不同类群水生昆虫群落间的一致性以及空间和环境因子的相对作用

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.08223

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生物多样性监测和保护过程中通常用到指示类群, 然而对于这些指示类群有效性的测度仍然十分欠缺。为探讨不同类群水生昆虫群落的一致性及空间因子、环境变量的相对影响, 作者于2010年4月对东苕溪流域源头溪流21个采样点进行了调查。共记录水生昆虫7目44科92属130种。我们将水生昆虫群落划分成鞘翅目(C)、蜉蝣目+襀翅目+毛翅目(EPT)和双翅目+广翅目+蜻蜓目(DMO)3个类群。一致性分析结果表明: 3个类群的群落一致性(r)较高, 分别为C对EPT r = 0.65 (P<0.001)、C对DMO r = 0.67 (P<0.001)、EPT对DMO r = 0.82 (P<0.001)。方差分解表明环境变量是影响不同类群水生昆虫群落结构的主要因素, 空间因子的影响相对较小。环境因子中影响不同类群水生昆虫群落的关键变量大体相似, 其中海拔、pH、平均流速和化学需氧量是最主要的驱动因子。我们的结果表明该研究区域不同类群的水生昆虫群落一致性很高, 且对环境变量的响应也相似; 因此, 在水生昆虫生物多样性保护中可考虑利用其中的某一类群, 如蜉蝣目+襀翅目+毛翅目(EPT)类群, 作为有效的指示类群。

关键词: 群落一致性, 水生昆虫, 空间因子, 环境变量, 生物多样性

Abstract

Indicator groups are often used for biodiversity monitoring and conservation, however, the effectiveness of these groups in representing biodiversity is rarely tested. To explore community congruence among different aquatic insect groups and how this may be affected by spatial factors and environmental variables, we carried out an investigation on aquatic insects in April 2010 in 21 headwater streams within the Dongtiaoxi Basin, China. In total, we recorded 130 species from 92 genera, 44 families and 7 orders. We divided the stream insects into three groups, Coleoptera (C), Ephemeroptera + Plecoptera + Trichoptera (EPT), and Diptera + Megaloptera + Odonata (DMO). In Mantel tests, three aquatic insect groups showed significant cross-taxon concordance, C versus EPT (r= 0.65, P< 0.001), C versus DMO (r= 0.67, P< 0.001) and EPT versus DMO (r= 0.82, P< 0.001). According to variance partitioning procedures, environmental variables were the major determinants of aquatic insect community structures, while spatial factors were less important. Species composition in different taxon groups exhibited similar relationships to environmental gradients. Altitude, pH, mean velocity and concentration of oxygen were the most important drivers of aquatic insect assemblage patterns. Overall, our results indicated that, at least in the studied region, community congruence among different aquatic insect groups was strong. We propose that one group, such as the EPT group, may be used as a biodiversity indicator in future cost-effective surveys.

Key words: community congruence, aquatic insect, spatial factors, environmental variables, biodiversiy

秦春燕, 张勇, 于海燕, 王备新 (2013) 不同类群水生昆虫群落间的一致性以及空间和环境因子的相对作用. 生物多样性, 21, 326-333. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.08223.

Chunyan Qin,Yong Zhang,Haiyan Yu,Beixin Wang (2013) Concordance among different aquatic insect assemblages and the relative role of spatial and environmental variables. Biodiversity Science, 21, 326-333. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.08223.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.08223

