前沿技术在生物多样性研究中的应用现状、挑战与展望

doi:10.17520/biods.2024440

生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4): 24440. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024440 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024440

前沿技术在生物多样性研究中的应用现状、挑战与展望

卢晓强¹^,²(), 董姗姗¹^,², 马月¹^,², 徐徐¹^,², 邱凤¹^,², 臧明月¹^,², 万雅琼¹^,², 李孪鑫¹^,², 于赐刚¹^,², 刘燕¹^,²^,^*()()

1.生态环境部南京环境科学研究所, 南京 210042
2.生态环境部生物多样性与生物安全重点实验室, 南京 210042

收稿日期:2024-10-11 接受日期:2025-04-09 出版日期:2025-04-20 发布日期:2025-05-19
通讯作者: *E-mail: liuyan@nies.org
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金委员会国际(地区)合作与交流项目(41961144022)

Current status, challenges, and prospects of frontier technologies in biodiversity conservation applications

Lu Xiaoqiang¹^,²(), Dong Shanshan¹^,², Ma Yue¹^,², Xu Xu¹^,², Qiu Feng¹^,², Zang Mingyue¹^,², Wan Yaqiong¹^,², Li Luanxin¹^,², Yu Cigang¹^,², Liu Yan¹^,²^,^*()()

1 Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
2 Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biosafety, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China

Received:2024-10-11 Accepted:2025-04-09 Online:2025-04-20 Published:2025-05-19
Contact: *E-mail: liuyan@nies.org
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41961144022)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生物多样性是维持生态系统结构与功能的基础, 但当前正面临气候变化、环境污染与人类活动等多重压力的持续威胁。近年来, 高分辨率遥感、人工智能、大数据和基因组学等前沿技术快速发展, 为全球生物多样性监测与保护开辟了新路径。本文系统综述了近十年前沿技术在生物多样性保护领域中的应用进展, 重点探讨了其在生态系统监测、物种识别、遗传多样性评估和栖息地管理等关键领域的作用。同时, 结合中国与国际典型案例, 深入剖析了当前应用中存在的数据标准化不足、技术成本高昂以及全球协作机制不完善等问题。这些技术在提高监测精度、支持保护决策、推动种群恢复和栖息地管理方面具有显著优势, 未来需加强标准化数据体系建设、提升技术适用性与可及性, 深化国际合作, 推动构建智能化、集成化的生物多样性保护技术体系, 全面提升生物多样性保护成效。

关键词: 生物多样性保护, 前沿技术, 高分辨率遥感, 基因组学, 人工智能

Abstract

Aims:Biodiversity is vital for ecosystem stability and human survival, yet it is facing unprecedented declines driven by climate change, pollution, and human activities. This review explores how frontier technologies—such as high- resolution remote sensing, genomics, big data, and artificial intelligence (AI)—can help mitigate global biodiversity loss by integrating monitoring and conservation practices. This study aims to systematically evaluate the practical applications of these technologies, quantify their contributions to species recovery and habitat protection, and identify key barriers to implementation, focusing on both Chinese and global contexts. Actionable strategies are proposed to enhance ecological restoration and foster sustainable human-nature coexistence, addressing the urgent need for innovative conservation solutions.

Methods:We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature on frontier technologies in biodiversity conservation over the past decade, drawing from a broad range of scientific databases. Representative case studies from China, including efforts to protect key species and habitats, along with international examples such as tropical rainforest conservation, were analyzed to assess technological applications. Both qualitative synthesis and quantitative analysis were employed to examine the functionalities and impacts of these technologies, focusing on metrics such as monitoring accuracy, species population trends, and implementation challenges, providing a comprehensive understanding of their roles and limitations in conservation.

Review Results: Frontier technologies significantly enhance biodiversity conservation by improving monitoring precision, supporting species recovery, and strengthening habitat connectivity across diverse ecosystems. These technologies effectively reduce habitat degradation, increase population sizes for threatened species, and strengthen ecological networks in various regions. However, challenges persist, including difficulties in integrating diverse data sources, high costs associated with technology deployment, and limited international collaboration, particularly in resource-limited regions. These barriers hinder the widespread adoption and effectiveness of these technologies in achieving global conservation goals.

Conclusions:Frontier technologies play a critical role in advancing biodiversity conservation by bridging monitoring and protection efforts, as demonstrated by ecological improvements in China and worldwide. Their full potential is constrained by technical integration issues, financial limitations, and coordination gaps. We recommend standardized data protocols to enhance interoperability, reduce technology costs through innovative approaches, and foster global partnerships to overcome these obstacles. Future research should prioritize the development of intelligent, integrated systems to seamlessly connect monitoring with conservation actions. China’s successful conservation models provide replicable frameworks for global biodiversity restoration, supporting harmony between man and nature and addressing the biodiversity crisis effectively.

Key words: biodiversity conservation, frontier technologies, high-resolution remote sensing, genomics, artificial intelligence

卢晓强, 董姗姗, 马月, 徐徐, 邱凤, 臧明月, 万雅琼, 李孪鑫, 于赐刚, 刘燕 (2025) 前沿技术在生物多样性研究中的应用现状、挑战与展望. 生物多样性, 33, 24440. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024440.

Lu Xiaoqiang, Dong Shanshan, Ma Yue, Xu Xu, Qiu Feng, Zang Mingyue, Wan Yaqiong, Li Luanxin, Yu Cigang, Liu Yan (2025) Current status, challenges, and prospects of frontier technologies in biodiversity conservation applications. Biodiversity Science, 33, 24440. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024440.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024440

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2025/V33/I4/24440

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前沿技术在生物多样性研究中的应用现状、挑战与展望

Current status, challenges, and prospects of frontier technologies in biodiversity conservation applications

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