生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (8): 22168.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022168

• 保护与治理对策 • 上一篇    下一篇

双碳战略背景下城市生态系统的碳汇功能与生物多样性可以兼得

牛铜钢1, 刘为2,*()   

  1. 1.中国城市规划设计研究院, 北京 100044
    2.中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-06 接受日期:2022-07-04 出版日期:2022-08-20 发布日期:2022-08-31
  • 通讯作者: 刘为
  • 作者简介:* E-mail: liuwei08@caas.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中国农业科学院农科英才项目“青年英才计划”

The trade-off between biodiversity and carbon sink of urban ecosystem under the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality strategy

Tonggang Niu1, Wei Liu2,*()   

  1. 1. China Academy of Urban Planning & Design, Beijing 100044
    2. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
  • Received:2022-04-06 Accepted:2022-07-04 Online:2022-08-20 Published:2022-08-31
  • Contact: Wei Liu

摘要:

“碳达峰、碳中和”是中国对世界的庄严承诺, 也是当前指导我国可持续发展的重要战略。碳排放的空间分布表明, 城市及其周边地区是最主要的碳排放区。随着我国的城市化进程不断推进, 如何有效减少城市碳排放、增加碳汇成为关系着双碳战略成效的关键问题。作为城市空间中唯一的自然碳汇, 城市绿地生态系统的固碳增汇作用日益突出。加强城市绿地的碳汇建设, 如果按照传统的人工营建思路, 只种植在当前情景下碳汇能力强的少数植物种则很可能会减少生物多样性。基于植物分配有限资源时存在权衡关系的生态学一般原理, 不仅选取当前情景下碳汇能力强的植物, 还要考虑适应环境变化、在未来环境下碳汇能力强的植物, 以及遭遇极端环境时有一定碳汇能力的植物。在此框架下, 选取恰当的植物多样性组合有望实现更好的城市绿地碳汇功能, 即环境稳定时碳汇能力更强, 环境变化时碳汇能力更稳, 出现极端事件时碳汇损失更小。具体的做法包括: (1)扩展绿地物种库信息, 纳入植物的碳减排能力、适应环境变化能力、应对极端变化能力等信息; (2)考虑植物在碳汇能力与应对气候变化能力之间的权衡关系, 将植物分成不同类型的组, 比如高碳汇低适应、低碳汇高适应; (3)根据不同城市的环境和未来气候变化特点, 因地制宜地选择恰当植物组合营建城市绿地; (4)开展城市绿地建设的全生命周期碳计量, 以近自然方式营建和管养城市绿地, 减少管护过程的碳排放。这些举措有助于实现城市绿地碳汇能力提升与生物多样性保护的双重目标。城市生态系统的‌结构与功能共赢, 对落实双碳战略和生态文明建设意义重大。

关键词: 城市绿地, 城市生物多样性, 碳达峰, 碳中和, 碳排放, 固碳

Abstract

Background & Aims: “Carbon peaking and carbon neutrality” is an important strategy to guide the current development of China. Based on the spatial distribution of carbon emission areas, cities and their surrounding areas are the most carbon emission areas. With the urbanization in China, how to effectively reduce carbon emissions and increase carbon sinks has become a key issue. As the only natural carbon sink in urban space, the role of the urban greenspace system in carbon sequestration and increasing carbon sink is becoming prominent. However, it is unclear whether improving the carbon sequestration capacity of urban greenspace will affect biodiversity. Here we use the general principle of life-history evolution in ecology to analyze the trade-off between the carbon sink capacity and the ability to adapt to climate change in urban greenspace.

Results: This paper proposed that urban greenspace can both have biodiversity and carbon sink according to the following suggestions. First, the species database should incorporate the carbon reduction capacity, the ability to adapt to environmental changes, and the ability to cope with extreme changes. Second, the trade-off relationship between carbon sink capacity and ability to cope with climate change will divide species into different types, such as high carbon sink with low adaptation, and low carbon sink with high adaptation. Third, appropriate species are selected to improve the carbon sink function through diverse combinations. The carbon sink capacity could be stronger when the environment is stable, more stable when the environment is changing, and less loss of carbon sink when the environment is extreme. Finally, native plants should be used to improve biodiversity and reduce carbon emissions in the management process.

Conclusion: Improving the carbon sink capacity and biodiversity conservation will be achieved in the urban greenspace. The structure and function of the urban ecosystem are equally significant for the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality strategy and the construction of ecological civilization.

Key words: urban greenspace, urban biodiversity, carbon peaking, carbon neutrality, carbon emission, carbon sequestration