中国国家重点保护野生植物的就地保护现状

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08293

生物多样性 ›› 2009, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (3): 280-287. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08293 cstr: 32101.14.SP.J.1003.2009.08293

中国国家重点保护野生植物的就地保护现状

苑虎¹^,², 张殷波³, 覃海宁⁴, 刘燕¹, 喻梅²^,^*()

1 北京林业大学园林学院, 北京 100083
2 中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 北京 100093
3 山西大学环境与资源学院, 太原 030006
4 中国科学院植物研究所文献与信息管理中心, 北京 100093

收稿日期:2008-11-17 接受日期:2009-05-04 出版日期:2009-05-20 发布日期:2009-05-20
通讯作者: 喻梅
作者简介:*E-mail: meiyu@ibcas.ac.cn
基金资助:
科技部支撑计划重大项目(2007BAC03A08-8);国家自然科学基金(NSFC30500074)

The in situconservation of state key protected wild plants in national nature reserves in China

Hu Yuan¹^,², Yinbo Zhang³, Haining Qin⁴, Yan Liu¹, Mei Yu²^,^*()

1 College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083
2 State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093
3 College of Environmental Science and Resources, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006
4 Center for Documentation and Information, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093

Received:2008-11-17 Accepted:2009-05-04 Online:2009-05-20 Published:2009-05-20
Contact: Mei Yu

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

就地保护即建立自然保护区是保护珍稀濒危野生植物的最佳手段。本研究以文献资料为基础, 分析了截至2008年我国建立的国家级自然保护区对已正式颁布的《国家重点保护野生植物名录(第一批)》中所列物种的就地保护状况。在全国尺度上, 国家级自然保护区共保护国家重点保护野生植物237种(含变种), 占总数的80.07%。其中I级保护植物56种。在省级尺度上, 云南、广西、四川、贵州、湖南5省区国家级自然保护区内分布的国家重点保护野生植物数量最多。通过分析各省区未受到国家级自然保护区保护的重点保护野生植物分布状况, 提出了国家重点保护野生植物就地保护的热点地区。

关键词: 自然保护区, 野生植物, 就地保护, 热点地区

Abstract

In situ conservation, that is, the establishment of nature reserves, is the best means to protect rare and endangered wild plants. By collecting and analyzing the distribution information on state key protected wild plants, we investigated the protected conditions of these species within the national natural reserves as of 2008 based on the data available in China. The results indicated that totally 237 state key protected wild plant species (including varieties) have been protected in the national natural reserve system, accounting for 80.07% of the total amount and including 56 species listed in Class I. At the provincial level, national nature reserves in Yunnan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou and Hunan provinces contributed the most to the protection of state key protected wild plants. We also determined the major distribution areas of these protected wild plants and pointed out the hot spots for in situ conservation by analyzing distribution conditions of protected plants unprotected by national nature reserves in provinces.

Key words: nature reserve, wild plants, in situ conservation, hot spots

苑虎, 张殷波, 覃海宁, 刘燕, 喻梅 (2009) 中国国家重点保护野生植物的就地保护现状. 生物多样性, 17, 280-287. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08293.

Hu Yuan, Yinbo Zhang, Haining Qin, Yan Liu, Mei Yu (2009) The in situconservation of state key protected wild plants in national nature reserves in China. Biodiversity Science, 17, 280-287. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08293.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08293

