生物多样性信息资源. I. 物种分布、编目、系统发育与生活史性状

doi:10.17520/biods.2017184

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

物种分布、编目、系统发育与生活史性状等是生物多样性研究的数据基础, 在物种起源与进化、生物多样性保护等研究中发挥着重要作用。近年来, 大量数据共享平台的建设极大地促进了生物多样性信息学的蓬勃发展, 但这些海量的、高异构性的数据资源也使得研究人员无从下手。如何高效选择和有效利用这些资源, 成为生态学家和保护生物学家面临的一大挑战。针对现有的生物多样性数据零散分布的现状, 本文将这些数据从物种分布、编目、系统发育与生活史性状4个方面进行整理, 分别选取一些代表性的数据库如: 全球生物多样性信息网络(GBIF)、世界植物种名录(The Plant List)、Open Tree of Life、植物性状数据库(TRY), 对其数据类型、采集方式、范围、获取方式等进行描述, 并对相关研究成果进行简要介绍。在各部分中, 针对我国生物多样性数字平台的构建等方面的工作与成果, 我们也进行了简要描述。通过这些数据资源的整理, 希望为研究人员了解和使用这些数据库提供桥梁和纽带, 能够进一步促进国内研究人员对这些数据库的有效利用, 并通过科研人员与公众等的参与, 促进数据共享平台的构建与完善, 进一步推动生物多样性的研究和保护领域的发展。

关键词: 生物多样性信息学, 宏生态学, 物种编目, 系统发育, 功能性状, 数据共享

Abstract

Species distribution, catalogues, phylogeny, and life history traits are the data basis of biodiversity studies, playing critical roles in understanding species origins, evolution, and conservation biodiversity. Recently, a large number of scientific data-sharing platforms have been created, greatly contributing to the development of biodiversity informatics. However, it is difficult for most researchers to deal with big data with high complexity and heterogeneity. Determining how to select and utilize these data accurately and effectively becomes a huge challenge for ecologists and conservation biologists. To better deal with existing problems related to scattered distributed data, we classify biodiversity data resources into four groups (species distribution, catalogues, phylogeny and life history traits), and select representative databases (e.g. Global Biodiversity Information Facility, The Plant List, Open Tree of Life, and The Plant Trait Database (TRY) for demonstration. For each database, data type, and sampling design, geographic coverage and data availability are reported, and selected publications using these datasets are briefly introduced. Meanwhile, we describe recent achievements on the construction of China’s biodiversity digital platforms in each section. Overall, we hope that this paper provides a starting point for researchers to be familiar with these databases and use them correctly, and could have the potential to stimulate the development of related fields in research and conservation of biodiversity under the efforts of researchers and the public.

Key words: biodiversity informatics, marcoecology, species catalogue, phylogeny, functional trait, data sharing

王昕, 张凤麟, 张健 (2017) 生物多样性信息资源. I. 物种分布、编目、系统发育与生活史性状. 生物多样性, 25, 1223-1238. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017184.

Xin Wang, Fenglin Zhang, Jian Zhang (2017) Biodiversity information resources. I. Species distribution, catalogue, phylogeny, and life history traits. Biodiversity Science, 25, 1223-1238. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017184.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2017184

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2017/V25/I11/1223

图/表 4

图1 基于GBIF数据在2011-2016年之间发表的论文统计(数据来源: http://www.gbif.org/mendeley)

Fig. 1 The number of papers published between 2011-2016 using the GBIF data (Data source: http://www.gbif.org/mendeley)

表1 世界植物种名录(The Plant List)中的接受名、异名和未评估名数量及其比例

Table 1 The numbers and proportion of accepted names, synonyms and unassessed names of different kinds of plants in The Plant List

分类 Classification	接受名数量 Number of accepted names (%)	异名数量 Number of synonyms names (%)	尚未评估名数量 Number of unassessed names (%)
被子植物 Angiosperms	304,419 (32.0)	430,346 (45.2)	216,132 (22.7)
裸子植物 Gymnosperms	1,104 (23.7)	3,356 (72.2)	191 (4.1)
蕨类植物 Pteridophytes	10,620 (22.4)	14,503 (30.6)	22,316 (47.0)
苔藓植物 Bryophytes	34,556 (56.8)	22,419 (36.9)	3,830 (6.3)

图2 不同类群的系统发育树。(a) 31,749种种子植物(Zanne et al, 2014); (b) 9,993种鸟类(Jetz et al, 2012); (c) 4,510种哺乳动物(Bininda-Emonds et al, 2007); (d) 4,161种两栖和爬行类动物(Pyron et al, 2013)。图中的系统发育树是分别从4个类群的系统发育树中随机选取500个物种而生成的。

Fig. 2 Phylogenetic trees of different taxa. (a) 31,749 species of seed plants (Zanne et al, 2014); (b) 9,993 species of birds (Jetz et al, 2012); (c) 4,510 species of mammals (Bininda-Emonds et al, 2007); (d) 4,161 amphibians and reptiles (Pyron et al, 2013). The phylogenetic trees showed here contain 500 species randomly sampled from the mega-phylogeny of each taxon.

图3 植物性状数据库TRY中的现有数据分布(https://www.try-db.org/)(a)和基于TRY数据在2011-2016年发表的论文统计(b)

Fig. 3 Current data occurrences involved in plant traits database TRY (https://www.try-db.org/)(a) and the number of papers citing data from TRY between 2011 and 2016 (b).

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