生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (1): 21323. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021323
王瑞武1,*(), 李敏岚1,2, 韩嘉旭1, 王超1,*()
收稿日期:
2021-08-17
接受日期:
2021-10-21
出版日期:
2022-01-20
发布日期:
2022-01-29
通讯作者:
王瑞武,王超
作者简介:
* 共同通讯作者. E-mail: chaowang@nwpu.edu.cn;wangrw@nwpu.edu.cn基金资助:
Ruiwu Wang1,*(), Minlan Li1,2, Jiaxu Han1, Chao Wang1,*()
Received:
2021-08-17
Accepted:
2021-10-21
Online:
2022-01-20
Published:
2022-01-29
Contact:
Ruiwu Wang,Chao Wang
摘要:
自然选择理论认为生物个体或者种群在进化的过程中, 其基因或者性状、行为策略的选择一定是能够提高其适合度或者达到某个可期的“目标”。然而, 随着某个突变基因或者性状特征、行为策略在种群中扩散, 其期望收益将随着其在种群中分布的密度变化或环境改变而发生改变, 这就是适合度景观的悖论, 即静态的、固定可期望的收益可能因此而不存在。基于动态而非静态适合度景观的概念, 我们提出路径依赖的自然选择概念。路径依赖的自然选择过程中, 一个突变的基因或表型在某种环境下随机产生, 但是该基因或表型在某些特定环境下会产生正反馈。尤其是在正反馈与随机漂变的共同作用下, 多条路径的演化就可能发生, 并且其路径的形成将同时受到其种群进化历史过程和空间特征分布等因素的强烈影响。而在不同路径下, 由于观测维度、角度和尺度的不同, 适合度意义将因此而存在不同。在此意义下, 自然选择更可能选择路径频率而不是适合度大小。基于上述概念, 我们借鉴现代物理学中复函数的方法, 来描述多重动力对物种形成或者生物特征、种群进化等路径依赖的演化过程, 以期为同域物种、隐存种形成以及生物多样性演化提供解释机制。
王瑞武, 李敏岚, 韩嘉旭, 王超 (2022) 适合度的相对性与路径依赖的自然选择. 生物多样性, 30, 21323. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021323.
Ruiwu Wang, Minlan Li, Jiaxu Han, Chao Wang (2022) Fitness relativity and path-dependent selection. Biodiversity Science, 30, 21323. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021323.
图1 适合度演化的经典理论。适合度景观保持静态, 物种性状向适合度大的地方演化。
Fig. 1 Fitness landscape in classical theory, in which the fitness of each trait keeps constant, and the traits with locally maximum fitness become the evolutionary aim.
图2 适合度演化的非平衡态理论。这时适合度景观是动态的。在A点时, 右侧性状适合度比较大, 物种向适合度较大的B性状演化。但演化到B点时, 适合度景观发生变化, 适合度并没有如预期增长。
Fig. 2 Fitness landscape in the nonequilibrium theory, in which the fitness of each phenotype might vary greatly. For example, when trait A evolves to trait B who has higher fitness, the individual’s fitness with trait A will not increase as expected. This is because the fitness of each trait might vary with the change of population structure and environment.
图3 表型A从表型值x0出发演化到表型值xn的其中两条路径。从x0到xn的转移概率是两个表型值之间所有可能经历的类似路径的概率求和。
Fig. 3 Two paths as the example of all of the paths that the trait A evolves from x0 to xn. The probability evolving from x0 to xn, is the sum of all of the paths’ probabilities.
图4 物种分布示意图。沿路径依赖的自然选择下形成的物种根据其所在路径的概率不同, 在某个时刻形成物种分布的山峰图, 连绵的山脉和独立的山头分别体现了物种的连续性和分立性。
Fig. 4 Conceptual diagram of species distribution. In path-dependent speciation, the shape of species peaks at a specific time will depend on the probability of its evolutionary path. The continuous mountains and the independent peaks represent the continuity and separation of species, respectively.
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