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2013/V21/I3/326

图/表 5

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变量 Variables	缩写 Abbreviation	平均值±标准误 Mean ± SE	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum
海拔 Altitude (m)	alt	326 ± 43	35	796
总氮 Total nitrogen (mg/L)	TN	1.37 ± 0.33	0.82	2.73
磷酸盐 Phosphorus (mg/L)	PO₄	0.02 ± 0.01	0.00	0.08
化学需氧量 Chemical oxygen demand (mg/L)	COD	2.50 ± 0.30	0.32	6.62
酸碱度 pH	pH	7.7 ± 0.2	6.5	9.7
溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)	DO	9.7 ± 0.2	8.1	12.7
电导 Conductivity (µg/cm)	Cond	80 ± 19	22	440
钙离子 Mean Ca²⁺ concentration (mg/L)	Ca	64 ± 6	23	122
镁离子 Mean Mg²⁺ concentration (mg/L)	Mg	5 ± 1	2	24
平均流速 Mean velocity (m/s)	Vmean	0.6 ± 0.1	0.1	1.4
平均水宽 Mean wetted width (m)	Width	2.3 ± 0.4	0.4	7.1
平均水深 Mean depth (cm)	Depth	12 ± 2	3	26
砂 Percentage of sand substrate	Sand	0.11 ± 0.04	0.00	0.62
砾石 Percentage of gravel substrate	Gravel	0.45 ± 0.04	0.00	0.85
卵石 Percentage of cobble substrate	Cobble	0.62 ± 0.03	0.38	0.84

变量 Variables	缩写 Abbreviation	平均值±标准误 Mean ± SE	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum
海拔 Altitude (m)	alt	326 ± 43	35	796
总氮 Total nitrogen (mg/L)	TN	1.37 ± 0.33	0.82	2.73
磷酸盐 Phosphorus (mg/L)	PO₄	0.02 ± 0.01	0.00	0.08
化学需氧量 Chemical oxygen demand (mg/L)	COD	2.50 ± 0.30	0.32	6.62
酸碱度 pH	pH	7.7 ± 0.2	6.5	9.7
溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)	DO	9.7 ± 0.2	8.1	12.7
电导 Conductivity (µg/cm)	Cond	80 ± 19	22	440
钙离子 Mean Ca²⁺ concentration (mg/L)	Ca	64 ± 6	23	122
镁离子 Mean Mg²⁺ concentration (mg/L)	Mg	5 ± 1	2	24
平均流速 Mean velocity (m/s)	Vmean	0.6 ± 0.1	0.1	1.4
平均水宽 Mean wetted width (m)	Width	2.3 ± 0.4	0.4	7.1
平均水深 Mean depth (cm)	Depth	12 ± 2	3	26
砂 Percentage of sand substrate	Sand	0.11 ± 0.04	0.00	0.62
砾石 Percentage of gravel substrate	Gravel	0.45 ± 0.04	0.00	0.85
卵石 Percentage of cobble substrate	Cobble	0.62 ± 0.03	0.38	0.84

