白蚁活动对中亚热带次生林和人工林的危害差异

doi:10.17520/biods.2021324

生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3): 21324. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021324

所属专题：昆虫多样性与生态功能

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

白蚁活动对中亚热带次生林和人工林的危害差异

王定一¹^,², 倪祥银¹^,³, 岳楷¹^,³, 张潇月³, 康自佳³, 朱玲³, 吴福忠¹^,³^,^*()

1.福建师范大学福建省植物生理生态重点实验室, 福州 350007
2.福建师范大学地理科学学院, 福州 350007
3.福建师范大学湿润亚热带山地生态国家重点实验室培育基地, 福州 350007

收稿日期:2021-08-17 接受日期:2022-01-14 出版日期:2022-03-20 发布日期:2022-02-07
通讯作者: 吴福忠
作者简介:*E-mail: wufzchina@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32001965);国家自然科学基金(32022056)

Effects of termite activities on a secondary forest and plantations in the mid-subtropical zone

Dingyi Wang¹^,², Xiangyin Ni¹^,³, Kai Yue¹^,³, Xiaoyue Zhang³, Zijia Kang³, Ling Zhu³, Fuzhong Wu¹^,³^,^*()

1 Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007
2 School of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007
3 State Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007

Received:2021-08-17 Accepted:2022-01-14 Online:2022-03-20 Published:2022-02-07
Contact: Fuzhong Wu

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中亚热带地区是中国南方重要的木材生产基地, 大量的地带性常绿阔叶林被转换成以杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)为代表的人工林。白蚁是森林中最主要的社会性昆虫之一, 其取食行为既对森林类型转换后林中的树木产生危害, 也对林间枯枝落叶的分解具有十分重要的意义, 但对二者缺乏统一的认识。本文以中亚热带典型的米槠(Castanopsis carlesii)次生林、米槠人工林和杉木人工林为研究对象, 调查了不同林分白蚁的活动特点及其范围。结果表明, 米槠次生林与杉木、米槠人工林中均普遍存在白蚁取食现象, 但白蚁对次生林的取食高度和面积均远低于人工林。白蚁对生物多样性较高的米槠次生林树干韧皮部的取食面积仅分别为米槠人工林的1.65%和杉木人工林的0.59‰, 取食高度的11.1%和1.2%。同时, 白蚁对杉木韧皮部的取食显著大于米槠, 对杉木的取食面积和高度分别是米槠的27.7倍和9.2倍。每隔0.5 m为一个统计区间, 白蚁对杉木树干2 m以下韧皮部取食面积比例由低往高为4 : 3 : 2 : 1, 对米槠1 m以下高度部位的取食面积比为99 : 1。此外, 白蚁对次生林地表覆盖的凋落枝和凋落叶的平均取食面积分别为51.7%和46.1%, 而人工林对应均值分别为17.5%和29.4%, 均表现为次生林高于人工林。这些结果表明白蚁对生物多样性较高的次生林危害小于杉木人工林, 且在人工林中可见危害主要体现在白蚁对韧皮部的取食, 在次生林主要体现在白蚁对凋落物残体的分解作用, 这为区域森林经营管理提供理论支撑。

关键词: 白蚁, 杉木, 次生林, 人工林, 生物多样性

Abstract

Aims Termites are common forest insects in subtropical forests, however, little attention has been paid to their damage on forests or contribution to soil carbon cycles through their effect on litter and wood decomposition in plantations and secondary forests in subtropical zones. Here, we investigated the range of termite activities in three typical types of forests in subtropical regions, i.e., Cunninghamia lanceolataplantation, Castanopsis carlesii plantation, and C. carlesiisecondary forest.

Methods We surveyed the foraging height and area of termite activities on tree stems in the three forest types to assess the effects of termite damage. We also investigated litter layer characteristics and the degree to which it was affected by termites to evaluate the role of termites in litter decomposition.

Results We found that: (1) termite activities are common in three forest types, while higher foraging preference occurred in plantations than in secondary forests; (2) the foraging area in stems of Castanopsis carlesiisecondary forests was only 1.65% and 0.59‰ of those in Castanopsis carlesii and Cunninghamia lanceolataplantations, respectively, with preference of termites on tree stems in Cunninghamia lanceolatacompared with Castanopsis carlesiiplantations; (3) the foraging area and height of termites in Cunninghamia lanceolataplantation are 27.7 and 9.2 times of those in Castanopsis carlesiiplantation, and the rate of the affected area of 0-50, 50-100, 100-150, 150-200 cm tree stem is 4 : 3 : 2 : 1 in Cunninghamia lanceolata, respectively, but are 99 : 1 in the 1 m height stem of Castanopsis carlesii; (4) termite activities were widely found in foliar litter as well as dead and fallen wood in all secondary forests and plantations, indicating an important role in the process of decomposition.

