the Shennongjia National Nature Reserve since establishment. λM is metapopulation capacity.

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湖北神农架国家级自然保护区森林和川金丝猴栖息地的保护成效

The effectiveness of Shennongjia National Nature Reserve in conserving forests and habitat of Sichuan snub-nosed monkey

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