物种 Species	频度 Frequency	物种 Species	频度 Frequency
鞘翅目 Coleoptera		新襀属一种 Neoperla sp.	0.29
长角泥甲科 Elmidae		毛翅目 Trichoptera
Macronychus sp.	0.38	短石蛾科 Brachycentridae
Neocylloepus sp.	0.29	Micrasema sp.	0.33
Ordobreria sp.	0.43	枝石蛾科 Colamoceratidae
Stenelmis sp.	1.00	Anisocentropus sp.1	0.29
水龟虫科 Hydrophilidae		Glossosoma sp.	0.67
Berosus sp.	0.48	纹石蛾科 Hydropsychidae
Enochrus sp.	0.38	班侧枝纹石蛾 Aphropsyche sp. 2	0.29
扁泥甲科 Psephenidae		心唇纹石蛾 Cheumatopsyche sp. 1	0.38
Macroeubria sp.	0.33	平唇纹石蛾 Cheumatopsyche sp. 3	0.52
Nipponeubria sp.	0.29	黄条纹石蛾 Hydropsyche sp.3	0.33
Psephenus sp.	0.38	鳞石蛾科 Lepidostomatidae
沼甲科 Scirtidae		鳞石蛾属一种 Lepidostoma sp.	0.43
Scrites sp.	0.86	沼石蛾科 Limnephilidae
蜉蝣目 Ephemeroptera		Apatania sp.	0.29
四节蜉科 Baetidae		多距石蛾科 Polycentropodidae
四节蜉属一种 Baetis sp.	1.00	Neureclipsis sp.	0.62
花翅蜉属一种 Baetiella sp.	0.48	原石蛾科 Rhyacophilidae
小蜉科 Ephemerellidae		原石蛾属一种 Rhyacophila sp.	0.75
美丽弯握蜉 Drunella bella	0.29	双翅目 Diptera
小蜉属一种 Ephemerella sp.	0.48	摇蚊科 Chironomidae
锯形蜉属一种 Serratella sp.	0.48	环足摇蚊属一种 Cricotopus sp.	0.29
蜉蝣科 Ephemeridae		真开氏摇蚊属一种 Eukiefferiella sp.	0.57
绢蜉 Ephemera serica	0.38	直突摇蚊属一种 Orthocladius sp.	0.52
扁蜉科 Heptageniidae		无突摇蚊属一种 Ablabesmyia sp.	1.00
似动蜉属一种 Cinygmin sp.	0.43	大粗腹摇蚊属一种 Macropelopia sp.	0.29
高翔蜉属一种 Epeorus sp. 1	0.43	长足摇蚊属一种 Tanypus sp.	0.29
高翔蜉属一种 Epeorus sp. 2	0.29	蚋科 Simuliidae	0.76
何氏高翔蜉 Epeorus herklots	0.52	广翅目 Megaloptera
扁蜉属一种 Heptagenia sp.	0.86	Corydalidae
赞蜉属一种 Paegniodes sp.	0.71	斑齿蛉属一种 Neochauliodes sp.	0.43
细裳蜉科 Leptophlebiidae		星齿蛉属一种 Protohermes sp.	0.33
宽基蜉属一种 Choroterpes sp.	0.57	蜻蜓目 Odonata
柔裳蜉属一种 Habrophlebiodes sp.	0.95	综蟌科一种 Chlorolestidae sp.	0.29
襀翅目 Plecoptera		大蜓科 Cordulegasteridae
叉襀科 Nemouridae		大蜓属一种 Cordulegaster sp.	0.33
倍叉襀属一种 Amphinemura sp.	0.29	溪蟌科一种 Euphaeidae sp.	0.38
中叉襀属一种 Mesonemura sp.	0.48	春蜓科 Gomphidae
襀科 Perlidae		环尾春蜓属一种 Lamelligomphus sp.	0.43
钩襀属一种 Kamimuria sp.	1.00	华春蜓属一种 Sinogomphus sp.	0.29

