生物多样性 ›› 2013, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (3): 326-333. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.08223
所属专题: 昆虫多样性与生态功能
秦春燕1,*, 张勇1,*, 于海燕2, 王备新1,**()
收稿日期:
2012-11-22
接受日期:
2013-04-22
出版日期:
2013-05-20
发布日期:
2013-06-05
通讯作者:
秦春燕,张勇,王备新
基金资助:
Chunyan Qin1,*, Yong Zhang1,*, Haiyan Yu2, Beixin Wang1,**()
Received:
2012-11-22
Accepted:
2013-04-22
Online:
2013-05-20
Published:
2013-06-05
Contact:
Qin Chunyan,Zhang Yong,Wang Beixin
摘要:
生物多样性监测和保护过程中通常用到指示类群, 然而对于这些指示类群有效性的测度仍然十分欠缺。为探讨不同类群水生昆虫群落的一致性及空间因子、环境变量的相对影响, 作者于2010年4月对东苕溪流域源头溪流21个采样点进行了调查。共记录水生昆虫7目44科92属130种。我们将水生昆虫群落划分成鞘翅目(C)、蜉蝣目+襀翅目+毛翅目(EPT)和双翅目+广翅目+蜻蜓目(DMO)3个类群。一致性分析结果表明: 3个类群的群落一致性(r)较高, 分别为C对EPT r = 0.65 (P<0.001)、C对DMO r = 0.67 (P<0.001)、EPT对DMO r = 0.82 (P<0.001)。方差分解表明环境变量是影响不同类群水生昆虫群落结构的主要因素, 空间因子的影响相对较小。环境因子中影响不同类群水生昆虫群落的关键变量大体相似, 其中海拔、pH、平均流速和化学需氧量是最主要的驱动因子。我们的结果表明该研究区域不同类群的水生昆虫群落一致性很高, 且对环境变量的响应也相似; 因此, 在水生昆虫生物多样性保护中可考虑利用其中的某一类群, 如蜉蝣目+襀翅目+毛翅目(EPT)类群, 作为有效的指示类群。
秦春燕, 张勇, 于海燕, 王备新 (2013) 不同类群水生昆虫群落间的一致性以及空间和环境因子的相对作用. 生物多样性, 21, 326-333. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.08223.
Chunyan Qin,Yong Zhang,Haiyan Yu,Beixin Wang (2013) Concordance among different aquatic insect assemblages and the relative role of spatial and environmental variables. Biodiversity Science, 21, 326-333. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.08223.
变量 Variables | 缩写 Abbreviation | 平均值±标准误 Mean ± SE | 最小值 Minimum | 最大值 Maximum |
---|---|---|---|---|
海拔 Altitude (m) | alt | 326 ± 43 | 35 | 796 |
总氮 Total nitrogen (mg/L) | TN | 1.37 ± 0.33 | 0.82 | 2.73 |
磷酸盐 Phosphorus (mg/L) | PO4 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.08 |
化学需氧量 Chemical oxygen demand (mg/L) | COD | 2.50 ± 0.30 | 0.32 | 6.62 |
酸碱度 pH | pH | 7.7 ± 0.2 | 6.5 | 9.7 |
溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) | DO | 9.7 ± 0.2 | 8.1 | 12.7 |
电导 Conductivity (µg/cm) | Cond | 80 ± 19 | 22 | 440 |
钙离子 Mean Ca2+ concentration (mg/L) | Ca | 64 ± 6 | 23 | 122 |
镁离子 Mean Mg2+ concentration (mg/L) | Mg | 5 ± 1 | 2 | 24 |
平均流速 Mean velocity (m/s) | Vmean | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.1 | 1.4 |
平均水宽 Mean wetted width (m) | Width | 2.3 ± 0.4 | 0.4 | 7.1 |
