生物多样性 ›› 2015, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (4): 519-526. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2014223
收稿日期:
2014-10-20
接受日期:
2015-04-03
出版日期:
2015-07-20
发布日期:
2015-08-03
通讯作者:
林龙山
作者简介:
# 共同第一作者
基金资助:
Puqing Song, Longshan Lin*(), Yuan Li, Zhihui Zhong, Ran Zhang
Received:
2014-10-20
Accepted:
2015-04-03
Online:
2015-07-20
Published:
2015-08-03
Contact:
Lin Longshan
About author:
# Co-first authors
摘要:
利用2012-2013年三都澳渔业资源的定置张网调查资料, 应用物种多样性指数、数量生物量比较曲线(ABC曲线)及鱼类分类多样性指数等方法分析三都澳游泳动物种类组成特征和群落结构的稳定性。调查中共出现游泳动物195种, 隶属于17目64科125属, 其中鱼类143种, 甲壳类47种, 头足类5种。大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)在三都澳4个航次的调查中都是最主要的优势种类, 其他优势种类还包括叫姑鱼(Johnius belengerii)、白姑鱼(Argyrosomus argentatus)、虾虎鱼类和一些甲壳类。大黄鱼多为养殖群体, 其他优势种类的共同特征是个体小, 繁殖周期短, 生物量季节或年际间波动剧烈。物种多样性分析表明, 三都澳游泳动物群落平均Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为2.61, 9、10月高, 1、5月低。ABC曲线分析表明, 4次调查中群落结构存在明显的变化, 繁殖群体的补充、个体生长、捕捞、伏季休渔等是影响群落结构稳定性的因素。本次研究表明, 大黄鱼生物量的比例与Shannon-Wiener多样性指数呈极显著负相关(P < 0.01, R = -0.890), 与种类数呈显著负相关(P < 0.05, R = -0.563)。结合近年来的调查数据, 统计得到三都澳的现存鱼类约224种, 其平均分类差异指数(△+)为59.5, 分类差异变异指数(∧+)为260.8。相对于中国沿海其他海域, 三都澳鱼类群落分类学范围较小, 且群落间的分类地位关系极不均匀, 群落抗干扰的能力较差。
宋普庆, 林龙山, 李渊, 钟指挥, 张然 (2015) 福建三都澳游泳动物种类组成及群落结构稳定性. 生物多样性, 23, 519-526. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2014223.
Puqing Song, Longshan Lin, Yuan Li, Zhihui Zhong, Ran Zhang (2015) Species composition and stability of nekton community structure in Sandu Bay, Fujian Province. Biodiversity Science, 23, 519-526. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2014223.
种类 Species | 采样月份 Sampling month | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
5 | 9 | 10 | 1 | |
大黄鱼 Larimichthys crocea | 4,966 | 3,147 | 2,175 | 4,813 |
龙头鱼 Harpodon nehereus | 1,351 | 1,993 | ||
孔虾虎鱼 Trypauchen vagina | 1,334 | 695 | ||
白姑鱼 Argyrosomus argentatus | 1,393 | |||
髭缟虾虎鱼 Tridentiger barbatus | 634 | |||
日本蟳 Charybdis japonica | 475 | 663 | 707 | 479 |
日本囊对虾 Marsupenanaeus japonicus | 460 | 473 | ||
拟矛尾虾虎鱼 Parachaeturichthys polynema | 452 | |||
鲜明鼓虾 Alpheus distinguendus | 421 | 1,432 | ||
须赤虾 Metapenaeopsis barbata | 294 | |||
葛氏长臂虾 Palaemon gravieri | 284 | 1,639 | ||
海鳗 Muraenesox cinereus | 277 | |||
哈氏仿对虾 Parapenaeopsis hardwickii | 1,067 | |||
棘头梅童鱼 Collichthys lucidus | 953 | 671 | 658 | |
纤手梭子蟹 Portunus gracilimanus | 406 | |||
中华管鞭虾 Solenocera crassicornis | 391 | 1,133 | ||
横纹东方鲀 Fugu oblongus | 324 | |||
红星梭子蟹 Portunus sanguino | 1,248 | |||
七丝鲚 Coilia grayii | 643 | |||
黑鳃舌鳎 Cynoglossus roulei | 573 | |||
