外来入侵物种治理政策体系的困境与出路

doi:10.17520/biods.2025332

生物多样性

外来入侵物种治理政策体系的困境与出路

程晓帆¹, 李青媛¹, 李媛辉^1,2*, 张明祥^3,4*

1.北京林业大学人文社会科学学院，北京 100083；2. 北京林业大学林业和草原法治研究中心，北京 100083；3. 北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院，北京 100083；4. 国家林业和草原局自然保护区研究中心，北京 100083

收稿日期:2025-08-20 修回日期:2025-10-27
通讯作者: 李媛辉, 张明祥
基金资助:
国家社会科学基金重大项目 “国家治理现代化视域下的生态环境保护法律体系研究”(20ZDA089); 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目 “山水林田湖草沙系统治理法律制度体系研究”(2021SPZ01); 国家林业和草原局委托项目 “生态文明视域下林业草原重大法律制度专项评估”(2023010704)

The Dilemmas and Solutions for Invasive Alien Species Governance Policy Systems

Xiaofan Cheng¹, Qingyuan Li¹, Yuanhui Li^1,2*, Mingxiang Zhang^3,4*

1 School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083

2 Center for Forestry and Grassland Law Research, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083

3 School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083

4 Nature Reserve Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100083

Received:2025-08-20 Revised:2025-10-27
Contact: Yuanhui Li, Mingxiang Zhang

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着外来入侵物种对我国生态系统造成的威胁日益严重，完善治理体系已成为当前的重要议题。生物入侵行为不仅危害生物多样性、损害生态系统功能，而且a随着外来入侵物种对我国生态系统造成的威胁日益严重，完善治理体系已成为当前的重要议题。生物入侵行为不仅危害生物多样性、损害生态系统功能，而且对人类社会造成多重风险。系统梳理我国现有治理政策后可见，其存在法律制度体系不完善、顶层设计缺失，名录体系不健全、执行机制协同不足，基础保障与技术支撑薄弱等困境。为此，本文构建了整体性治理框架。在顶层设计层面，通过“法典—专门法”模式完善立法、强化责任追究并优化政府考核机制；在执行层面，设立监管机构、建立区域联席会议机制并优化名录管理；在支撑保障方面，应推动生态补偿市场化、加强跨学科协作并实行“揭榜挂帅”机制，以系统提升我国外来入侵物种的治理效能。对人类社会造成多重风险。系统梳理我国现有治理政策后可见，其存在法律制度体系不完善、顶层设计缺失，名录体系不健全、执行机制协同不足，基础保障与技术支撑薄弱等困境。为此，本文构建了整体性治理框架。在顶层设计层面，通过“法典—专门法”模式完善立法、强化责任追究并优化政府考核机制；在执行层面，设立监管机构、建立区域联席会议机制并优化名录管理；在支撑保障方面，应推动生态补偿市场化、加强跨学科协作并实行“揭榜挂帅”机制，以系统提升我国外来入侵物种的治理效能。

关键词: 外来入侵物种, 生物入侵, 生物多样性, 生态安全, 法律政策

Abstract

Background & Aim: As the threat posed by invasive alien species to China's ecosystems becomes increasingly severe, improving the governance system has emerged as a crucial issue at present. Although existing studies have explored legal and administrative management issues in the governance of invasive alien species, most of these studies focus on governance discussions within a single field and fail to conduct systematic analysis from the perspective of the overall policy system. Therefore, in-depth research on the structural dilemmas existing in the policy system for invasive alien species governance—especially the exploration of its holistic construction—still holds significant academic value and practical significance.

Method: Employing literature review and case analysis methods, this paper compiles public interest litigation cases related to invasive alien species in recent years, introduces judicial cases as practical illustrations, and further demonstrates their actual harms to the ecological environment, public interests, and biological security.

Results: This paper sorts out the laws and policies regarding invasive alien species in China, and reveals the problems existing in current practice, such as the imperfection of the legal system, the lack of top-level design, the inadequacy of the name list system, the insufficient coordination of the implementation mechanism, and the weakness of basic guarantees and technical support.

Conclusion: This paper proposes a holistic improvement pathway, which includes the following aspects: at the legislative level, it suggests improving legislation through the “code-specialized law” model, strengthening accountability, and optimizing government assessment mechanisms; at the implementation level, it is necessary to establish regulatory authorities, set up a regional joint meeting mechanism, and optimize name-list management; and at the support and guarantee level, efforts should be made to promote the marketization of ecological compensation, enhance interdisciplinary collaboration, and implement the “project bidding for talent recruitment” mechanism. The purpose of this paper is to provide theoretical and practical references for the governance of invasive alien species.

Key words: invasive alien species, biological invasion, biodiversity, ecological security, legal policies

程晓帆, 李青媛, 李媛辉, 张明祥. 外来入侵物种治理政策体系的困境与出路. 生物多样性, DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025332.

Xiaofan Cheng, Qingyuan Li, Yuanhui Li, Mingxiang Zhang. The Dilemmas and Solutions for Invasive Alien Species Governance Policy Systems. Biodiversity Science, DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025332.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2025332

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