广西雅长自然保护区洞穴动物调查

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.07212

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

洞穴生物多样性是生物多样性的重要组成部分。广西是我国喀斯特地貌主要分布区之一, 洞穴生物多样性丰富, 但目前研究甚少。2007年5-6月, 对广西雅长自然保护区8个洞穴中的动物进行了采集分类, 共获标本180余号, 隶属4门10纲20目31科36种(或类群)。其中, 洞穴灶马、马陆、蜘蛛等为洞穴常见类群, 弹尾目、蜈蚣目、双翅目的蚊类、蝇类等是洞穴分布较广泛的类群, 蜚蠊目、脉翅目等在洞穴中很少见到, 是数量极少的稀有类群。潮湿洞穴比干燥洞穴物种多样性丰富, 较深的洞穴比较浅的洞穴物种多样性丰富, 在同一洞穴中, 潮湿的洞段比干燥洞段分布的洞穴动物数量多。就洞穴动物的居栖习性而言, 洞穴温度适中、湿度大、洞穴环境稳定, 不受外来洪水或外来生物的侵扰, 比较适宜洞穴动物生存。另在调查的过程中, 发现部分洞穴生态环境遭到严重破坏, 洞穴生物的生存受到威胁, 为防止我国洞穴生物多样性的丧失, 必须加强当地居民的洞穴生物多样性保护意识, 保护洞穴环境, 并制定相关法律法规保护洞穴生物。

关键词: 雅长自然保护区, 洞穴动物, 分布, 种类, 居栖习性

Abstract

Cave fauna is an important component of biodiversity. Guangxi has the most spectacular Karst scenery in China beneath which lies a plenty of unexplored cave fauna. However, very little research has been carried out to document them. We collected and identified 180 cave animal specimens, from eight caves in Yachang Nature Reserve, Leye County, NW Guangxi between May and June of 2007. These specimens belonged to 4 phyla, 10 classes, 20 orders, 31 families, and 36 species/groups. Among them, cave crickets, millipedes and spiders are the most widely occurring animals, while Cololembola, Scolopendromorpha, the mosquitoes and flies of Diptera are widely distributed. Blattaria and Neuroptera are only occasionally found. There are more cave animals in wet or longer caves than in dry or shorter ones. In the same cave, dry segment has less cave animals than wet segment. In general, moderate temperature, high humidity, a stable cave environment and an absence of exotic invasive species provides an ideal habitat for cave animals. Unfortunately, we found that some caves have been seriously damaged due to the lack of conservation, which threatens the survival of cave fauna. To avoid loss of Chinese cave biodiversity, we should arouse public awareness of protecting the cave environment. Furthermore, laws of cave biodiversity protection should be made as soon as possible.

Key words: Yachang Nature Reserve, cave fauna, classification, distribution, inhabitation

李学珍, 牛长缨, 焦忠久, 雷朝亮, 谭学锋 (2008) 广西雅长自然保护区洞穴动物调查. 生物多样性, 16, 185-190. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.07212.

Xuezhen Li, Changying Niu, Zhongjiu Jiao, Chaoliang Lei, Xuefeng Tan (2008) Cave fauna in Yachang Nature Reserve, Guangxi. Biodiversity Science, 16, 185-190. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.07212.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.07212

