中国极小种群野生植物的保护现状评估

doi:10.17520/biods.2017271

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

广阔的地域和多样的地形造就了中国丰富的生物多样性, 同时长时间的人类活动也导致我国有不少物种的生存受到威胁, 特别是一些极度濒危、随时有灭绝危险、生境要求独特、生态幅狭窄或基因易流失的物种需要重点保护。近期国家出台了《全国野生动植物及自然保护区建设工程总体规划》, 其中包含了首批重点保护的极小种群植物名单。本研究中, 我们整理了120种极小种群野生植物的高精度分布图, 探讨其分布格局并通过国家级和省级保护区网络评估其保护现状。研究发现, 中国极小种群野生植物丰富度最高的地方是云南东南部、广西西南部和海南岛西南部。国家级自然保护区对中国极小种群野生植物分布区的平均覆盖率为21.5%, 省级自然保护区的平均覆盖率为10.9%。有35种极小种群野生植物(占总数的29%)未受国家级自然保护区覆盖, 有17种(14%)未受任何国家级或省级自然保护区覆盖。我们建议在云南和海南省针对极小种群建立自然保护区。

关键词: 自然保护区, 格局, 物种丰富度, 极小种群野生植物

Abstract

China is characterized as one of the countries with the greatest diversity worldwide, mostly because of its vast area and heterogeneous topography. Meanwhile, the long history of human activity has led to the decrease of populations for considerable species in China. To protect these species, the Chinese government proposed a list of the first batch of Wild Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations (PSESP). In this study, we developed a fine-resolution distribution database for 120 PSESPs, explored the distribution patterns, and evaluated the in situ conservation status of the PSESPs by overlapping species distribution with terrestrial national and provincial nature reserves (NNRs and PNRs) in China. We found the greatest richness of PSESPs in the southeast regions of Yunnan, the southwest regions of Guangxi, and the southwest regions of Hainan Island. On average, NNRs covered 21.5%, while PNRs covered an additional 10.9% of the distribution areas of PSESPs. However, 35 PSESPs (29% of the total) were not covered by NNRs and 17 PSESPs (14%) were not covered by either NNRs or PNRs. We proposed that nature reserves speciﬁcally designed for the PSESPs need to be constructed in the Yunnan and Hainan provinces.

Key words: nature reserves, pattern, species richness, PSESP

张则瑾, 郭焱培, 贺金生, 唐志尧 (2018) 中国极小种群野生植物的保护现状评估. 生物多样性, 26, 572-577. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017271.

Zejin Zhang, Yanpei Guo, Jin-Sheng He, Zhiyao Tang (2018) Conservation status of Wild Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations in China. Biodiversity Science, 26, 572-577. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017271.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2017271

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2018/V26/I6/572

图/表 3

图1 中国极小种群野生植物丰富度分布格局

Fig. 1 Distribution of richness of Wild Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations (PSESP)

图2 中国极小种群野生植物分布区受国家级、省级自然保护区覆盖率的频率分布

Fig. 2 Frequency distribution of percentage of distribution area covered by national nature reserves (NNRs) and provincial nature reserves (PNRs) in China for Wild Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations (PSESP)

图3 中国未受国家级(a)以及国家级和省级自然保护区覆盖(b)的极小种群野生植物丰富度分布

Fig. 3 Distribution of richness of Wild Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations (PSESP) not covered by national nature reserves (a) and by either national or provincial nature reserves (b) in China