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2009/V17/I3/280

图/表 6

参考文献 42

[1]	Department of Nature and Ecology Conservation, Ministry of Environmental Protection (国家环境保护总局自然生态保护司), Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Mnistry of Environmental Protection (国家环境保护总局南京环境科学研究所) (2006) National Nature Reserves of China (中国国家级自然保护区). China Environmental Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
[2]	Brooks TM, Bakarr MI, Boucher T, Da Fonseca GAB, Hiltontaylor C, Hoekstra JM, Moritz T, Olivieri S, Parrish J, Pressey RL, Rodrigues ASL, Sechrest W, Stettersfield A, Strahm W, Stuart SN (2004) Coverage provided by the global protected-area system: is it enough? BioScience, 54,1081-1091.
[3]	Chai Y (柴勇), Meng GT (孟广涛), Wu L (武力) (2007) Structure characteristics and resource protection of national key protected plants in Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve. Journal of West China Forestry Science (西部林业科学), 36(4),57-63. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]	Chen XC (陈西仓), Pei JH (裴俊华) (2006) National level priority wild plant resources in Gansu Province. Forest By-Product and Speciality in China (中国林副特产), (1),44-49. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]	Cui GF (崔国发) (2004) Special research fields and hot spots in science of nature reserves. Journal of Beijing Forestry University (北京林业大学学报), 26(6),102-105. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]	Eken G, Bennun L, Brooks TM, Darwall W, Fishpool LDC, Foster M, Knox D, Langhammer P, Matiku P, Radford E, Salaman P, Sechrest W, Smith ML, Spector S, Tordoff A (2004) Key biodiversity areas as site conservation targets. BioScience, 54,1110-1118.
[7]	Gao HS (高海山), Xu WB (许为斌), Liu Y (刘演) (2007) Investigation of the national key protected wild plants in Huaping Nature Reserve Guangxi, China. Chinese Wild Plant Resources (中国野生植物资源), 26(3),28-31. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]	Ge JW (葛继稳), Wu JQ (吴金清), Zhu ZQ (朱兆泉), Yang JY (杨敬元), Lei Y (雷耘) (1998) The present status and in-situ conservation of the rare and endangered plants in Hubei Province. Chinese Biodiversity (生物多样性), 6,220-228. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]	Jiang MK (蒋明康), Wang Z (王智), Qin WH (秦卫华), He ZH (贺昭和) (2006) Effectiveness of national priority wildlife protection in nature reserves. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment (生态与农村环境学报), 22(4),35-38. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]	Jiang MK (蒋明康), Wang Z (王智), Zhu GQ (朱广庆), Tao SM (陶思明), Zhou HL (周海丽) (2004) Chinese nature reserve classification standard based on IUCN protected area categories. Rural Eco-Environment (农村生态环境), 20(2),1-6, 11. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]	Jiang ZG (蒋志刚) (2005) On the upper limit of the area of the strictly protected nature reserves in China. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 25,1205-1212. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]	Jennings MD (2000) Gap analysis: concepts, methods, and recent results. Landscape Ecology, 15,5-20.
[13]	Jin SH (金水虎), Yu J (俞建), Ding BY (丁炳扬), Yu MJ (于明坚), Jiang WM (姜维梅) (2002) Current situation of distribution and conservation of national wild plants for protection in Zhejiang Province. Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Sciences and Technology (浙江林业科技), 22(2),48-53. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]	Li DQ (李迪强), Jiang ZG (蒋志刚), Wang ZW (王祖望) (1999) Biodiversity spatial characteristics and GAP analysis in Qinghai Lake region. Journal of Natural Resources (自然资源学报), 14,47-54. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]	Li XX (李潇晓) (2008) The present situation and managing countermeasure of the nature reserves of Guangxi. Journal of Guangxi Academy of Sciences (广西科学院学报), 24,141-143. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]	Li YY (李玉媛), SiMa YK (司马永康), Fang B (方波), Guo LQ (郭立群), Jiang H (蒋宏), Zhao WS (赵文书) (2003) Current situation and evaluation of natural resources of the priority protection wild plants in Yunnan Province of China. Acta Botanica Yunnanica (云南植物研究), 25,181-191. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]	Li ZP (李忠平), Tang XP (唐小平) (2006) In situ Conservation of National Key Protected Wild Plants in China (国家重点野生植物的就地保护). China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing. (in Chinese)
[18]	Luo YP (罗彦平), Liu JC (刘俊昌) (2007) The research on status of the utilization and protection of wild plants and relevant countermeasures. Forest Inventory and Planning (林业调查规划), 32(3),132-135. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]	MacDougall AS, Loo JA, Clayden SR, Goltz JG, Hinds HR (1998) Defining conservation priorities for plant taxa in southeastern New Brunwick, Canada using herbarium records. Biological Conservation, 86,325-338.
[20]	Maiorano L, Falcucci A, Boitani L (2006) Gap analysis of terrestrial vertebrates in Italy: priorities for conservation planning in a human dominated landscape. Biological Conservation, 133,455-473.
