大兴安岭地区重点保护和珍稀动物保护空缺分析

doi:10.17520/biods.2021294

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

大兴安岭地区是我国唯一的寒温带针叶林生态区, 具有全球重要性和特殊的自然保护价值。本研究针对该地区重点保护及珍稀动物未全部纳入保护地范围以及保护地分布破碎化的现状, 在建立物种信息数据库的基础上, 生成该地区重点保护及珍稀动物10 km × 10 km物种空间分布数据, 并结合土地利用、植被覆盖、海拔和坡度等与栖息地相关的辅助数据, 分析重点保护及珍稀动物的现有空间分布格局, 以Shannon-Wiener多样性指数作为重点保护和珍稀动物的丰富度指标, 通过将现有保护地范围与物种空间分布进行叠加, 得到重点保护及珍稀动物的保护空缺。结果显示: (1)现有空缺区域内濒危、易危和近危物种均有分布, 主要保护空缺对象有黑嘴松鸡(Tetrao parvirostris)、紫貂(Martes zibellina)、小天鹅(Cygnus columbianus)等; (2)保护程度较高的区域主要位于额尔古纳市北部和呼玛县西部等地。尽管重点保护和珍稀动物的空间分布与现有保护地范围基本匹配, 但不同地理空间仍存在不同程度的保护空缺; (3)保护空缺主要有两种类型, 即尚未受到保护的空白地区和未被完全纳入现有保护地的空缺地。基于以上结果, 建议针对两类不同的保护空缺采取不同的保护措施, 如对于根河市与牙克石市交界处未建立保护地的保护空白区, 建议新建保护区或保护小区; 对于重点保护和珍稀动物未被完全纳入现有保护地体系的区域, 如内蒙古阿尔山自然保护区北部外延的空缺地, 建议通过对现有保护地进行相应程度的扩建, 完善现有保护地体系, 从而促进大兴安岭地区重点保护及珍稀动物的保护进程。

关键词: 大兴安岭地区, 重点保护动物, 物种多样性, 自然保护区, 空缺分析

Abstract

Aims The Da Hinggan Range Region is the only cold-temperate coniferous forest ecological zone in China, which has global importance and special nature conservation value. Based on the establishment of species information database, this study analyzed the spatial distribution of key protected and rare animals in the area so as to promote the conservation of biodiversity in Da Hinggan Range Region.

Methods The 10 km × 10 km grid spatial distribution data of key protected and rare animals in the area was established, and the habitat-related auxiliary data such as land use, vegetation cover, elevation and slope were also analyzed. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index was used as the degree of richness of key protected and rare animals. In order to obtain the conservation gaps in Da Hinggan Range Region, the existing spatial distribution of key protected and rare animals was overlaid on the existing protected areas.

Results (1) The existing conservation gaps mainly include endangered, vulnerable and near-threatened species. The animals under threaten include Tetrao parvirostris, Martes zibellina and Cygnus columbianus, etc. (2) The areas with higher conservation degree are mainly located in the north of Erguna City and the western part of Huma County. Although the spatial distribution of key protected and rare animals basically matches the scope of existing protected areas, there are still conservation gaps of different degrees in different geographic areas. (3) There are mainly two types of conservation gaps: conservation gaps that have not been protected and gaps that have not been fully incorporated into existing protected areas.

Conclusion & suggestions Different conservation measures should be taken for the two different types of conservation gaps. For the unprotected areas at the intersection of Genhe City and Yakeshi City, it is suggested that a new nature reserve or a protected area be built. For the protected area that key protected and rare animals that are not fully integrated into, such as the gap area in the northern extension of Aershan Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia, it is suggested that improve the existing protected area system by expanding the existing nature reserve accordingly.

Key words: Da Hinggan Range Region, key protected animals, species diversity, nature reserve, gap analysis

李海萍, 徐竹青, 龙志航 (2022) 大兴安岭地区重点保护和珍稀动物保护空缺分析. 生物多样性, 30, 21294. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021294.

Haiping Li, Zhuqing Xu, Zhihang Long (2022) Conservation gap analysis of key protected and rare animals in Da Hinggan Range Region, China. Biodiversity Science, 30, 21294. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021294.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2021294

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2022/V30/I2/21294

图/表 7

图1 大兴安岭地区保护地空间分布。图中编号所代表的保护地名称见附录3。

Fig. 1 Spatial distribution of protected area in Da Hinggan Range Region. The names of the protected areas represented by the numbers in the figure are shown in Appendix 3.