参考文献 34

[1]	Armesto JJ (1998) Conservation targets in South American temperate forests. Science, 282, 1271-1272.
[2]	Balmford A, Green RE, Jenkins M (2003) Measuring the changing state of nature. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 18, 326-330.
[3]	Brugiere D, Scholte P (2013) Biodiversity gap analysis of the protected area system in poorly-documented Chad. Journal for Nature Conservation, 21, 286-293.
[4]	Editorial Committee of Vegetation Map of China(2007) Vegetation Map of the People’s Republic of China (1:1000,000). Geological Publishing House, Beijing. (in Chinese)
	[中国科学院中国植被图编辑委员会(2007) 中国植被图集(1:1000,000). 地质出版社, 北京.]
[5]	ESRI (2012) ArcGIS Desktop: Release 10.0. Environmental Systems Research Institute, Redlands, CA.
[6]	Flora of China Editorial Committee(2006) Flora of China. Science Press, Beijing and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, Missouri.
[7]	Grenyer R, Orme CDL, Jackson SF, Thomas GH, Davies RG, Davies TJ, Jones KE, Olson VA, Ridgely RS, Rasmussen PC, Ding TS, Bennett PM, Blackburn TM, Gaston KJ, Gittleman JL, Owens IPF (2006) Global distribution and conservation of rare and threatened vertebrates. Nature, 444, 93-96.
[8]	Huang H (2011) Plant diversity and conservation in China: Planning a strategic bioresource for a sustainable future. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 166, 282-300.
[9]	Irannezhad M, Chen D, Klove B (2015) Interannual variations and trends in surface air temperature in Finland in relation to atmospheric circulation patterns, 1961-2011. International Journal of Climatology, 35, 3078-3092.
[10]	Kullberg P, Moilanen A (2014) How do recent spatial biodiversity analyses support the convention on biological diversity in the expansion of the global conservation area network? Natureza & Conservacao, 12, 3-10.
[11]	Liao JY, Peng CL, Tian XM (2015) Study on the current situation and protection countermeasures of PSESP plant resources in Hunan. Chinese Botanical Garden, (18), 47-54. (in Chinese)
	[廖菊阳, 彭春良, 田晓明 (2015) 湖南极小种群野生植物资源及保护对策研究. 中国植物园, (18), 47-54.]
[12]	Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) Ecosystems and human well-being: Synthesis. Ecological Management & Restoration, 3, 226-227.
[13]	Monastersky R (2014) Biodiversity: life—a status report. Nature, 516, 158-161.
[14]	Myers N, Mittermeier RA, Mittermeier CG, da Fonseca GAB, Kent J (2000) Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature, 403, 853-858.
[15]	Pan HL, Feng QH, Long TL, He F, Liu XL (2014) Discussion on resource condition and protection technique for rare endanged species in Sichuan Province. Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology, 35(6), 41-46. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[潘红丽, 冯秋红, 隆廷伦, 何飞, 刘兴良 (2014) 四川省极小种群野生植物资源现状及其保护研究. 四川林业科技, 35(6), 41-46.]
[16]	Pauchard A, Aguayo M, Peña E, Urrutia R (2006) Multiple effects of urbanization on the biodiversity of developing countries: The case of a fast-growing metropolitan area (Concepción, Chile). Biological Conservation, 127, 272-281.
[17]	Quan J, Ouyang ZY, Xu WH, Miao H (2009) Management effectiveness of China nature reserves: Status quo assessment and countermeasures. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 20, 1739-1746. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[权佳, 欧阳志云, 徐卫华, 苗鸿 (2009) 中国自然保护区管理有效性的现状评价与对策. 应用生态学报, 20, 1739-1746.]
[18]	Rabb GB, Sullivan TA (1995) Coordinating conservation—global networking for species survival. Biodiversity and Conservation, 4, 536-543.
[19]	Rands MR, Adams WM, Bennun L, Butchart SH, Clements A, Coomes D, Entwistle A, Hodge I, Kapos V, Scharlemann JP (2010) Biodiversity conservation: Challenges beyond 2010. Science, 329, 1298-1303.
[20]	Ren H, Zhang QM, Lu HF, Liu HX, Guo QF, Wang J, Jian SG, Bao HO (2012) Wild plant species with extremely small populations require conservation and reintroduction in China. AMBIO, 41, 913-917.
[21]	Rodrigues AS, Andelman SJ, Bakarr MI, Boitani L, Brooks TM, Cowling RM, Fishpool LD, da Fonseca GA, Gaston KJ, Hoffmann M, Long JS (2004) Effectiveness of the global protected area network in representing species diversity. Nature, 428, 640-643.
[22]	Schipper J, Chanson JS, Chiozza F, Cox NA, Hoffmann M, Katariya V, Lamoreux J, Rodrigues AL, Stuart S, Temple HJ (2008) The status of the world’s land and marine mammals: Diversity, threat, and knowledge. Science, 322, 225-230.
[23]	[State Forestry Administration of P. R. China (2011) General Planning of National Wildlife and Nature Reserve Construction Project. (in Chinese)
	[中华人民共和国林业局 (2011) 全国野生动植物保护及其自然保护区建设工程总体规划] (accessed on 2014-05-06
[24]	Tang XP (2012) Classification management pattern of nature reserves and its effectiveness. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 11(4), 44-48. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[唐小平 (2012) 自然保护区分级管理模式及其有效性研究. 北京林业大学学报, 11(4), 44-48.]
[25]	Teller BJ, Miller AD, Shea K (2015) Conservation of passively dispersed organisms in the context of habitat degradation and destruction. Journal of Applied Ecology, 52, 514-521.
[26]	Tognelli MF, de Arellano PIR, Marquet PA (2008) How well do the existing and proposed reserve networks represent vertebrate species in Chile? Diversity and Distribution, 14, 148-158.
[27]	Warman LD, Forsyth DM, Sinclair ARE, Freemark K, Moore HD, Barrett TW, Pressey RL, White D (2004) Species distributions, surrogacy, and important conservation regions in Canada. Ecology Letters, 7, 374-379.
[28]	Wilson K, Newton A, Echeverría C, Weston C, Burgman M (2005) A vulnerability analysis of the temperate forests of south central Chile. Biological Conservation, 122, 9-21.
[29]	Wu TY, Walther BA, Chen YH, Lin RS, Lee PF (2013) Hotspot analysis of Taiwanese breeding birds to determine gaps in the protected area network. Zoological Studies, 52, 29.
[30]	Yang WZ, Yang YM (2014) Conservation priorities of Wild Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations (PSESP) in Yunnan Province. Journal of West China Forestry Science, 43, 1-9.
[31]	Zhang ZJ, He J-S, Li JS, Tang ZY (2015a) Distribution and conservation of threatened plants in China. Biological Conservation, 192, 454-460.
[32]	Zhang ZJ, Yan YJ, Tian Y, Li JS, He J-S, Tang ZY (2015b) Distribution and conservation of orchid species richness in China. Biological Conservation, 181, 64-72.
[33]	Zhao GH, Tian Y, Tang ZY, Li JS, Zeng H (2013) Distribution of terrestrial national nature reserves in relation to human activities and natural environments in China. Biodiversity Science, 21, 658-665. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[赵广华, 田瑜, 唐志尧, 李俊生, 曾辉 (2013) 中国国家级陆地自然保护区分布及其与人类活动和自然环境的关系. 生物多样性, 21, 658-665.]
[34]	Zhou Y, Jiang H, Yang WZ, Zhang SS, Xiang ZY (2012) Study on stock of Pinus wangii, an extremely small population species. Journal of West China Forestry Science, 41, 80-83. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[周云, 蒋宏, 杨文忠, 张珊珊, 向振勇 (2012) 极小种群植物毛枝五针松的野生资源状况研究. 西部林业科学, 41, 80-83.]