[21]	Margules CR, Pressey RL (2000) Systematic conservation planning. Nature, 405,243-253. URL PMID
[22]	Miao SY (缪绅裕), Wang HL (王厚鳞), He XT (何晓婷), Lin MS (林慕珊) (2008) Evaluation on the sustainable development potential of forestry nature reserves in Guangdong Province, China. Journal of Guangzhou University (Natural Science Edition) (广州大学学报(自然科学版)), 7(2),10-13. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]	Myers N, Mittermeier RA, Mittermeier CG, Da Fonseca GAB, Kent J (2000) Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature, 403,853-858. DOI URL PMID
[24]	Pressey RL, Whish GL, Barrett TW, Watts ME (2002) Effectiven of protected areas in north-eastern New South Wales: recent trends in six measures. Biological Conservation, 106,57-69.
[25]	Pressey RL, Taffs KH (2001) Sampling of land types by protected areas: three measures of effectiveness applied to western New South Wales. Biological Conservation, 101,105-117.
[26]	Pu YH (蒲云海), Li HP (李洪鹏), Zhang YK (张应坤) (2007) Current situation and protective strategies of national key protected wild plants in Hubei Province. Hubei Forestry Science and Technology (湖北林业科技), (3),47-51. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]	Rodrigues ASL, Akcakaya HR, Andelman SJ, Bakarr MI, Boitani L, Brooks TM, Chanson JS, Fishpool LDC, Da Fonseca GAB, Gaston KJ, Hoffmann M, Marquet PA, Pilgrim JD, Pressey RL, Schipper J, Sechrest W, Stuart SN, Underhill LG, Waller RW, Watts MEJ, Xie Y (2004) Global gap analysis: priority regions for expanding the global protected-area network. BioScience, 54,1092-1100.
[28]	Rodrigues ASL, Andelman SJ, Bakarr MI, Boitani L, Brooks TM, Cowling RM, Fishpool LDC, Da Fonseca GAB, Gaston KJ, Hoffmann M, Long JS, Marquet PA, Pilgrim JD, Pressey RL, Schipper J, Sechrest W, Stuart SN, Underhill LG, Waller RW, Watts MEJ, Xie Y (2004) Effectiveness of the global protected area network in representing species diversity. Nature, 428,640-643. URL PMID
[29]	Root KV, Akcakaya HR, Ginzburg L (2003) A multispecies approach to ecological valuation and conservation. Conservation Biology, 17,196-206.
[30]	Scott JM, Davis F, Custi B, Noss R, Butterfield B, Groves C, Anderson H, Caicco S, D'erchia F, Edwards TC, Ulliman J, Wright RG (1993) GAP analysis: A geographic approach to protection of biological diversity. Wildlife Monographs, 123,1-41.
[31]	Scott JM, Davis FW, McGhie RG, Wright RG, Groves C, Estes J (2001) Nature reserves: do they capture the full range of America's biological diversity? Ecological Applications, 11,999-1007.
[32]	Stem C, Margoluis R, Salafsky N, Brown M (2005) Monitoring and evaluation in conservation: a review of trends and approaches. Conservation Biology, 19,295-309.
[33]	Sun MJ (孙孟军), Chen ZH (陈征海), Weng WS (翁卫松), Ying SD (应顺东), Du Q (杜群) (2001) New records on the distribution of the rare and endangered plants in Zhejiang. Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Sciences and Technology (浙江林业科技), 21(4),7-10. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[34]	Turner WR, Wilcove DS, Swain HM (2006) Assessing the effectiveness of reserve acquisition programs in protecting rare and threatened species. Conservation Biology, 20,1657-1669. DOI URL PMID
[35]	Wang CT (王昌腾) (2007) A study on in situ conservation of important national protected wild plants in Zhejiang Province. Journal of Fujian Forestry Science and Technology (福建林业科技), 34,235-239. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[36]	Wang YE (王银娥), Zhang J (张军), Yang FY (杨风英), Chen AQ (陈爱青) (2006) Approach on protective countermeasures of rare and endangered wild plants in Shanxi Province. Shanxi Forestry Science and Technology (山西林业科技), (3),4-6. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[37]	Xie ZH (谢志红), Xu YX (徐永新) (2003) Evaluation of management effectiveness of the nature reserves from Hunan Province. Hunan Forestry Science and Technology (湖南林业科技), 30 (2),7-10. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[38]	Yu H (喻泓), Zhang XS (张学顺), Yang XH (杨晓晖), Xiao SG (肖曙光), Luo JC (罗菊春), Cui GF (崔国发) (2007) A new category system of China nature reserves based on their attributes. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 18,2289-2294. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[39]	Yu YF (于永福) (1999) The national key protected wild plants in China. Plants (植物杂志), (5),3-11. (in Chinese)
[40]	Zang M (臧敏), Huang LF (黄立发), Li DY (李典友), Mao SJ (毛尚俊), Qiu XL (邱筱兰), Ling Y (凌云) (2007) Space-time analysis on the national protected wild plants in Jiangxi Province. Guihaia (广西植物), 27 (1),77-83. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[41]	Zhang YB (张殷波), Ma KP (马克平) (2008a) Geographic distribution characteristics of the national key protected wild plants in China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 19,1670-1675. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[42]	Zhang YB, Ma KP (2008b) Geographical distribution patterns and status assessment of threatened plants in China. Biodiversity and Conservation, 17,1783-1798.