图2 大兴安岭地区重点保护和珍稀动物分布点

Fig. 2 Existing points of key protected and rare animals in Da Hinggan Range Region

表1 物种格网丰富度属性表示例

Table 1 Example of species grid richness attribute representation

格网编号 Grid no.	格网中心点坐标 Coordinates of center points of the grids (°)		种数 No. of species				个体总数 Total number (N)	Shannon-Wiener index (H')
格网编号 Grid no.	X	Y	极危Critically Endangered	濒危 Endangered	易危Vulnerable	近危和无危 Near Threatened and Least Concern	个体总数 Total number (N)	Shannon-Wiener index (H')
1	120.64	47.15	0	1	2	22	42	3.0775
2	120.66	47.24	1	0	1	11	22	1.4804
3	120.35	47.64	0	0	1	7	9	0.7679
4	120.39	47.82	0	0	0	5	6	0.5009
…
2796	125.11	53.21	1	1	1	5	16	1.1474

图3 10 km × 10 km分辨率下的物种格网丰富度(a)及插值平滑后的丰富度(b)。图中编号所代表的保护地为: 1: 内蒙古乌玛自治区级自然保护区; 2: 黑龙江双河国家级自然保护区; 3: 黑龙江呼中国家级自然保护区; 4: 黑龙江岭峰国家级自然保护区; 5: 黑龙江南瓮河国家级自然保护区; 6: 内蒙古阿尔山自治区级自然保护区。

Fig. 3 Species grid richness at 10 km × 10 km resolution (a) and richness after interpolated smoothed (b). The protected areas represented by the numbers in the figure are: 1, Inner Mongolia Wuma Nature Reserve; 2, Heilongjiang Shuanghe National Nature Reserve; 3, Heilongjiang Huzhong National Nature Reserve; 4, Heilongjiang Lingfeng National Nature Reserve; 5, Heilongjiang Nanwenghe National Nature Reserve; 6, Inner Mongolia Aershan Nature Reserve.

图4 大兴安岭地区重点保护和珍稀物种丰富度与保护地叠加

Fig. 4 Overlay of species richness of key protected and rare animals in Da Hinggan Range Region and protected area

图5 大兴安岭地区重点保护和珍稀物种丰富度重分类(a)及Erase运算后识别出的保护空缺地区(b)

Fig. 5 Reclassification of species richness of key protected and rare animals in Da Hinggan Range Region (a) and conservation gaps identified after Erase operation in the area (b)

