生物多样性 ›› 2017, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (10): 1105-1113. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017134
刘方正1, 张鹏2, 张玉波1, 陈冰1, 杜金鸿1, 王伟1,*(), 李俊生1
收稿日期:
2017-05-04
接受日期:
2017-08-06
出版日期:
2017-10-20
发布日期:
2018-05-05
通讯作者:
王伟
基金资助:
Fangzheng Liu1, Peng Zhang2, Yubo Zhang1, Bing Chen1, Jinhong Du1, Wei Wang1,*(), Junsheng Li1
Received:
2017-05-04
Accepted:
2017-08-06
Online:
2017-10-20
Published:
2018-05-05
Contact:
Wang Wei
摘要:
已有研究表明, 建立自然保护区会对其周边生态环境产生影响, 即自然保护区的空间近邻效应。当前, 一些自然保护区的周边区域生态环境发生了较大变化, 尤其体现在人工地物的时空变化上。研究基于人工地物时空变化的自然保护区空间近邻效应, 关系到自然保护区及其保护对象长久的生存和安全。为研究空间近邻效应的变化区间和作用距离, 识别驱动因子, 本文以宁夏沙坡头国家级自然保护区为例, 对自然保护区周边20 km范围内的空间进行分割, 结合1990-2015年遥感影像解译和人工地物提取, 利用Mann-Kendall趋势分析法和驱动因子的相关性检验分析, 提出了基于人工地物时空变化的空间近邻效应评估技术。结果表明: (1)随着时间的推移, 研究区域内人工地物面积及景观格局不断扩大和扩张, 人为活动影响在增强。(2)人工地物的空间近邻效应随时间的推移而增强, 随距离尺度的增加而下降。(3)空间近邻效应的变化趋势在各区间内的显著性和驱动力因子为: 第一区间(1-5 km)的下降趋势偶见显著性, 驱动力来自防护林; 第二区间(6-10 km)的下降趋势具有显著性, 驱动力来自城镇用地; 第三区间(11-20 km)的下降趋势具有极显著性, 驱动力来自农田。沙坡头国家级自然保护区建立以来, 周边土地利用变化受人为作用影响明显, 须引起关注。
刘方正, 张鹏, 张玉波, 陈冰, 杜金鸿, 王伟, 李俊生 (2017) 基于人工地物时空变化的自然保护区空间近邻 效应评估: 以沙坡头国家级自然保护区为例. 生物多样性, 25, 1105-1113. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017134.
Fangzheng Liu, Peng Zhang, Yubo Zhang, Bing Chen, Jinhong Du, Wei Wang, Junsheng Li (2017) Assessment of the space neighborhood effect on nature reserves based on temporal and spatial changes of artificial objects: a case study on Shapotou National Nature Reserve. Biodiversity Science, 25, 1105-1113. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017134.
1990 | 1995 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
防护林 Shelter forest | 17,498 | 10,536 | 13,592 | 23,990 | 21,878 | 22,200 |
天然草地 Natural grassland | 38,971 | 41,608 | 34,462 | 34,742 | 35,026 | 38,393 |
农田 Farm | 21,027 | 24,132 | 22,315 | 16,619 | 24,738 | 25,056 |
荒漠 Desert | 224,391 | 225,600 | 230,718 | 224,165 | 213,015 | 203,397 |
河流 River | 1,868 | 1,858 | 1,858 | 1,858 | 1,858 | 1,858 |
湖泊 Lake | 195 | 195 | 885 | 1,246 | 1,592 | 1,479 |
城镇用地 Building | 712 | 733 | 832 | 2,041 | 6,512 | 9,202 |
能源用地 Solar energy | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 42 | 3,076 |
总计 Total | 304,661 | 304,661 | 304,661 | 304,661 | 304,661 | 304,661 |
表1 各时期土地利用类型及其面积
Table 1 Land use type and area (ha) for each period
1990 | 1995 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
防护林 Shelter forest | 17,498 | 10,536 | 13,592 | 23,990 | 21,878 | 22,200 |
天然草地 Natural grassland | 38,971 | 41,608 | 34,462 | 34,742 | 35,026 | 38,393 |
农田 Farm | 21,027 | 24,132 | 22,315 | 16,619 | 24,738 | 25,056 |
荒漠 Desert | 224,391 | 225,600 | 230,718 | 224,165 | 213,015 | 203,397 |
河流 River | 1,868 | 1,858 | 1,858 | 1,858 | 1,858 | 1,858 |
湖泊 Lake | 195 | 195 | 885 | 1,246 | 1,592 | 1,479 |
城镇用地 Building | 712 | 733 | 832 | 2,041 | 6,512 | 9,202 |
能源用地 Solar energy | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 42 | 3,076 |
总计 Total | 304,661 | 304,661 | 304,661 | 304,661 | 304,661 | 304,661 |
距离尺度 Distance scale (km) | 1990 | 1995 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
第一区间 1st interval | 1-5 | -0.73 | -0.73 | -1.96 | -2.20* | -1.47 | -2.20* |
第二区间 2nd interval | 6-10 | -2.20* | -1.96 | -1.96 | -1.96 | -2.20* | -2.20* |
第三区间 3rd interval | 11-20 | -3.22** | -3.22** | -3.22** | -3.22** | -3.58** | -3.58** |
表2 人工地物空间近邻效应Mann-Kendall趋势检验统计量Z值结果