平均水深 Mean depth (cm) | Depth | 12 ± 2 | 3 | 26 |
砂 Percentage of sand substrate | Sand | 0.11 ± 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.62 |
砾石 Percentage of gravel substrate | Gravel | 0.45 ± 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.85 |
卵石 Percentage of cobble substrate | Cobble | 0.62 ± 0.03 | 0.38 | 0.84 |
表1 东苕溪流域底栖动物采样点主要环境变量的均值和范围
Table 1 The range and average value (Mean ± SE) of major environmental variables for the macrozoobenthos sampling sites within the Dongtiaoxi Basin
变量 Variables | 缩写 Abbreviation | 平均值±标准误 Mean ± SE | 最小值 Minimum | 最大值 Maximum |
---|---|---|---|---|
海拔 Altitude (m) | alt | 326 ± 43 | 35 | 796 |
总氮 Total nitrogen (mg/L) | TN | 1.37 ± 0.33 | 0.82 | 2.73 |
磷酸盐 Phosphorus (mg/L) | PO4 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.08 |
化学需氧量 Chemical oxygen demand (mg/L) | COD | 2.50 ± 0.30 | 0.32 | 6.62 |
酸碱度 pH | pH | 7.7 ± 0.2 | 6.5 | 9.7 |
溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) | DO | 9.7 ± 0.2 | 8.1 | 12.7 |
电导 Conductivity (µg/cm) | Cond | 80 ± 19 | 22 | 440 |
钙离子 Mean Ca2+ concentration (mg/L) | Ca | 64 ± 6 | 23 | 122 |
镁离子 Mean Mg2+ concentration (mg/L) | Mg | 5 ± 1 | 2 | 24 |
平均流速 Mean velocity (m/s) | Vmean | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.1 | 1.4 |
平均水宽 Mean wetted width (m) | Width | 2.3 ± 0.4 | 0.4 | 7.1 |
平均水深 Mean depth (cm) | Depth | 12 ± 2 | 3 | 26 |
砂 Percentage of sand substrate | Sand | 0.11 ± 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.62 |
砾石 Percentage of gravel substrate | Gravel | 0.45 ± 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.85 |
卵石 Percentage of cobble substrate | Cobble | 0.62 ± 0.03 | 0.38 | 0.84 |
物种 Species | 频度 Frequency | 物种 Species | 频度 Frequency |
---|---|---|---|
鞘翅目 Coleoptera | 新襀属一种 Neoperla sp. | 0.29 | |
长角泥甲科 Elmidae | 毛翅目 Trichoptera | ||
Macronychus sp. | 0.38 | 短石蛾科 Brachycentridae | |
Neocylloepus sp. | 0.29 | Micrasema sp. | 0.33 |
Ordobreria sp. | 0.43 | 枝石蛾科 Colamoceratidae | |
Stenelmis sp. | 1.00 | Anisocentropus sp.1 | 0.29 |
水龟虫科 Hydrophilidae | Glossosoma sp. | 0.67 | |
Berosus sp. | 0.48 | 纹石蛾科 Hydropsychidae | |
Enochrus sp. | 0.38 | 班侧枝纹石蛾 Aphropsyche sp. 2 | 0.29 |
扁泥甲科 Psephenidae | 心唇纹石蛾 Cheumatopsyche sp. 1 | 0.38 | |