图6 大兴安岭地区部分保护空缺区域示例

Fig. 6 Examples of a part of conservation gap in Da Hinggan Range Region

参考文献 19

[1]	Burley FW (1988) Monitoring biological diversity for setting priorities in conservation. Biodiversity (eds Wilson EO, Peter FM), pp. 227-230. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
[2]	Du J, Liu YZ, Yang LB, Cui FX, Li JB, Zeng ZW, Ni HW, Zhu DG (2020) Countermeasures for sustainable development and biodiversity conservation of the cold temperate coniferous forest in the Greater Xing’an Mountains: Taking Heilongjiang Huzhong National Nature Reserve as an example. Territory and Natural Resources Study, (5), 57-59. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 杜君, 刘永志, 杨立宾, 崔福星, 李金博, 曾昭文, 倪红伟, 朱道光 (2020) 大兴安岭寒温带森林生物多样性保育与可持续发展的对策: 以黑龙江呼中国家级自然保护区为例. 国土与自然资源研究, (5), 57-59.]
[3]	Duan F, Li S (2020) The status, distribution patterns, and conservation gap for bird diversity in the Yellow River basin, China. Biodiversity Science, 28, 1459-1468. (in Chinese with English abstract) DOI URL
	[ 段菲, 李晟 (2020) 黄河流域鸟类多样性现状、分布格局及保护空缺. 生物多样性, 28, 1459-1468.]
[4]	Gao G, Li HP, Wan HW, Li LP (2021) Spatial heterogeneity and multi-scale effects of species richness of birds and mammals in Xinjiang. China Environmental Science, 41, 1436-1446. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 高戈, 李海萍, 万华伟, 李利平 (2021) 新疆鸟类和哺乳动物物种丰富度空间异质性及其多尺度效应. 中国环境科学, 41, 1436-1446.]
[5]	Jiang LH, Gao JQ, Wan JZ (2019) Potential habitat and priority protection area of cranes with climate change in the Great Xing’an Mountains, China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 30, 2457-2469. (in Chinese with English abstract) DOI PMID
	[ 蒋丽华, 高俊琴, 万基中 (2019) 气候变化下大兴安岭地区鹤类潜在分布及优先保护区. 应用生态学报, 30, 2457-2469.] PMID
[6]	Jiang ZG, Jiang JP, Wang YZ, Zhang E, Zhang YY, Li LL, Xie F, Cai B, Cao L, Zheng GM, Dong L, Zhang ZW, Ding P, Luo ZH, Ding CQ, Ma ZJ, Tang SH, Cao WX, Li CW, Hu HJ, Ma Y, Wu Y, Wang YX, Zhou KY, Liu SY, Chen YY, Li JT, Feng ZJ, Wang Y, Wang B, Li C, Song XL, Cai L, Zang CX, Zeng Y, Meng ZB, Fang HX, Ping XG (2016) Red List of China’s Vertebrates. Biodiversity Science, 24, 500-551. (in Chinese and in English) DOI URL
	[ 蒋志刚, 江建平, 王跃招, 张鹗, 张雁云, 李立立, 谢锋, 蔡波, 曹亮, 郑光美, 董路, 张正旺, 丁平, 罗振华, 丁长青, 马志军, 汤宋华, 曹文宣, 李春旺, 胡慧建, 马勇, 吴毅, 王应祥, 周开亚, 刘少英, 陈跃英, 李家堂, 冯祚建, 王燕, 王斌, 李成, 宋雪琳, 蔡蕾, 臧春鑫, 曾岩, 孟智斌, 方红霞, 平晓鸽 (2016) 中国脊椎动物红色名录. 生物多样性, 24, 500-551.] DOI
[7]	Li HP, Du JQ, Tang HJ (2021) Estimation of soil organic carbon density and reserves based on random forest model in county level. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences, 58(3), 1-8. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 李海萍, 杜佳琪, 唐浩竣 (2021) 基于随机森林的县域土壤有机碳密度及储量估算. 中国土壤与肥料, 58(3), 1-8.]
[8]	Li XZ, Feng JN, Zhi XL, Zhong LQ, Liu XX, Zhang MH (2021) Potential habitat prediction and gap analysis of three Cervidae species in Northeast China. Chinese Journal of Wildlife, 42, 318-328. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 李鑫泽, 冯佳楠, 支晓亮, 钟林强, 刘鑫鑫, 张明海 (2021) 东北地区三种鹿科动物潜在栖息地预测与保护空缺分析. 野生动物学报, 42, 318-328.]
[9]	Li YC, Wang CX (2020) Priority areas for conservation and GAP analysis of waterbirds in Northwest China. Wetland Science & Management, 16(3), 53-58. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 李一辰, 王春晓 (2020) 中国西北地区水鸟保护优先区与空缺分析. 湿地科学与管理, 16(3), 53-58.]
[10]	Liu JP, Lü XG, Yin SB (2005) GAP analysis: A geographic approach to protect biological diversity. Advances in Geographical Sciences, 24, 41-51. (in Chinese)
	[ 刘吉平, 吕宪国, 殷书柏 (2005) GAP分析: 保护生物多样性的地理学方法. 地理科学进展, 24, 41-51.]
[11]	Liu XY, Hu YK (2020) C∶N∶P stoichiometry of leaves and fine roots in typical forest swamps of the Greater Hinggan Mountains, China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 31, 3385-3394. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 刘旭艳, 胡宇坤 (2020) 大兴安岭典型森林沼泽植物叶片和细根碳氮磷化学计量特征. 应用生态学报, 31, 3385-3394.]
[12]	Ma KP, Qian YQ (1998) Biodiversity conservation and its research progress. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 4, 95-99. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 马克平, 钱迎倩 (1998) 生物多样性保护及其研究进展. 应用与环境生物学报, 4, 95-99.]
[13]	Ministry of Environmental Protection (2010) China’s Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan 2011-2030. China Environment Publishing Group, Beijing. (in Chinese)
	[环境保护部 (2010) 《中国生物多样性保护战略与行动计划》(2011-2030年). 中国环境出版集团, 北京.]
[14]	Qin SL, Ma YB (2003) Biodiversity conservation and construction of cold-temperate forest botanical gardens in Da Hinggan Range Region. Journal of Liaoning Forestry Science & Technology, 30(4), 35-36. (in Chinese)
	[ 秦世立, 马永波 (2003) 大兴安岭生物多样性保护与寒温带森林植物园建设. 辽宁林业科技, 30(4), 35-36.]
[15]	Wang B, Guan WB, Wu JA, Ma KM, Liu GH, Wang XL (2006) A method for assessing regional ecological security pattern to conserve biodiversity-GAP analysis. Soil and Water Conservation Research, 13(1), 192-196. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 王棒, 关文彬, 吴建安, 马克明, 刘国华, 汪西林 (2006) 生物多样性保护的区域生态安全格局评价手段--GAP分析. 水土保持研究, 13(1), 192- 196.]
[16]	Wang JJ (2017) Study on Forest Recovery and Landscape Simulation in Burned Areas of Greater Hinggan Mountains. PhD dissertation, Harbin Normal University, Harbin. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 王俊杰 (2017) 大兴安岭地区火烧迹地森林恢复及景观模拟研究. 博士学位论文, 哈尔滨师范大学, 哈尔滨.]
[17]	Wright RG (1996) National Parks and Protected Areas:Their Role in Environmental Protection. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Boston.
[18]	Xiao HY, Zhao J, Jiang F, Zeng H (2006) GAP analysis and regional biodiversity conservation. Journal of Peking University (Natural Science Edition), 42, 153-158. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 肖海燕, 赵军, 蒋峰, 曾辉 (2006) GAP分析与区域生物多样性保护. 北京大学学报(自然科学版), 42, 153-158.]
[19]	Ye YH, Fu L, Li X, Chen L, Guo W, Yu LS (2017) Preliminary study on the rare and endangered plant and animal resources accounting system. Ecology and Environment Sciences, 26, 808-815. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 叶有华, 付岚, 李鑫, 陈礼, 郭微, 俞龙生 (2017) 珍稀濒危动植物资源资产价值核算体系研究. 生态环境学报, 26, 808-815.]