人为干扰对白腹锦鸡活动节律的影响

doi:10.17520/biods.2021484

生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (8): 21484. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021484

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

人为干扰对白腹锦鸡活动节律的影响

胡远芳¹, 李斌强¹^,², 梁丹³, 李兴权⁴, 刘兰香⁴, 杨家伟⁴, 罗旭¹^,^*()

1.西南林业大学生物多样性保护学院/云南省高校极小种群野生动物保育重点实验室, 昆明 650224, 中国
2.广西生态工程职业技术学院林业工程学院, 广西柳州 545004, 中国
3. Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, New Jersey 08540, USA
4.云南巍山青华绿孔雀自然保护区管护局, 云南巍山 672400, 中国

收稿日期:2021-11-25 接受日期:2022-06-06 出版日期:2022-08-20 发布日期:2022-08-31
通讯作者: 罗旭
作者简介:* E-mail: luoxu@swfu.edu.cn
基金资助:
生态环境部生物多样性调查评估项目(2019HJ2096001006);云南省省级自然保护区能力建设补助资金

Effect of anthropogenic disturbance on Lady Amherst’s pheasant (Chrysolophus amherstiae) activity

Yuanfang Hu¹, Binqiang Li¹^,², Dan Liang³, Xingquan Li⁴, Lanxiang Liu⁴, Jiawei Yang⁴, Xu Luo¹^,^*()

1. Faculty of Biodiversity and Conservation, Key Laboratory for Conserving Wildlife with Small Populations in Yunnan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
2. Institute of Forestry Engineering, Guangxi Eco-Engineering Vocational and Technical College, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545004, China
3. Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, New Jersey 08540, USA
4. Management Bureau of Weishan Qinghua Green Peafowl Nature Reserve, Weishan, Yunnan 672400, China

Received:2021-11-25 Accepted:2022-06-06 Online:2022-08-20 Published:2022-08-31
Contact: Xu Luo

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

人类足迹的扩张增加了人与野生动物的相互作用。理解自然保护地的濒危物种对人为干扰的响应有助于更好地保护濒危物种和指导保护管理。以往的研究表明野生动物在时空维度会对人类的干扰进行规避, 然而这类研究在野生雉类中还较少, 尤其是分布在人为干扰相对较强的中低海拔区域的雉类, 如白腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus amherstiae)。2017年11月至2018年10月, 我们在中国西南部的一个亚热带森林保护区中使用红外相机陷阱技术对白腹锦鸡和人为干扰进行调查, 并研究了白腹锦鸡在时空维度对3种不同类型人为干扰(人类活动、放牧和家养动物活动)的响应及其季节变化。结果表明, 白腹锦鸡在空间维度并未对人为干扰进行规避, 而在非繁殖季节的活动节律上对人为干扰在时间维度上进行了规避。具体而言, 白腹锦鸡在全年和非繁殖季节的活动高峰集中在17:30-18:30, 明显避开中午的人类活动高峰; 而在繁殖季节, 白腹锦鸡活动水平明显提高, 和人为干扰的重叠度很高, 可能是由于求偶、占区等繁殖行为使得白腹锦鸡无法规避人为干扰。此外, 在人为干扰强度较高的位点, 白腹锦鸡倾向于通过改变其日活动节律, 将活动高峰期推迟至傍晚以降低与人为干扰的重叠度, 进一步说明白腹锦鸡可通过调节其自身的日活动节律从而避开高强度的人为干扰。由于白腹锦鸡地面营巢和春夏季繁殖, 自然保护区管理部门可通过管理人为活动, 尤其在繁殖季节通过控制放牧和猫狗的活动来帮助白腹锦鸡及其他地面营巢鸟类维持繁殖成功率。

关键词: 人为干扰, 活动节律, 自然保护区管理, 放牧, 白腹锦鸡

Abstract

Aims: The expanding human footprint has increased the frequency of interactions between humans and wildlife. Understanding how fauna respond to anthropogenic disturbances in protected areas is vital to guide management decisions and conservation efforts. Previous studies suggest that wildlife tends to avoid humans both spatially and temporally. However, little attention has been given to how wild pheasants respond to anthropogenic disturbances in protected areas. The Lady Amherst’s pheasant (Chrysolophus amherstiae) is a widely-distributed wild pheasant found in low- to mid-elevation environments across Southwest China, an area that has been perturbed by extensive human activity. This study assesses the Lady Amherst’s pheasant’s spatial and temporal responses to anthropogenic activity in a nature reserve in the subtropical forests of Southwest China.

Methods: Between November 2017 and October 2018, we deployed 36 infrared camera traps to survey Lady Amherst’s pheasant behavior and the extent of anthropogenic disturbance (i.e., livestock grazing, the presence of domesticated dogs and cats, and human activity). We then assessed the spatial and temporal responses of pheasants to anthropogenic disturbances in breeding and non-breeding seasons.

