生物多样性 ›› 2015, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (4): 527-535. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2014152
收稿日期:
2015-04-29
接受日期:
2015-05-15
出版日期:
2015-07-20
发布日期:
2015-08-03
通讯作者:
阳文静
基金资助:
Received:
2015-04-29
Accepted:
2015-05-15
Online:
2015-07-20
Published:
2015-08-03
摘要:
我国湖泊湿地面积大, 动植物资源十分丰富, 但受人类活动干扰强烈, 退化较为严重。湖泊湿地生物多样性监测是湖泊湿地生物多样性保护和研究的重要环节。在一些发达国家相关的工作已较为成熟, 我国尚处于起步探索阶段。本文介绍了北美大湖湿地生物多样性监测项目的指标体系和实施方法, 旨在为建立我国的湖泊湿地生物多样性监测网络提供借鉴与启示。北美大湖湿地共设置约1,500个监测样点, 研究人员通过每年对水体环境和五大生物类群(植物、底栖无脊椎动物、鱼类、两栖类、鸟类)进行野外调查和数据采集, 构建生物完整性指数(index of biotic integrity, IBI), 以评价大湖湿地生物多样性和生态环境健康的现状及未来的变化趋势, 为湿地的保护和管理提供重要依据。北美大湖湿地生物多样性监测方法不但具有较强的科学性和系统性, 并且可操作性强, 对构建我国湖泊湿地的生物多样性监测方案有参考价值。
吴燕平, 阳文静 (2015) 湿地生物多样性监测的指标体系和实施方法:以北美大湖湿地为例. 生物多样性, 23, 527-535. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2014152.
Yanping Wu, Wenjing Yang* (2015) Indicators and implementing methods of wetland biodiversity monitoring: taking Great Lakes coastal wetlands as an example. Biodiversity Science, 23, 527-535. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2014152.
序号 No. | 监测对象 Sample types | 具体指标 Indicators | 获取途径 Sources |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 水质 Water quality | 电导率、pH值、溶解氧、温度、氧化还原性、浑浊度、透明度、硝态氮、亚硝态氮、铵态氮、总氮、可溶性磷、总磷、叶绿素a、碱度、氯化物 Specific conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, oxidation- reduction potential (redox), turbidity, transparency tube water clarity, nitrate-nitrogen, nitrite-nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, total nitrogen (TN), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), total phosphorus (TP), chlorophyll-a, alkalinity, chloride | 野外采样和室内分析 Field sampling and laboratory analysis |
2 | 植物多样性 Plant diversity | 种类、物种盖度 Species, species coverage | 野外调查 Field surveys |
3 | 底栖无脊椎动物多样性 Macroinvertebrate diversity | 科、属、科属个体数 Family, genus, number of individuals per family and genus | 野外采样和室内鉴定 Field sampling and laboratory identification |
4 | 鱼类多样性 Fish diversity | 种类、物种个体数、年龄段(幼龄或成年)、体长 Species, number of individuals per species, age category (young or older), body length | 野外调查 Field surveys |
5 | 两栖类多样性 Amphibian diversity | 种类、鸣叫声密集度 Species, calling intensity | 野外调查 Field surveys |
6 | 鸟类多样性 Bird diversity | 种类、物种个体数 Species, number of individuals per species | 野外调查 Field surveys |
表1 北美大湖湿地生物多样性监测的监测对象、具体指标和获取途径(改自GLCWLC, 2008)
Table 1 Sample types, indicators and data sources for biodiversity monitoring in Great Lakes coastal wetlands (adopted from GLCWLC, 2008)
序号 No. | 监测对象 Sample types | 具体指标 Indicators | 获取途径 Sources |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 水质 Water quality | 电导率、pH值、溶解氧、温度、氧化还原性、浑浊度、透明度、硝态氮、亚硝态氮、铵态氮、总氮、可溶性磷、总磷、叶绿素a、碱度、氯化物 Specific conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, oxidation- reduction potential (redox), turbidity, transparency tube water clarity, nitrate-nitrogen, nitrite-nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, total nitrogen (TN), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), total phosphorus (TP), chlorophyll-a, alkalinity, chloride | 野外采样和室内分析 Field sampling and laboratory analysis |
2 | 植物多样性 Plant diversity | 种类、物种盖度 Species, species coverage | 野外调查 Field surveys |
3 | 底栖无脊椎动物多样性 Macroinvertebrate diversity | 科、属、科属个体数 Family, genus, number of individuals per family and genus | 野外采样和室内鉴定 Field sampling and laboratory identification |
4 | 鱼类多样性 Fish diversity | 种类、物种个体数、年龄段(幼龄或成年)、体长 Species, number of individuals per species, age category (young or older), body length | 野外调查 Field surveys |
5 | 两栖类多样性 Amphibian diversity | 种类、鸣叫声密集度 Species, calling intensity | 野外调查 Field surveys |
6 | 鸟类多样性 Bird diversity | 种类、物种个体数 Species, number of individuals per species | 野外调查 Field surveys |
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