Macroeubria sp. | 0.33 | 平唇纹石蛾 Cheumatopsyche sp. 3 | 0.52 |
Nipponeubria sp. | 0.29 | 黄条纹石蛾 Hydropsyche sp.3 | 0.33 |
Psephenus sp. | 0.38 | 鳞石蛾科 Lepidostomatidae | |
沼甲科 Scirtidae | 鳞石蛾属一种 Lepidostoma sp. | 0.43 | |
Scrites sp. | 0.86 | 沼石蛾科 Limnephilidae | |
蜉蝣目 Ephemeroptera | Apatania sp. | 0.29 | |
四节蜉科 Baetidae | 多距石蛾科 Polycentropodidae | ||
四节蜉属一种 Baetis sp. | 1.00 | Neureclipsis sp. | 0.62 |
花翅蜉属一种 Baetiella sp. | 0.48 | 原石蛾科 Rhyacophilidae | |
小蜉科 Ephemerellidae | 原石蛾属一种 Rhyacophila sp. | 0.75 | |
美丽弯握蜉 Drunella bella | 0.29 | 双翅目 Diptera | |
小蜉属一种 Ephemerella sp. | 0.48 | 摇蚊科 Chironomidae | |
锯形蜉属一种 Serratella sp. | 0.48 | 环足摇蚊属一种 Cricotopus sp. | 0.29 |
蜉蝣科 Ephemeridae | 真开氏摇蚊属一种 Eukiefferiella sp. | 0.57 | |
绢蜉 Ephemera serica | 0.38 | 直突摇蚊属一种 Orthocladius sp. | 0.52 |
扁蜉科 Heptageniidae | 无突摇蚊属一种 Ablabesmyia sp. | 1.00 | |
似动蜉属一种 Cinygmin sp. | 0.43 | 大粗腹摇蚊属一种 Macropelopia sp. | 0.29 |
高翔蜉属一种 Epeorus sp. 1 | 0.43 | 长足摇蚊属一种 Tanypus sp. | 0.29 |
高翔蜉属一种 Epeorus sp. 2 | 0.29 | 蚋科 Simuliidae | 0.76 |
何氏高翔蜉 Epeorus herklots | 0.52 | 广翅目 Megaloptera | |
扁蜉属一种 Heptagenia sp. | 0.86 | Corydalidae | |
赞蜉属一种 Paegniodes sp. | 0.71 | 斑齿蛉属一种 Neochauliodes sp. | 0.43 |
细裳蜉科 Leptophlebiidae | 星齿蛉属一种 Protohermes sp. | 0.33 | |
宽基蜉属一种 Choroterpes sp. | 0.57 | 蜻蜓目 Odonata | |
柔裳蜉属一种 Habrophlebiodes sp. | 0.95 | 综蟌科一种 Chlorolestidae sp. | 0.29 |
襀翅目 Plecoptera | 大蜓科 Cordulegasteridae | ||
叉襀科 Nemouridae | 大蜓属一种 Cordulegaster sp. | 0.33 | |
倍叉襀属一种 Amphinemura sp. | 0.29 | 溪蟌科一种 Euphaeidae sp. | 0.38 |
中叉襀属一种 Mesonemura sp. | 0.48 | 春蜓科 Gomphidae | |
襀科 Perlidae | 环尾春蜓属一种 Lamelligomphus sp. | 0.43 | |
钩襀属一种 Kamimuria sp. | 1.00 | 华春蜓属一种 Sinogomphus sp. | 0.29 |
表2 东苕溪源头溪流水生昆虫种类组成及出现频度
Table 2 Species composition and the occurrence frequency of aquatic insects in headwater streams within the Dongtiaoxi Basin
物种 Species | 频度 Frequency | 物种 Species | 频度 Frequency |
---|---|---|---|
鞘翅目 Coleoptera | 新襀属一种 Neoperla sp. | 0.29 | |
长角泥甲科 Elmidae | 毛翅目 Trichoptera | ||
Macronychus sp. | 0.38 | 短石蛾科 Brachycentridae | |
Neocylloepus sp. | 0.29 | Micrasema sp. | 0.33 |
Ordobreria sp. | 0.43 | 枝石蛾科 Colamoceratidae | |
Stenelmis sp. | 1.00 | Anisocentropus sp.1 | 0.29 |