物种 Species	频度 Frequency	物种 Species	频度 Frequency
鞘翅目 Coleoptera		新襀属一种 Neoperla sp.	0.29
长角泥甲科 Elmidae		毛翅目 Trichoptera
Macronychus sp.	0.38	短石蛾科 Brachycentridae
Neocylloepus sp.	0.29	Micrasema sp.	0.33
Ordobreria sp.	0.43	枝石蛾科 Colamoceratidae
Stenelmis sp.	1.00	Anisocentropus sp.1	0.29
水龟虫科 Hydrophilidae		Glossosoma sp.	0.67
Berosus sp.	0.48	纹石蛾科 Hydropsychidae
Enochrus sp.	0.38	班侧枝纹石蛾 Aphropsyche sp. 2	0.29
扁泥甲科 Psephenidae		心唇纹石蛾 Cheumatopsyche sp. 1	0.38
Macroeubria sp.	0.33	平唇纹石蛾 Cheumatopsyche sp. 3	0.52
Nipponeubria sp.	0.29	黄条纹石蛾 Hydropsyche sp.3	0.33
Psephenus sp.	0.38	鳞石蛾科 Lepidostomatidae
沼甲科 Scirtidae		鳞石蛾属一种 Lepidostoma sp.	0.43
Scrites sp.	0.86	沼石蛾科 Limnephilidae
蜉蝣目 Ephemeroptera		Apatania sp.	0.29
四节蜉科 Baetidae		多距石蛾科 Polycentropodidae
四节蜉属一种 Baetis sp.	1.00	Neureclipsis sp.	0.62
花翅蜉属一种 Baetiella sp.	0.48	原石蛾科 Rhyacophilidae
小蜉科 Ephemerellidae		原石蛾属一种 Rhyacophila sp.	0.75
美丽弯握蜉 Drunella bella	0.29	双翅目 Diptera
小蜉属一种 Ephemerella sp.	0.48	摇蚊科 Chironomidae
锯形蜉属一种 Serratella sp.	0.48	环足摇蚊属一种 Cricotopus sp.	0.29
蜉蝣科 Ephemeridae		真开氏摇蚊属一种 Eukiefferiella sp.	0.57
绢蜉 Ephemera serica	0.38	直突摇蚊属一种 Orthocladius sp.	0.52
扁蜉科 Heptageniidae		无突摇蚊属一种 Ablabesmyia sp.	1.00
似动蜉属一种 Cinygmin sp.	0.43	大粗腹摇蚊属一种 Macropelopia sp.	0.29
高翔蜉属一种 Epeorus sp. 1	0.43	长足摇蚊属一种 Tanypus sp.	0.29
高翔蜉属一种 Epeorus sp. 2	0.29	蚋科 Simuliidae	0.76
何氏高翔蜉 Epeorus herklots	0.52	广翅目 Megaloptera
扁蜉属一种 Heptagenia sp.	0.86	Corydalidae
赞蜉属一种 Paegniodes sp.	0.71	斑齿蛉属一种 Neochauliodes sp.	0.43
细裳蜉科 Leptophlebiidae		星齿蛉属一种 Protohermes sp.	0.33
宽基蜉属一种 Choroterpes sp.	0.57	蜻蜓目 Odonata
柔裳蜉属一种 Habrophlebiodes sp.	0.95	综蟌科一种 Chlorolestidae sp.	0.29
襀翅目 Plecoptera		大蜓科 Cordulegasteridae
叉襀科 Nemouridae		大蜓属一种 Cordulegaster sp.	0.33
倍叉襀属一种 Amphinemura sp.	0.29	溪蟌科一种 Euphaeidae sp.	0.38
中叉襀属一种 Mesonemura sp.	0.48	春蜓科 Gomphidae
襀科 Perlidae		环尾春蜓属一种 Lamelligomphus sp.	0.43
钩襀属一种 Kamimuria sp.	1.00	华春蜓属一种 Sinogomphus sp.	0.29

		C		EPT		DMO
		r²	P	r²	P	r²	P
环境变量 Environmental variables	海拔 Altitude (alt)	0.50	0.003	0.57	0.001	0.54	0.003
	总氮 Total nitrogen (TN)	0.42	0.003	0.30	0.032	0.38	0.009
	化学需氧量 Chemical oxygen demand (COD)	0.36	0.014	0.39	0.003	0.44	0.002
	酸碱度 pH	0.83	0.001	0.67	0.001	0.90	0.001
	溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (DO)	0.39	0.011	0.39	0.011	0.50	0.002
	平均流速 Mean velocity (Vmean)	0.51	0.002	0.42	0.004	0.61	0.001
	平均水宽 Mean wetted width (Width)	0.01	0.938	0.22	0.101	0.35	0.017
	平均水深 Mean depth (Depth)	0.22	0.110	0.33	0.025	0.38	0.016
	砂 Percentage of sand substrate (Sand)	0.57	0.542	0.11	0.335	0.28	0.04
空间因子 Spatial factors	PCNM1	0.77	0.001	0.81	0.001	0.91	0.001
空间因子 Spatial factors	PCNM13	0.26	0.035	0.01	0.906	0.02	0.848