Results: Lady Amherst’s pheasant exhibited temporal, but not spatial, avoidance of anthropogenic disturbance. Daily activity of the pheasant peaked from 17:30 to 18:30, avoiding the most vigorous anthropogenic disturbance (occurring at approximately 12:00) in the non-breeding season. In the breeding season, daily activity levels increased rapidly and coincided more frequently with anthropogenic disturbance than during the non-breeding season. This may have been related to breeding activities such as territorial defense and mating displays. Furthermore, pheasants in more intensely disturbed sites were more likely to be active at dusk when human activity was low, suggesting that they adjust their behavior in response to anthropogenic disturbance.

Conclusion: Lady Amherst’s pheasants tend to avoid anthropogenic disturbance in the non-breeding season, but reduce avoidance in the breeding season. Management measures such as limiting human activity, grazing, and the number of domestic dogs and cats in the breeding season may help support populations of this wild pheasant and other ground-breeding species in this nature reserve.

Key words: anthropogenic disturbance, activity rhythm, nature reserve management, grazing, Lady Amherst’s pheasant

胡远芳, 李斌强, 梁丹, 李兴权, 刘兰香, 杨家伟, 罗旭 (2022) 人为干扰对白腹锦鸡活动节律的影响. 生物多样性, 30, 21484. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021484.

Yuanfang Hu, Binqiang Li, Dan Liang, Xingquan Li, Lanxiang Liu, Jiawei Yang, Xu Luo (2022) Effect of anthropogenic disturbance on Lady Amherst’s pheasant (Chrysolophus amherstiae) activity. Biodiversity Science, 30, 21484. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021484.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2021484

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2022/V30/I8/21484

图/表 8

参考文献 44

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季节 Season/变量 Variable		Beta系数 Beta coefficient		标准误 SE	T		P
总体人为干扰 All anthropogenic disturbance
全年 Whole year
截距 Intercept		0.095		0.280	0.339		0.737
干扰强度 Disturbance intensity		0.071		0.191	0.371		0.713
海拔 Elevation		-0.098		0.225	-0.437		0.665
生境 Habitat		-0.179		0.415	-0.432		0.669
繁殖季节 Breeding season
截距 Intercept		0.059		0.272	0.216		0.830
干扰强度 Disturbance intensity		-0.197		0.182	-1.082		0.288
海拔 Elevation		-0.135		0.215	-0.630		0.533
生境 Habitat		-0.111		0.405	-0.275		0.785
非繁殖季节 Non-breeding season
截距 Intercept		0.024		0.262	0.092		0.928
干扰强度 Disturbance intensity		0.340		0.170	2.003		0.054
海拔 Elevation		0.025		0.200	0.123		0.903
生境 Habitat		-0.045		0.387	-0.117		0.907
人为干扰(人类活动) Anthropogenic disturbance: human activities
全年 Whole year
截距 Intercept	0.105			0.277	0.381		0.706
干扰强度 Disturbance intensity	0.158			0.189	0.834		0.411
海拔 Elevation	-0.137			0.223	-0.614		0.544
生境 Habitat	-0.200			0.410	-0.487		0.630
季节 Season/变量 Variable		Beta系数 Beta coefficient	标准误 SE			T		P
繁殖季节 Breeding season
截距 Intercept	0.073		0.275			0.267		0.791
干扰强度 Disturbance intensity	-0.128		0.186			-0.689		0.496
海拔 Elevation	-0.159		0.220			-0.722		0.475
生境 Habitat	-0.139		0.409			-0.340		0.736
非繁殖季节 Non-breeding season
截距 Intercept	0.025		0.238			0.104		0.918
干扰强度 Disturbance intensity	0.525		0.154			3.402		0.002*
海拔 Elevation	-0.018		0.182			-0.100		0.921
生境 Habitat	-0.047		0.352			-0.133		0.895
人为干扰(放牧) Anthropogenic disturbance: grazing
全年 Whole year
截距 Intercept	0.075		0.278			0.272		0.788
干扰强度 Disturbance intensity	-0.082		0.181			-0.453		0.653
海拔 Elevation	-0.045		0.213			-0.210		0.835
生境 Habitat	-0.143		0.411			-0.348		0.730
繁殖季节 Breeding season
截距 Intercept	0.090		0.271			0.331		0.743
干扰强度 Disturbance intensity	-0.167		0.181			-0.923		0.363
海拔 Elevation	-0.157		0.212			-0.740		0.465
生境 Habitat	-0.170		0.401			-0.424		0.674
非繁殖季节 Non-breeding season
截距 Intercept	-0.003		0.277			-0.011		0.991
干扰强度 Disturbance intensity	-0.022		0.178			-0.122		0.904
海拔 Elevation	0.114		0.210			0.544		0.590
生境 Habitat	0.006		0.410			0.014		0.989
人为干扰(家养动物) Anthropogenic disturbance: domestic animals
全年 Whole year
截距 Intercept	0.085		0.279			0.307		0.761
干扰强度 Disturbance intensity	-0.033		0.178			-0.185		0.854
海拔 Elevation	-0.072		0.210			-0.342		0.734
生境 Habitat	-0.162		0.412			-0.392		0.697
繁殖季节 Breeding season
截距 Intercept	0.097		0.273			0.354		0.725
干扰强度 Disturbance intensity	-0.077		0.176			-0.436		0.666
海拔 Elevation	-0.229		0.207			-1.105		0.277
生境 Habitat	-0.184		0.404			-0.454		0.653
非繁殖季节 Non-breeding season
截距 Intercept	-0.019		0.278			-0.070		0.945
干扰强度 Disturbance intensity	0.095		0.177			0.536		0.596
海拔 Elevation	0.121		0.208			0.581		0.566
生境 Habitat	0.037		0.413			0.089		0.929