水龟虫科 Hydrophilidae | Glossosoma sp. | 0.67 | |
Berosus sp. | 0.48 | 纹石蛾科 Hydropsychidae | |
Enochrus sp. | 0.38 | 班侧枝纹石蛾 Aphropsyche sp. 2 | 0.29 |
扁泥甲科 Psephenidae | 心唇纹石蛾 Cheumatopsyche sp. 1 | 0.38 | |
Macroeubria sp. | 0.33 | 平唇纹石蛾 Cheumatopsyche sp. 3 | 0.52 |
Nipponeubria sp. | 0.29 | 黄条纹石蛾 Hydropsyche sp.3 | 0.33 |
Psephenus sp. | 0.38 | 鳞石蛾科 Lepidostomatidae | |
沼甲科 Scirtidae | 鳞石蛾属一种 Lepidostoma sp. | 0.43 | |
Scrites sp. | 0.86 | 沼石蛾科 Limnephilidae | |
蜉蝣目 Ephemeroptera | Apatania sp. | 0.29 | |
四节蜉科 Baetidae | 多距石蛾科 Polycentropodidae | ||
四节蜉属一种 Baetis sp. | 1.00 | Neureclipsis sp. | 0.62 |
花翅蜉属一种 Baetiella sp. | 0.48 | 原石蛾科 Rhyacophilidae | |
小蜉科 Ephemerellidae | 原石蛾属一种 Rhyacophila sp. | 0.75 | |
美丽弯握蜉 Drunella bella | 0.29 | 双翅目 Diptera | |
小蜉属一种 Ephemerella sp. | 0.48 | 摇蚊科 Chironomidae | |
锯形蜉属一种 Serratella sp. | 0.48 | 环足摇蚊属一种 Cricotopus sp. | 0.29 |
蜉蝣科 Ephemeridae | 真开氏摇蚊属一种 Eukiefferiella sp. | 0.57 | |
绢蜉 Ephemera serica | 0.38 | 直突摇蚊属一种 Orthocladius sp. | 0.52 |
扁蜉科 Heptageniidae | 无突摇蚊属一种 Ablabesmyia sp. | 1.00 | |
似动蜉属一种 Cinygmin sp. | 0.43 | 大粗腹摇蚊属一种 Macropelopia sp. | 0.29 |
高翔蜉属一种 Epeorus sp. 1 | 0.43 | 长足摇蚊属一种 Tanypus sp. | 0.29 |
高翔蜉属一种 Epeorus sp. 2 | 0.29 | 蚋科 Simuliidae | 0.76 |
何氏高翔蜉 Epeorus herklots | 0.52 | 广翅目 Megaloptera | |
扁蜉属一种 Heptagenia sp. | 0.86 | Corydalidae | |
赞蜉属一种 Paegniodes sp. | 0.71 | 斑齿蛉属一种 Neochauliodes sp. | 0.43 |
细裳蜉科 Leptophlebiidae | 星齿蛉属一种 Protohermes sp. | 0.33 | |
宽基蜉属一种 Choroterpes sp. | 0.57 | 蜻蜓目 Odonata | |
柔裳蜉属一种 Habrophlebiodes sp. | 0.95 | 综蟌科一种 Chlorolestidae sp. | 0.29 |
襀翅目 Plecoptera | 大蜓科 Cordulegasteridae | ||
叉襀科 Nemouridae | 大蜓属一种 Cordulegaster sp. | 0.33 | |
倍叉襀属一种 Amphinemura sp. | 0.29 | 溪蟌科一种 Euphaeidae sp. | 0.38 |
中叉襀属一种 Mesonemura sp. | 0.48 | 春蜓科 Gomphidae | |
襀科 Perlidae | 环尾春蜓属一种 Lamelligomphus sp. | 0.43 | |
钩襀属一种 Kamimuria sp. | 1.00 | 华春蜓属一种 Sinogomphus sp. | 0.29 |
图2 结合关键环境变量的鞘翅目(C)、蜉蝣目+襀翅目+毛翅目(EPT)、双翅目+广翅目+蜻蜓目(DMO)类群水生昆虫群落多维尺度排序
Fig. 2 meta-MDS ordination of the Coleoptera (C), Ephemeroptera + Plecoptera + Trichoptera (EPT), and Diptera + Megaloptera + Odonata (DMO) assemblages with fitted vectors of environmental variables (envfit, P < 0.05)
C | EPT | DMO | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r2 | P | r2 | P | r2 | P | ||||