Conclusion Our results indicate that termites may have higher effects on plantations than secondary forests and have negative effects in damaging tree stems. Termites also likely promote the decomposition of foliar litter and dead wood in secondary forest. These results will provide theoretical support for the management of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations in the mid-subtropical zone.

Key words: termite, Cunninghamia lanceolata, secondary forest, plantation, biodiversity

王定一, 倪祥银, 岳楷, 张潇月, 康自佳, 朱玲, 吴福忠 (2022) 白蚁活动对中亚热带次生林和人工林的危害差异. 生物多样性, 30, 21324. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021324.

Dingyi Wang, Xiangyin Ni, Kai Yue, Xiaoyue Zhang, Zijia Kang, Ling Zhu, Fuzhong Wu (2022) Effects of termite activities on a secondary forest and plantations in the mid-subtropical zone. Biodiversity Science, 30, 21324. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021324.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2021324

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图/表 6

表1 试验地杉木人工林、米槠人工林与米槠次生林的样地特征

Table 1 Forest characters of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation, Castanopsis carlesii plantation, and C. carlesii secondary forest in the study plots

林分类型 Forest type	树高 Tree height (m)	胸径 DBH (m)	密度 Density (ind./ha)	林龄 Forest age (yr)
杉木人工林 Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation	11.30	0.15	2,860	9
米槠人工林 Castanopsis carlesii plantation	8.77	0.88	2,400	9
米槠次生林 Castanopsis carlesii secondary forest	7.87	0.51	13,300	9

图1 杉木人工林(CLP)、米槠人工林(CCP)及米槠次生林(CSF)树干白蚁活动痕迹

Fig. 1 Traces of termite activity on the trunks of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation (CLP), Castanopsis carlesii plantation (CCP), and C. carlesii secondary forest (CSF)

图2 杉木人工林、米槠人工林及米槠次生林活立木(A)及枯立木和倒木(B)受白蚁危害比例(平均值 ± 标准差)

Fig. 2 Ratio of termite damaged of the living trees (A), dead standing trees and downed logs (B) of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation (CLP), Castanopsis carlesii plantation (CCP), and C. carlesii secondary forest (CSF) (mean ± SD)

图3 杉木和米槠活树(A, C)及枯立木(B, D)受白蚁危害高度及占树高比值(平均值 ± 标准差)

Fig. 3 Height of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Castanopsis carlesii living trees (A, C) and dead standing trees (B, D) damaged by termites and their proportion (mean ± SD). CLP, Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation; CCP, Castanopsis carlesii plantation; CSF, C. carlesii secondary forest

图4 杉木、米槠韧皮部受白蚁危害总面积及不同高度面积大小和比例(平均值 ± 标准差)。(A)白蚁危害树干区域面积; (B)白蚁危害区域面积占树干比例; (C)树干不同高度受危害区域占比; (D)不同林分0-200 cm树干白蚁危害面积分布。CLP: 杉木人工林; CCP: 米槠人工林; CSF: 米槠次生林。

Fig. 4 The total area of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Castanopsis carlesii damaged by termites and the size and proportion of different height areas (mean ± SD). (A) Termite damaged area in the stem of living trees; (B) Rate of termite damaged area of living trees; (C) Rate of damaged area in 2-meter-height stem of living trees; (D) Termite damaged area in 2-meter-height stem of different heights in different forest. CLP, Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation; CCP, Castanopsis carlesii plantation; CSF, C. carlesii secondary forest.

图5 杉木人工林(CLP)、米槠人工林(CCP)及米槠次生林(CSF)地表凋落物覆盖度及受白蚁影响程度(平均值 ± 标准差)

Fig. 5 The coverage of litter on the surface and the degree of impact by termites in Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation (CLP), Castanopsis carlesii plantation (CCP), and C. carlesii secondary forest (CSF) (mean ± SD)

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白蚁活动对中亚热带次生林和人工林的危害差异

Effects of termite activities on a secondary forest and plantations in the mid-subtropical zone

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