斑鰶 Clupanodon punctatus | 1,894 | |||
直额蟳 Charybdis truncata | 958 | |||
褐斑三线舌鳎 Cynoglossus trigrammus | 405 | |||
叫姑鱼 Johnius belengerii | 354 | |||
矛尾虾虎鱼 Chaeturichthys stigmatias | 309 | |||
双斑蟳 Charybdis bimaculata | 282 |
表1 三都澳游泳动物主要种类的相对重要性指数(IRI)
Table 1 Index of relative importance (IRI) of major species of nekton in Sandu Bay, Fujian
种类 Species | 采样月份 Sampling month | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
5 | 9 | 10 | 1 | |
大黄鱼 Larimichthys crocea | 4,966 | 3,147 | 2,175 | 4,813 |
龙头鱼 Harpodon nehereus | 1,351 | 1,993 | ||
孔虾虎鱼 Trypauchen vagina | 1,334 | 695 | ||
白姑鱼 Argyrosomus argentatus | 1,393 | |||
髭缟虾虎鱼 Tridentiger barbatus | 634 | |||
日本蟳 Charybdis japonica | 475 | 663 | 707 | 479 |
日本囊对虾 Marsupenanaeus japonicus | 460 | 473 | ||
拟矛尾虾虎鱼 Parachaeturichthys polynema | 452 | |||
鲜明鼓虾 Alpheus distinguendus | 421 | 1,432 | ||
须赤虾 Metapenaeopsis barbata | 294 | |||
葛氏长臂虾 Palaemon gravieri | 284 | 1,639 | ||
海鳗 Muraenesox cinereus | 277 | |||
哈氏仿对虾 Parapenaeopsis hardwickii | 1,067 | |||
棘头梅童鱼 Collichthys lucidus | 953 | 671 | 658 | |
纤手梭子蟹 Portunus gracilimanus | 406 | |||
中华管鞭虾 Solenocera crassicornis | 391 | 1,133 | ||
横纹东方鲀 Fugu oblongus | 324 | |||
红星梭子蟹 Portunus sanguino | 1,248 | |||
七丝鲚 Coilia grayii | 643 | |||
黑鳃舌鳎 Cynoglossus roulei | 573 | |||
斑鰶 Clupanodon punctatus | 1,894 | |||
直额蟳 Charybdis truncata | 958 | |||
褐斑三线舌鳎 Cynoglossus trigrammus | 405 | |||
叫姑鱼 Johnius belengerii | 354 | |||
矛尾虾虎鱼 Chaeturichthys stigmatias | 309 | |||
双斑蟳 Charybdis bimaculata | 282 |
区域 Area | 平均分类差异指数 Average taxonomic distinctness | 分类差异变异指数 Variation in taxonomic distinctness | 参考文献 Reference |
---|---|---|---|
三都澳 Sandu Bay | 59.5 | 260.8 | 本次调查 This investigation |
东海陆架 East China Sea Continental Shelf | 65.7 | 120.0 | 李圣法, 2005 |
东山湾 Dongshan Bay | 65.8 | 129.5 | 林龙山等, 2012 |
大亚湾 Daya Bay | 62.2 | 110.0 | 李娜娜等, 2011 |
东沙群岛 Dongsha Islands | 55.2 | 110.0 | 史赟荣等, 2009 |
表2 不同海域鱼类分类多样性指数的比较
Table 2 Comparison of taxonomic diversity indices of fish species between Sandu Bay and other areas
区域 Area | 平均分类差异指数 Average taxonomic distinctness | 分类差异变异指数 Variation in taxonomic distinctness | 参考文献 Reference |
---|---|---|---|
三都澳 Sandu Bay | 59.5 | 260.8 | 本次调查 This investigation |
东海陆架 East China Sea Continental Shelf | 65.7 | 120.0 | 李圣法, 2005 |
东山湾 Dongshan Bay | 65.8 | 129.5 | 林龙山等, 2012 |
大亚湾 Daya Bay | 62.2 | 110.0 | 李娜娜等, 2011 |
东沙群岛 Dongsha Islands | 55.2 | 110.0 | 史赟荣等, 2009 |
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