环境变量 Environmental variables | 海拔 Altitude (alt) | 0.50 | 0.003 | 0.57 | 0.001 | 0.54 | 0.003 | ||
总氮 Total nitrogen (TN) | 0.42 | 0.003 | 0.30 | 0.032 | 0.38 | 0.009 | |||
化学需氧量 Chemical oxygen demand (COD) | 0.36 | 0.014 | 0.39 | 0.003 | 0.44 | 0.002 | |||
酸碱度 pH | 0.83 | 0.001 | 0.67 | 0.001 | 0.90 | 0.001 | |||
溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (DO) | 0.39 | 0.011 | 0.39 | 0.011 | 0.50 | 0.002 | |||
平均流速 Mean velocity (Vmean) | 0.51 | 0.002 | 0.42 | 0.004 | 0.61 | 0.001 | |||
平均水宽 Mean wetted width (Width) | 0.01 | 0.938 | 0.22 | 0.101 | 0.35 | 0.017 | |||
平均水深 Mean depth (Depth) | 0.22 | 0.110 | 0.33 | 0.025 | 0.38 | 0.016 | |||
砂 Percentage of sand substrate (Sand) | 0.57 | 0.542 | 0.11 | 0.335 | 0.28 | 0.04 | |||
空间因子 Spatial factors | PCNM1 | 0.77 | 0.001 | 0.81 | 0.001 | 0.91 | 0.001 | ||
PCNM13 | 0.26 | 0.035 | 0.01 | 0.906 | 0.02 | 0.848 |
表3 环境变量与鞘翅目(C)、蜉蝣目+襀翅目+毛翅目(EPT)、双翅目+广翅目+蜻蜓目(DMO)3种不同类群水生昆虫群落排序的相关性(r2)
Table 3 Correlations (r2) of environmental variables with the meta-MDS ordinations of Coleoptera (C), Ephemeroptera + Plecoptera + Trichoptera (EPT), and Diptera + Megaloptera + Odonata (DMO) groups
C | EPT | DMO | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r2 | P | r2 | P | r2 | P | ||||
环境变量 Environmental variables | 海拔 Altitude (alt) | 0.50 | 0.003 | 0.57 | 0.001 | 0.54 | 0.003 | ||
总氮 Total nitrogen (TN) | 0.42 | 0.003 | 0.30 | 0.032 | 0.38 | 0.009 | |||
化学需氧量 Chemical oxygen demand (COD) | 0.36 | 0.014 | 0.39 | 0.003 | 0.44 | 0.002 | |||
酸碱度 pH | 0.83 | 0.001 | 0.67 | 0.001 | 0.90 | 0.001 | |||
溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (DO) | 0.39 | 0.011 | 0.39 | 0.011 | 0.50 | 0.002 | |||
平均流速 Mean velocity (Vmean) | 0.51 | 0.002 | 0.42 | 0.004 | 0.61 | 0.001 | |||
平均水宽 Mean wetted width (Width) | 0.01 | 0.938 | 0.22 | 0.101 | 0.35 | 0.017 | |||
平均水深 Mean depth (Depth) | 0.22 | 0.110 | 0.33 | 0.025 | 0.38 | 0.016 | |||
砂 Percentage of sand substrate (Sand) | 0.57 | 0.542 | 0.11 | 0.335 | 0.28 | 0.04 | |||
空间因子 Spatial factors | PCNM1 | 0.77 | 0.001 | 0.81 | 0.001 | 0.91 | 0.001 | ||
PCNM13 | 0.26 | 0.035 | 0.01 | 0.906 | 0.02 | 0.848 |
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