	科数 Number of families	属数 Number of genera	种数 Number of species	占保护植物比例 Proportion (%)	I级植物种数 Species under Class I
蕨类植物 Ferns	14	17	36	12.16	6
裸子植物 Gymnosperms	7	23	66	22.30	34
被子植物 Angiosperms	68	151	194	65.54	33
总计 Total	89	191	296	100.00	73

	科数 Number of families	属数 Number of genera	种数 Number of species	占保护植物比例 Proportion (%)	I级植物种数 Species under Class I
蕨类植物 Ferns	14	17	36	12.16	6
裸子植物 Gymnosperms	7	23	66	22.30	34
被子植物 Angiosperms	68	151	194	65.54	33
总计 Total	89	191	296	100.00	73

	科数 Number of families (%)	属数 Number of genera (%)	种数 Number of species (%)	I级保护种数 Species under Class I
蕨类植物 Ferns	11 (78.57)	14 (82.35)	26 (72.22)	3 (50.00)
裸子植物 Gymnosperms	7 (100.00)	22 (95.65)	56 (84.85)	27 (79.41)
被子植物 Angiosperms	61 (89.71)	124 (82.12)	155 (79.90)	26 (78.79)
保护植物总数 Total	79 (88.76)	160 (83.77)	237 (80.07)	56 (76.71)

	科数 Number of families (%)	属数 Number of genera (%)	种数 Number of species (%)	I级保护种数 Species under Class I
蕨类植物 Ferns	11 (78.57)	14 (82.35)	26 (72.22)	3 (50.00)
裸子植物 Gymnosperms	7 (100.00)	22 (95.65)	56 (84.85)	27 (79.41)
被子植物 Angiosperms	61 (89.71)	124 (82.12)	155 (79.90)	26 (78.79)
保护植物总数 Total	79 (88.76)	160 (83.77)	237 (80.07)	56 (76.71)