季节 Season/变量 Variable		Beta系数 Beta coefficient		标准误 SE	T		P
总体人为干扰 All anthropogenic disturbance
全年 Whole year
截距 Intercept		0.095		0.280	0.339		0.737
干扰强度 Disturbance intensity		0.071		0.191	0.371		0.713
海拔 Elevation		-0.098		0.225	-0.437		0.665
生境 Habitat		-0.179		0.415	-0.432		0.669
繁殖季节 Breeding season
截距 Intercept		0.059		0.272	0.216		0.830
干扰强度 Disturbance intensity		-0.197		0.182	-1.082		0.288
海拔 Elevation		-0.135		0.215	-0.630		0.533
生境 Habitat		-0.111		0.405	-0.275		0.785
非繁殖季节 Non-breeding season
截距 Intercept		0.024		0.262	0.092		0.928
干扰强度 Disturbance intensity		0.340		0.170	2.003		0.054
海拔 Elevation		0.025		0.200	0.123		0.903
生境 Habitat		-0.045		0.387	-0.117		0.907
人为干扰(人类活动) Anthropogenic disturbance: human activities
全年 Whole year
截距 Intercept	0.105			0.277	0.381		0.706
干扰强度 Disturbance intensity	0.158			0.189	0.834		0.411
海拔 Elevation	-0.137			0.223	-0.614		0.544
生境 Habitat	-0.200			0.410	-0.487		0.630
季节 Season/变量 Variable		Beta系数 Beta coefficient	标准误 SE			T		P
繁殖季节 Breeding season
截距 Intercept	0.073		0.275			0.267		0.791
干扰强度 Disturbance intensity	-0.128		0.186			-0.689		0.496
海拔 Elevation	-0.159		0.220			-0.722		0.475
生境 Habitat	-0.139		0.409			-0.340		0.736
非繁殖季节 Non-breeding season
截距 Intercept	0.025		0.238			0.104		0.918
干扰强度 Disturbance intensity	0.525		0.154			3.402		0.002*
海拔 Elevation	-0.018		0.182			-0.100		0.921
生境 Habitat	-0.047		0.352			-0.133		0.895
人为干扰(放牧) Anthropogenic disturbance: grazing
全年 Whole year
截距 Intercept	0.075		0.278			0.272		0.788
干扰强度 Disturbance intensity	-0.082		0.181			-0.453		0.653
海拔 Elevation	-0.045		0.213			-0.210		0.835
生境 Habitat	-0.143		0.411			-0.348		0.730
繁殖季节 Breeding season
截距 Intercept	0.090		0.271			0.331		0.743
干扰强度 Disturbance intensity	-0.167		0.181			-0.923		0.363
海拔 Elevation	-0.157		0.212			-0.740		0.465
生境 Habitat	-0.170		0.401			-0.424		0.674
非繁殖季节 Non-breeding season
截距 Intercept	-0.003		0.277			-0.011		0.991
干扰强度 Disturbance intensity	-0.022		0.178			-0.122		0.904
海拔 Elevation	0.114		0.210			0.544		0.590
生境 Habitat	0.006		0.410			0.014		0.989
人为干扰(家养动物) Anthropogenic disturbance: domestic animals
全年 Whole year
截距 Intercept	0.085		0.279			0.307		0.761
干扰强度 Disturbance intensity	-0.033		0.178			-0.185		0.854
海拔 Elevation	-0.072		0.210			-0.342		0.734
生境 Habitat	-0.162		0.412			-0.392		0.697
繁殖季节 Breeding season
截距 Intercept	0.097		0.273			0.354		0.725
干扰强度 Disturbance intensity	-0.077		0.176			-0.436		0.666
海拔 Elevation	-0.229		0.207			-1.105		0.277
生境 Habitat	-0.184		0.404			-0.454		0.653
非繁殖季节 Non-breeding season
截距 Intercept	-0.019		0.278			-0.070		0.945
干扰强度 Disturbance intensity	0.095		0.177			0.536		0.596
海拔 Elevation	0.121		0.208			0.581		0.566
生境 Habitat	0.037		0.413			0.089		0.929

