
生物多样性 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (1): 25369. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025369 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2025369
收稿日期:2025-09-15
接受日期:2025-12-09
出版日期:2026-01-20
发布日期:2026-01-21
通讯作者:
姚蒙
基金资助:
Ziling Yan1,2(
), Xiaoyu Chen2(
), Meng Yao1,2,*(
)(
)
Received:2025-09-15
Accepted:2025-12-09
Online:2026-01-20
Published:2026-01-21
Contact:
Meng Yao
Supported by:摘要:
近年来, 环境DNA (eDNA)宏条形码技术被广泛应用于生物多样性研究, 但该技术在蓬勃发展的同时仍存在一些方法学问题有待解决。其中一个重要问题是生物信息学处理流程的选择, 尤其是对物种多样性极高的无脊椎动物, 测序结果的处理流程直接影响检测结果, 但目前缺乏对该过程的系统比较评估。本研究使用来源于淡水的eDNA样品进行无脊椎动物宏条形码测序, 比较评估多种生物信息学流程对于无脊椎动物序列处理的影响。研究中选取4种常用的聚类或降噪方法(UPARSE、Swarm、UNOISE和DADA2)以及3种分类分配方法(BOLDigger、BLASTN和朴素贝叶斯分类器), 共组合形成12种生物信息学处理流程。结果显示, DADA2降噪方法与BOLDigger分类分配相结合的处理流程产生了最多的无脊椎动物分子可操作分类单元(MOTU)与最高的分类覆盖度和分类分辨率。4种聚类或降噪方法中, UNOISE和DADA2降噪方法比UPARSE和Swarm聚类方法获得了更多的无脊椎动物MOTU; 3种分类分配方法中, BOLDigger和BLASTN比朴素贝叶斯分类器获得了更高的分类覆盖度和分类分辨率。这些结果对基于eDNA的淡水无脊椎动物多样性研究具有重要的参考价值, 此外还提示针对不同研究类群以及不同条形码区段, 需要相应调整使用的生物信息学方法, 以得到更为准确可靠的生物多样性数据。
闫姿伶, 陈晓宇, 姚蒙 (2026) 基于环境DNA宏条形码的无脊椎动物多样性研究: 生物信息学流程比较与评估. 生物多样性, 34, 25369. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025369.
Ziling Yan, Xiaoyu Chen, Meng Yao (2026) A comparative evaluation of bioinformatic pipelines for invertebrate biodiversity profiling via environmental DNA metabarcoding. Biodiversity Science, 34, 25369. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025369.
图2 不同处理流程检测出的无脊椎动物MOTU的稀疏曲线。每条曲线代表一个PCR产物。
Fig. 2 Rarefaction curve of invertebrate MOTU detected using different pipelines. Each curve represents a PCR product.
| 处理流程 Pipeline | MOTU (Reads) | 门 Phylum | 纲 Class | 目 Order | 科 Family | 属 Genus | 种 Species | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UPARSE | BOLDigger | 1,548 (1,475,851) | 13 | 27 | 71 | 141 | 108 | 111 |
| BLASTN | 984 (1,349,864) | 11 | 22 | 46 | 107 | 92 | 98 | |
| Bayesian | 1,391 (1,689,419) | 11 | 19 | 34 | 66 | 71 | 81 | |
| Swarm | BOLDigger | 2,142 (1,765,422) | 14 | 31 | 81 | 148 | 109 | 112 |
| BLASTN | 1,541 (1,680,656) | 11 | 22 | 47 | 108 | 94 | 104 | |
| Bayesian | 2,207 (2,095,227) | 11 | 19 | 34 | 67 | 72 | 82 | |
| UNOISE | BOLDigger | 2,392 (1,950,275) | 14 | 31 | 81 | 153 | 108 | 111 |
| BLASTN | 1,567 (1,797,455) | 11 | 22 | 47 | 108 | 94 | 104 | |
| Bayesian | 2,158 (2,264,348) | 11 | 19 | 34 | 67 | 73 | 82 | |
| DADA2 | BOLDigger | 2,777 (3,329,666) | 14 | 32 | 83 | 164 | 118 | 120 |
| BLASTN | 1,818 (2,678,329) | 11 | 23 | 49 | 113 | 102 | 108 | |
| Bayesian | 2,683 (3,690,943) | 11 | 19 | 35 | 71 | 78 | 87 | |
表1 12种处理流程获得的无脊椎动物MOTU和reads以及分类覆盖度。此处分类覆盖度指不同流程的产出结果在各分类水平上的覆盖广度。
Table 1 Invertebrate MOTU, reads and taxonomic coverage obtained from 12 pipelines. The taxonomic coverage here refers to the coverage breadth of the outputs from different pipelines across each taxonomic level.