类型 Types	分布地点 Locations
蕨类植物 Ferns
光叶蕨 Cystoathyrium chinense	四川省天全县二郎山鸳鸯岩至团牛坪 From Yuanyangyan to Tuanniuping of Erlang Mountains in Tianquan County, Sichuan
台湾水韭 Iso?tes taiwanensis	台湾省台北县七星山 Qixing Mountain inTai-Pei County, Taiwan
云贵水韭 Iso?tes yunguiensis	贵州省平坝县、贵阳市; 云南省昆明市北郊黑龙潭、寻甸县 Pingba County and Guiyang City, Guizhou, Heilongtan in the north of Kunming City, and Xundian Country, Yunnan
裸子植物 Gymnosperms
元宝山冷杉 Abies yuanbaoshanensis	广西融水县元宝山 Yuanbao Mountain, Rongshui County, Guangxi
台湾穗花杉 Amentotaxus formosana	台湾省屏东县里龙山、台东县大武山 Li Long Mountain, Pingdong County, and Dawu Mountain, Taidong County, Taiwan
巨柏 Cupressus gigantea	西藏波密县易贡、朗县雅鲁藏布江流域以东、林芝县尼洋河下游、米林县河谷地区 Yigong of Bomi County, east of Yaluzangbu River of Lang County, lower reaches of Niyang River of Linzhi County, and Valley area in Milin County, Tibet
德保苏铁 Cycas debaoensis	广西德保县扶平乡扶平村, 那坡县 Fuping Village, Fuping Town, Debao County, and Napo County, Guangxi
锈毛苏铁 Cycas ferruginea	广西桂林市雁山、田东、田阳 Yanshan, Tiandong and Tianyang, Guilin City, Guangxi
台东苏铁 Cycas taitungensis	台湾省台东县 Taidong County, Taiwan
密叶红豆杉 Taxus fuana	西藏吉隆县吉隆镇叶隆村、鲁嘎村 Yelong Village and Luga Village, Jilong Town, Jilong County, Tibet
被子植物 Angiosperms
峨眉拟单性木兰 Parakmeria omeiensis	四川省峨眉山市峨眉山红椿坪, 峨嵋山清音阁以上二道桥至茶棚一带 From Erdaoqiao to Chapeng, Qingyinge and Hongchunping, Emei Mountain, Emeishan City, Sichuan
膝柄木 Bhesa robusta	广西东兴市江平镇、合浦县南康镇 Jiangping Town, Dongxing City and Nankang Town, Hepu County, Guangxi
萼翅藤 Calycopteris floribunda	云南省盈江县那邦坝至红崩河镇沿羯羊河左岸 Along the left bank of the Xieyang River, from Nabangba to Hongbenghe Town, Yingjiang County, Yunnan
普陀鹅耳枥 Carpinus putoensis	浙江省舟山市舟山群岛普陀岛佛顶山 Foding Mountain, Putuo Island, Zhoushan Archipelago, Zhoushan City, Zhejiang
报春苣苔 Primulina tabacum	广东省乐昌市、连州市、乳源县、阳山县; 湖南省宁远县 Lechang City, Lianzhou City, Ruyuan County and Yangshan County, Guangdong and Ningyuan County, Hunan
长喙毛茛泽泻 Ranalisma rostratum	浙江省丽水市莲都区四明山、湖南省茶陵县尧水乡 Siming Mountain, Liandu district, Lishui City, Zhejiang, and Raoshui Town, Chaling County, Hunan
辐花苣苔 Thamnocharis esquirolii	贵州省兴仁县、贞丰县 Xingren County and Zhenfeng County, Guizhou

中国国家重点保护野生植物的就地保护现状

The in situconservation of state key protected wild plants in national nature reserves in China

