神农架海拔梯度上的植物种域分布特征及Rapoport法则检验

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08338

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

根据Rapoport法则, 动物、植物物种的纬度或海拔分布宽度存在着从高纬度或高海拔地区向低纬度或低海拔地区逐渐变窄的现象。本文基于物种的海拔分布数据, 分析了神农架维管束植物及不同种域宽度组的物种丰富度海拔格局; 采用已有的4种方法和本文改进的种域分组中点法, 分析了海拔梯度上种域宽度与种域中点的关系, 并检验其是否符合Rapoport法则。结果表明, 神农架地区维管植物丰富度的海拔梯度分布格局呈单峰型, 峰值在1,000-1,500 m; 不同种域组的物种丰富度分布具有类似的单峰格局, 但随着种域宽度减小, 其物种丰富度的峰值逐渐偏向低海拔。对于神农架的物种海拔分布数据, Stevens方法、Pagel方法和逐种方法的结果都支持Rapoport法则, 而中点法的结果主要反映中域效应的影响, 种域分组中点法可有效控制中域效应的影响, 但不支持Rapoport法则。上述结果表明, 对于Rapoport法则的检验亟待研究方法的改进; 而种域的海拔格局及其形成机制, 还需要更多案例的比较研究, 才能形成普遍性的认识。

关键词: 海拔梯度, 物种丰富度, 种域, Rapoport法则, 中域效应

Abstract

The Rapoport’s rule predicts that altitudinal range size of species increases with altitude. Using a dataset on range size of vascular plant species across an altitudinal gradient at Mt. Shennongjia, central China, we analyzed altitudinal patterns of all species richness, and four quarters of species classified by an order of increasing range size. Previous four methods and the midpoint method modified by this study were applied to explore the relationship between range size and range midpoint along an altitudinal gradient to test the Rapoport’s rule. Altitudinal variation in vascular plant species richness on Mt. Shennongjia was hump-shaped with a peak at 1,100-1,200 m a.s.l. A similar pattern was found for the four quarters of species, and peak value of the species richness shifted to lower elevations with decreased range size of quarters. Stevens’ method, Pagel’s method, and cross-species method all supported the Rapoport effect, while the midpoint method generated a quadratic pattern, suggesting a mid-domain effect. The sectionalized midpoint method presented inconsistent results, even after removing the mid-domain effect. Our results imply that tests of Rapoport’s rule are limited by methodological considerations, and that comparisons among more empirical tests are needed in order to generate conclusive insight into altitudinal patterns of species range size, and the mechanism shaping such patterns.

Key words: altitudinal gradients, species richness, range size, Rapoport’s rule, mid-domain effect

卢绮妍, 沈泽昊 (2009) 神农架海拔梯度上的植物种域分布特征及Rapoport法则检验. 生物多样性, 17, 644-651. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08338.

Qiyan Lu, Zehao Shen (2009) Altitudinal pattern of species range size of vascular plants in Mt. Shennongjia: a test of Rapoport’s rule. Biodiversity Science, 17, 644-651. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08338.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08338

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2009/V17/I6/644

图/表 5

图1 种域分组中点法示意图

Fig. 1 The sketch map of the range-classified mid-point method

图2 海拔梯度上的物种丰富度格局

Fig. 2 Altitudinal pattern of species richness

图3 神农架4个种域级的物种的丰富度(a)和相对丰富度(b)的海拔格局。A、B、C、D分别为全部分析物种中种域从窄到宽的4个种组的物种丰富度。

Fig. 3 The altitudinal patterns of richness and relative richness for four quarters of species range size. The plant species richness of four quarters of the data in analysis, ranked following an increasing species range.

图4 四种方法对Rapoport现象的检验结果

Fig. 4 Results of four methods to test Rapoport’s effect

图5 种域分组后分布宽度的海拔梯度(基于中点法) (a) 分布宽度 Width of species range: (●) ≤600 m, (○) 601-1,200 m, (▼) 1,201-2,000 m; (b) 分布宽度Width of species range: (●) ≤200 m, (○) 201-500 m, (▼) 501-1,000 m , (△) 1,001-1,500 m, (■) 1,501-2,000 m

Fig. 5 Altitudinal patterns of mean range with Rohde’s midpoint method, for two range-classified regimes.

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