	繁殖季节 In breeding seasons	非繁殖季节 In non-breeding seasons	差异 Differences in activity levels	Wald值 Wald value	P
白腹锦鸡 Lady Amherst’s pheasants	0.503 ± 0.019	0.314 ± 0.019	0.188 ± 0.028	45.542	< 0.001
总体人为干扰 Overall anthropogenic disturbance	0.326 ± 0.015	0.320 ± 0.015	0.006 ± 0.022	0.089	0.756
人为干扰(人类活动) Anthropogenic disturbance: human activities	0.374 ± 0.020	0.352 ± 0.020	0.022 ± 0.028	0.633	0.426
人为干扰(放牧) Anthropogenic disturbance: grazing	0.222 ± 0.018	0.239 ± 0.019	-0.018 ± 0.026	0.455	0.500
人为干扰(家养动物) Anthropogenic disturbance: domestic animals	0.267 ± 0.063	0.250 ± 0.053	0.018 ± 0.083	0.045	0.832

	繁殖季节 In breeding seasons	非繁殖季节 In non-breeding seasons	差异 Differences in activity levels	Wald值 Wald value	P
白腹锦鸡 Lady Amherst’s pheasants	0.503 ± 0.019	0.314 ± 0.019	0.188 ± 0.028	45.542	< 0.001
总体人为干扰 Overall anthropogenic disturbance	0.326 ± 0.015	0.320 ± 0.015	0.006 ± 0.022	0.089	0.756
人为干扰(人类活动) Anthropogenic disturbance: human activities	0.374 ± 0.020	0.352 ± 0.020	0.022 ± 0.028	0.633	0.426
人为干扰(放牧) Anthropogenic disturbance: grazing	0.222 ± 0.018	0.239 ± 0.019	-0.018 ± 0.026	0.455	0.500
人为干扰(家养动物) Anthropogenic disturbance: domestic animals	0.267 ± 0.063	0.250 ± 0.053	0.018 ± 0.083	0.045	0.832

	平均重叠系数 Mean overlap coefficient (△)	平均零重叠度指数 Mean null overlap index	零重叠度标准误 Standard error of the null distribution	P
总体人为干扰 Overall anthropogenic disturbance
全年 Whole year	0.826	0.968	0.008	<0.001
繁殖季 Breeding season	0.879	0.956	0.012	<0.001
非繁殖季 Non-breeding season	0.786	0.958	0.011	<0.001
人为干扰(人类活动) Anthropogenic disturbance: human activities
全年 Whole year	0.860	0.964	0.009	<0.001
繁殖季 Breeding season	0.835	0.960	0.011	<0.001
非繁殖季 Non-breeding season	0.788	0.950	0.013	<0.001
人为干扰(放牧) Anthropogenic disturbance: grazing
全年 Whole year	0.660	0.951	0.012	<0.001
繁殖季 Breeding season	0.630	0.937	0.017	<0.001
非繁殖季 Non-breeding season	0.684	0.938	0.016	<0.001
人为干扰(家养动物) Anthropogenic disturbance: domestic animals
全年 Whole year	0.749	0.896	0.025	<0.001
繁殖季 Breeding season	0.757	0.868	0.035	<0.001
非繁殖季 Non-breeding season	0.679	0.858	0.036	<0.001

人为干扰对白腹锦鸡活动节律的影响

Effect of anthropogenic disturbance on Lady Amherst’s pheasant (Chrysolophus amherstiae) activity

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位点 Sites/季节 Season	平均重叠系数 Mean overlap coefficient (△)	平均零重叠度指数 Mean null overlap index	零重叠度标准误 Standard error of the null distribution	P
低人为干扰位点Camera sites with low anthropogenic disturbance
全年 Whole year (N = 20 sites)	0.858	0.957	0.012	<0.001
繁殖季 Breeding season (N = 32 sites)	0.842	0.954	0.012	<0.001
非繁殖季 Non-breeding season (N = 18 sites)	0.855	0.941	0.018	<0.001
高人为干扰位点 Camera sites with high anthropogenic disturbance
全年 Whole year (N = 16 sites)	0.741	0.956	0.011	<0.001
繁殖季 Breeding season (N = 4 sites)	0.647	0.809	0.074	0.024
非繁殖季 Non-breeding season (N = 18 sites)	0.783	0.951	0.013	<0.001

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