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2008/V16/I2/185

图/表 1

参考文献 17

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物种 Species	下岩洞XiayanDong	蓝家湾天坑 LanjiawanTianKeng	后头湾村旁洞 Houtouwancunpang Dong	黄鲸洞天坑 Huangjingdong TianKeng	仙女洞Xian Nü Dong	深洞Shen Dong	蛇洞She Dong	岩屋洞Yanwu Dong
扁形动物门 Platyhelminthes
涡虫纲 Turbellaria
多目涡虫属一种 Polycelis sp.	+
软体动物门 Mollusca
腹足纲 Castropoda
奈氏土欧螺 Georissa nachmanni	+							+
琥珀螺属一种 Succinea sp.								+
土蜗属一种 Galbasp.	+		+			+	+	+
同型巴蜗牛 Bradydaena similaris	+
节肢动物门 Arthropoda
甲壳纲 Crustacea
盲虾属一种 Typhlocaridinasp.	+
钩虾属一种 Gammarussp.	+
蛛形纲 Arachnolida
弱蛛属两种 Leptonetaspp.	+	+	+		+		+
温室希蛛 Achaearanea tepidarwrum				+		+		+
拟蟹蝎属一种 Chthoniussp.			+
唇足纲 Chilopoda
大理地蜈蚣 Mecistocephalus marmoratus	+	+						+
重足纲 Diplopoda
姬马陆属一种 Kronopussp.	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
棍跗雕背带马陆 Epanerchodus stylotarseus	+			+		+		+
旋马陆属一种 Hylominisp.	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
昆虫纲 Insecta
蜻蜓目幼虫一种	+							+
中华真地鳖 Eupolyphaga sinensis	+
斑灶马属两种 Diestrammena spp.	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
蚁蛉 Myrmeleom formicarius								+
步甲属一种 Jujiroa sp.	+
克拉克拟步甲 Giraffaphaenops clarkei								+
拟步甲属一种 Xiayanaphaenops sp.	+
虎甲属一种 Cicindelasp.	+
前角隐翅虫属一种 Aleocharasp.	+					+	+	+
大蚊属一种 Tipulasp.	+							+
蚊属一种 Mochlonyx sp.	+					+	+	+
扁角菌蚊属一种 Chetoneura sp.	+							+
黑带食蚜蝇 Epistrophc baltcata		+	+	+		+	+
尺蛾属一种 Apocheima sp.								+
大蓑蛾 Cryplothelea variegata							+
弹尾纲 Cololembola
长角跳虫科一种	+	+	+			+		+
脊索动物门 Chordata
鱼纲 Pisces
鲤 Cyprinus carpio	+
麦穗鱼 Pseudorasbora parva	+
两栖纲 Amphibia
类似蝌蚪一种	+
哺乳纲 Mammalia
大蹄蝠 Hipposideros armiger	+
总计 Total	28	9	10	8	6	12	11	20

物种 Species	下岩洞XiayanDong	蓝家湾天坑 LanjiawanTianKeng	后头湾村旁洞 Houtouwancunpang Dong	黄鲸洞天坑 Huangjingdong TianKeng	仙女洞Xian Nü Dong	深洞Shen Dong	蛇洞She Dong	岩屋洞Yanwu Dong
扁形动物门 Platyhelminthes
涡虫纲 Turbellaria
多目涡虫属一种 Polycelis sp.	+
软体动物门 Mollusca
腹足纲 Castropoda
奈氏土欧螺 Georissa nachmanni	+							+
琥珀螺属一种 Succinea sp.								+
土蜗属一种 Galbasp.	+		+			+	+	+
同型巴蜗牛 Bradydaena similaris	+
节肢动物门 Arthropoda
甲壳纲 Crustacea
盲虾属一种 Typhlocaridinasp.	+
钩虾属一种 Gammarussp.	+
蛛形纲 Arachnolida
弱蛛属两种 Leptonetaspp.	+	+	+		+		+
温室希蛛 Achaearanea tepidarwrum				+		+		+
拟蟹蝎属一种 Chthoniussp.			+
唇足纲 Chilopoda
大理地蜈蚣 Mecistocephalus marmoratus	+	+						+
重足纲 Diplopoda
姬马陆属一种 Kronopussp.	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
棍跗雕背带马陆 Epanerchodus stylotarseus	+			+		+		+
旋马陆属一种 Hylominisp.	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
昆虫纲 Insecta
蜻蜓目幼虫一种	+							+
中华真地鳖 Eupolyphaga sinensis	+
斑灶马属两种 Diestrammena spp.	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
蚁蛉 Myrmeleom formicarius								+
步甲属一种 Jujiroa sp.	+
克拉克拟步甲 Giraffaphaenops clarkei								+
拟步甲属一种 Xiayanaphaenops sp.	+
虎甲属一种 Cicindelasp.	+
前角隐翅虫属一种 Aleocharasp.	+					+	+	+
大蚊属一种 Tipulasp.	+							+
蚊属一种 Mochlonyx sp.	+					+	+	+
扁角菌蚊属一种 Chetoneura sp.	+							+
黑带食蚜蝇 Epistrophc baltcata		+	+	+		+	+
尺蛾属一种 Apocheima sp.								+
大蓑蛾 Cryplothelea variegata							+
弹尾纲 Cololembola
长角跳虫科一种	+	+	+			+		+
脊索动物门 Chordata
鱼纲 Pisces
鲤 Cyprinus carpio	+
麦穗鱼 Pseudorasbora parva	+
两栖纲 Amphibia
类似蝌蚪一种	+
哺乳纲 Mammalia
大蹄蝠 Hipposideros armiger	+
总计 Total	28	9	10	8	6	12	11	20