| 处理流程 Pipeline | MOTU (Reads) | 门 Phylum | 纲 Class | 目 Order | 科 Family | 属 Genus | 种 Species | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UPARSE | BOLDigger | 1,548 (1,475,851) | 13 | 27 | 71 | 141 | 108 | 111 |
| BLASTN | 984 (1,349,864) | 11 | 22 | 46 | 107 | 92 | 98 | |
| Bayesian | 1,391 (1,689,419) | 11 | 19 | 34 | 66 | 71 | 81 | |
| Swarm | BOLDigger | 2,142 (1,765,422) | 14 | 31 | 81 | 148 | 109 | 112 |
| BLASTN | 1,541 (1,680,656) | 11 | 22 | 47 | 108 | 94 | 104 | |
| Bayesian | 2,207 (2,095,227) | 11 | 19 | 34 | 67 | 72 | 82 | |
| UNOISE | BOLDigger | 2,392 (1,950,275) | 14 | 31 | 81 | 153 | 108 | 111 |
| BLASTN | 1,567 (1,797,455) | 11 | 22 | 47 | 108 | 94 | 104 | |
| Bayesian | 2,158 (2,264,348) | 11 | 19 | 34 | 67 | 73 | 82 | |
| DADA2 | BOLDigger | 2,777 (3,329,666) | 14 | 32 | 83 | 164 | 118 | 120 |
| BLASTN | 1,818 (2,678,329) | 11 | 23 | 49 | 113 | 102 | 108 | |
| Bayesian | 2,683 (3,690,943) | 11 | 19 | 35 | 71 | 78 | 87 | |
图3 不同聚类或降噪方法检测出的无脊椎动物MOTU数量(A)以及不同聚类或降噪方法共同检测出的MOTU在不同分类分配方法间比较(B)的韦恩图
Fig. 3 Venn diagrams of the number of invertebrate MOTU detected using different clustering or denoising methods (A) and the comparison of MOTU jointly detected using different clustering or denoising methods across different taxonomic assignment methods (B)
图4 不同处理流程检测出的无脊椎动物MOTU的分类分辨率。此处分类分辨率指不同流程鉴定结果的分类精度。
Fig. 4 The taxonomic resolution of invertebrate MOTU detected using different pipelines. The taxonomic resolution here refers to the taxonomic precision of the identification results from different pipelines.
图7 不同处理流程检测出的属于主要无脊椎动物目的MOTU数量。仅显示各流程中MOTU数量排名前十位的目。
Fig. 7 The number of MOTU belong to major invertebrate orders detected using different pipelines. Only the top 10 orders with the largest number of MOTU are shown.
图8 基于Jaccard相异性指数对不同处理流程检测出的无脊椎动物MOTU进行的PCoA分析。形状和颜色均相同的符号对应河流和湖泊eDNA样品的结果。
Fig. 8 PCoA analysis of invertebrate MOTU detected using different pipelines based on Jaccard dissimilarity index. The symbols with the same shape and color correspond to the results of eDNA samples from rivers and lakes.
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