Table 2 Mann-Kendall trend Z test results on space neighborhood effect of artificial objects
距离尺度 Distance scale (km) | 1990 | 1995 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
第一区间 1st interval | 1-5 | -0.73 | -0.73 | -1.96 | -2.20* | -1.47 | -2.20* |
第二区间 2nd interval | 6-10 | -2.20* | -1.96 | -1.96 | -1.96 | -2.20* | -2.20* |
第三区间 3rd interval | 11-20 | -3.22** | -3.22** | -3.22** | -3.22** | -3.58** | -3.58** |
1990 | 1995 | 2000 | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
防护林 Shelter forest | 农田 Farm | 城镇用地 Building | 防护林 Shelter forest | 农田 Farm | 城镇用地 Building | 防护林 Shelter forest | 农田 Farm | 城镇用地 Building | |||||||||
第一区间 1st interval | 0.855 | -0.527 | 0.767 | 0.713 | -0.418 | 0.773 | 0.848 | -0.381 | 0.955* | ||||||||
第二区间 2nd interval | 0.949* | 0.871 | 0.904* | 0.996** | 0.939* | 0.993** | 0.645 | 0.907* | 0.994** | ||||||||
第三区间 3rd interval | 0.449 | 0.936** | -0.013 | 0.682* | 0.977** | -0.399 | 0.887** | 0.713* | -0.273 | ||||||||
全区间 Entire interval | 0.959** | 0.594** | 0.635** | 0.786** | 0.756** | 0.606** | 0.869** | 0.720** | 0.689** | ||||||||
2005 | 2010 | 2015 | |||||||||||||||
防护林 Shelter forest | 农田 Farm | 城镇用地 Building | 防护林 Shelter forest | 农田 Farm | 城镇用地 Building | 能源用地 Solar energy | 防护林 Shelter forest | 农田 Farm | 城镇用地 Building | 能源用地 Solar energy | |||||||
第一区间 1st interval | 0.993** | -0.620 | 0.649 | 0.638 | -0.404 | 0.647 | 0.973** | 0.962** | 0.110 | 0.186 | -0.583 | ||||||
第二区间 2nd interval | 0.602 | 0.892* | 0.473 | 0.957* | 0.530 | 0.948* | - | 0.987** | -0.038 | 0.891* | 0.901* | ||||||
第三区间 3rd interval | 0.846** | 0.729* | - | 0.618 | 0.912** | 0.073 | - | 0.794** | 0.903** | 0.751* | 0.041 | ||||||
全区间 Entire interval | 0.985** | 0.538* | 0.610** | 0.959** | 0.360 | 0.662** | 0.490* | 0.976** | 0.533* | 0.489* | 0.830** |
表3 空间近邻效应的驱动力因子相关性分析结果
Table 3 The results of the correlation analysis of the driving factors of space neighborhood effect
1990 | 1995 | 2000 | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
防护林 Shelter forest | 农田 Farm | 城镇用地 Building | 防护林 Shelter forest | 农田 Farm | 城镇用地 Building | 防护林 Shelter forest | 农田 Farm | 城镇用地 Building | |||||||||
第一区间 1st interval | 0.855 | -0.527 | 0.767 | 0.713 | -0.418 | 0.773 | 0.848 | -0.381 | 0.955* | ||||||||
第二区间 2nd interval | 0.949* | 0.871 | 0.904* | 0.996** | 0.939* | 0.993** | 0.645 | 0.907* | 0.994** | ||||||||
第三区间 3rd interval | 0.449 | 0.936** | -0.013 | 0.682* | 0.977** | -0.399 | 0.887** | 0.713* | -0.273 | ||||||||
全区间 Entire interval | 0.959** | 0.594** | 0.635** | 0.786** | 0.756** | 0.606** | 0.869** | 0.720** | 0.689** | ||||||||
2005 | 2010 | 2015 | |||||||||||||||
防护林 Shelter forest | 农田 Farm | 城镇用地 Building | 防护林 Shelter forest | 农田 Farm | 城镇用地 Building | 能源用地 Solar energy | 防护林 Shelter forest | 农田 Farm | 城镇用地 Building | 能源用地 Solar energy | |||||||
第一区间 1st interval | 0.993** | -0.620 | 0.649 | 0.638 | -0.404 | 0.647 | 0.973** | 0.962** | 0.110 | 0.186 | -0.583 | ||||||
第二区间 2nd interval | 0.602 | 0.892* | 0.473 | 0.957* | 0.530 | 0.948* | - | 0.987** | -0.038 | 0.891* | 0.901* | ||||||
第三区间 3rd interval | 0.846** | 0.729* | - | 0.618 | 0.912** | 0.073 | - | 0.794** | 0.903** | 0.751* | 0.041 | ||||||
全区间 Entire interval | 0.985** | 0.538* | 0.610** | 0.959** | 0.360 | 0.662** | 0.490* | 0.976** | 0.533* | 0.489* | 0.830** |
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