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 6

参考文献 42

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	张同, 梁力文, 王长剑, 舒服, 王璐, 郭泽光, 卓玛曲珍, 钱芊, 蒋安莉, 敖俊杰, 彭兴文, 伍小刚, 向左甫, 郭克疾, 廖梓延. 基于红外相机的西藏芒康滇金丝猴国家级自然保护区鸟兽多样性及代表性物种的季节性空间利用特征[J]. 生物多样性, 2026, 34(4): 25435-.
[2]	侯姝彧, 刘盈盈, 杨锐. 《昆蒙框架》背景下国际OECMs体系构建实践进展及中国化思路[J]. 生物多样性, 2026, 34(3): 25264-.
[3]	周铝, 姚世贸, 赵战合, 郭画, 田成. 庞泉沟国家级自然保护区狍和野猪时空共存格局[J]. 生物多样性, 2026, 34(2): 25327-.
[4]	黎明, 秦响玲, 朱玉茹, 熊文. 自然保护区生物多样性抵消价值实现的理论框架与运行机制[J]. 生物多样性, 2026, 34(1): 25241-.
[5]	岳可欣, 牛钟辉, 刘念, 徐琳, 吕韦韦, 徐茂宏, 崔绍朋. 山西历山三种同域分布食肉动物昼夜活动节律及与月光周期的关系[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(9): 25084-.
[6]	田书荣, 魏营, 肖芬, 周芸芸, 解宜兴, 王丞, 宋芬, 梁志强, 桂小杰. 湖南张家界大鲵国家级自然保护区中国大鲵种群动态及保护策略[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(7): 24581-.
[7]	钱嘉宁. 履行就地保护义务的投资仲裁风险及应对[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(7): 24333-.
[8]	徐进博, 崔雅倩, 王渊, 王伟波, 刘锋, 王广龙, 扈晶晶, 普布顿珠, 边巴多吉, 旦增, 胡开, 王小川, 宋刚, 吕永磊, 温知新. 西藏雅鲁藏布大峡谷国家级自然保护区内白颊猕猴的栖息地适宜性评价[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(7): 24493-.
[9]	毛静, 王婧, 黄杰, 熊姝红, 张自亮, 张佑祥, 吴涛. 湖南高望界国家级自然保护区2021-2023年鸟兽多样性监测数据集[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(6): 24489-.
[10]	彭文, 邓泽帅, 郑文宝, 龚凌轩, 曾玉枫, 孟昊, 陈军, 杨道德. eDNA技术在两栖动物调查中的应用: 以湖南莽山国家级自然保护区为例[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(6): 24552-.
[11]	干靓, 刘巷序, 鲁雪茗, 岳星. 全球生物多样性热点地区中国大城市的保护政策与优化方向[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(5): 24529-.
[12]	张晶晶, 黄文彬, 陈奕廷, 杨泽鹏, 柯伟业, 彭昭杰, 魏世超, 张志伟, 胡怡思, 余文华, 周文良. 广东南澎列岛海洋生态国家级自然保护区造礁石珊瑚多样性及分布特征[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(4): 24424-.
[13]	林雅莉, 林舒云, 廖凌云, 张玮仪, 陈大樑, 兰思仁, 尹伟伦. 《昆蒙框架》背景下自然保护地管理有效性评估演化趋势与启示[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(12): 25260-.
[14]	李菡, 董伟, 陆江涛, 吴永杰, 何兴成, 刘林, 木留里哈, 张学林. 四川省甘洛县马鞍山省级自然保护区及周边地区红外相机鸟兽监测数据集[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(10): 25165-.
[15]	王启蕃, 刘小慧, 朱紫薇, 刘磊, 王鑫雪, 汲旭阳, 周绍春, 张子栋, 董红雨, 张明海. 黑龙江北极村国家级自然保护区鸟类与兽类多样性[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(4): 24024-.