黄河口典型牡蛎礁分布区资源状况和栖息地功能

doi:10.17520/biods.2024208

生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4): 24208. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024208 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024208

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

黄河口典型牡蛎礁分布区资源状况和栖息地功能

张明燡¹^,²^,³^,^#(), 王晓梅¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,^*()(), 郑言鑫¹^,²^,³^,^#(), 吴楠¹^,²^,³^,⁵, 李东浩⁴^,⁶, 樊恩源⁴, 李娜⁷, 单秀娟⁷, 于涛¹^,²^,³, 赵春暖¹^,²^,³, 李波¹^,²^,³, 徐帅¹^,²^,³, 吴玉萍¹^,²^,³, 任利群¹^,²^,³

1.中国水产科学研究院长岛增殖实验站, 山东烟台 265800
2.中国水产科学研究院贝藻繁育工程技术研究中心, 山东烟台 265800
3.中国水产科学研究院岛礁渔业研究中心, 山东烟台 265800
4.中国水产科学研究院, 北京 100141
5.鲁东大学水产学院, 山东烟台 264039
6.中国航天标准化研究所, 北京 100141
7.中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所, 山东青岛 266071

收稿日期:2024-05-30 接受日期:2024-11-10 出版日期:2025-04-20 发布日期:2025-04-11
通讯作者: *E-mail: wangxiaom@cafs.ac.cn
作者简介:
#共同第一作者
基金资助:
中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费资助(2024YJ01);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费资助(2023TD12);农业生态环境调查与监测服务(A060102)

Resource status and habitat function of typical oyster reef areas in the Yellow River Estuary

Zhang Mingyi¹^,²^,³^,^#(), Wang Xiaomei¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,^*()(), Zheng Yanxin¹^,²^,³^,^#(), Wu Nan¹^,²^,³^,⁵, Li Donghao⁴^,⁶, Fan Enyuan⁴, Li Na⁷, Shan Xiujuan⁷, Yu Tao¹^,²^,³, Zhao Chunnuan¹^,²^,³, Li Bo¹^,²^,³, Xu Shuai¹^,²^,³, Wu Yuping¹^,²^,³, Ren Liqun¹^,²^,³

1 Changdao Enhancement and Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 265800, China
2 Engineering Technology Research Center of Shellfish and Algae Breeding, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 265800, China
3 Island and Reef Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 265800, China
4 Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 100141, China
5 School of Fisheries, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong 264039, China
6 China Astronautics Standards Institute, Beijing 100141, China
7 Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China

Received:2024-05-30 Accepted:2024-11-10 Online:2025-04-20 Published:2025-04-11
Contact: *E-mail: wangxiaom@cafs.ac.cn
About author:
#Co-first authors
Supported by:
Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences(2024YJ01);Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences(2023TD12);Agroecological Environment Survey and Monitoring Services(A060102)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

受人类活动等因素影响, 黄河口牡蛎礁生态系统退化严重。本文选取该区域典型牡蛎礁分布区, 就牡蛎资源、浮游藻类、浮游动物及底栖动物开展调查, 了解不同分布区牡蛎种类组成、生长特征、环境状况, 分析牡蛎礁生态功能。调查结果显示, 在黄河口各牡蛎礁分布区, 垦利一区(KL1, 平均壳高6.16 ± 1.63 mm)和垦利二区(KL2, 4.70 ± 6.86 mm)基本均为幼体; 无棣(WD, 45.69 ± 22.41 mm)多为成体牡蛎, 河口(HK, 19.68 ± 13.64 mm)牡蛎数量最多; 共采集牡蛎样本147个, 种类以长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)、近江牡蛎(C. ariakensis)为主。浮游藻类共采集3门36种, 浮游动物共采集4门12种, 底栖动物共采集5门84种, 有礁区甲壳动物优势种显著高于无礁区(P < 0.05), 丰度生物量比较曲线(ABC曲线)统计量(W值)有礁区(-0.144) > 无礁区(-0.207), 有礁区底栖动物群落结构受扰动程度低于无礁区。研究表明, 与其他区域相比, 黄河口牡蛎资源量整体偏低, 不同区域牡蛎资源量和分布特点不同, 黄河口底栖动物群落结构已受环境和人类活动影响, 牡蛎礁降低底栖动物受干扰程度, 发挥维护生物群落结构稳定的作用。因此, 建议在黄河口根据不同区域牡蛎资源现状, 因地制宜开展科学修复, 通过栖息地功能重建, 促进黄河口区域生态环境恢复, 同时加强宣传, 减少人为破坏和干扰。

关键词: 黄河口, 牡蛎礁, 资源量, 优势度, 群落结构, 生态功能, 栖息地修复

Abstract

Aims: Oyster reefs provide crucial ecosystem services, but are being seriously degraded globally. Natural oyster resources in the Yellow River Estuary have been severely damaged in recent years due to overfishing and other threats. We aim to investigate existing natural oyster resources and the diversity, community structure, and abundance of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and macrobenthos in the typical oyster distribution area of the Yellow River Estuary.

Methods: The natural oyster resources investigated include Hekou District (HK) of Dongying City, Zhanhua District (ZH) and Wudi County (WD) of Binzhou City, in the western Yellow River Estuary and Kenli District (KL1, KL2) of Dongying City in the southern Yellow River Estuary. We considered the species composition of oyster based on 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. We employed one-way ANOVA to analyze species diversity indices across different reef and reef-free areas. The species abundance biomass comparison curve (ABC curve) was used to reveal the disturbance status of macrobenthos community in the Yellow River Estuary.

Results: In the five study areas around the Yellow River Estuary, oysters in KL1 and KL2 were dominantly juveniles with mean shell height 6.16 ± 1.63 mm and 4.70 ± 6.86 mm, respectively. Oysters in WD were mostly adults (mean shell height 45.69 ± 22.41 mm). The largest oyster population was found in HK (mean shell height 19.68 ± 13.64 mm). We collected a total of 147 oyster specimens from the Yellow River estuary. From KL1, a total of 13 specimens with 11 identified as Crassostrea gigas and 2 Crassostrea ariakensis. Among the 39 oyster specimens from KL2, there were 4 species including 19 of C. gigas, 6 of C. ariakensis, 8 of Crassostrea talonata, and 6 of Nanostrea fluctigera. There were 8 oyster specimens from WD including 4 of C. gigas and 4 of C. ariakensis. All 87 oyster specimens from HK were identified as C. gigas. A total of 36 species were identified as belonging to 3 phyla of phytoplankton with the dominant species belonging to bacillariophyta. There were a total of 21 species belonging to 4 phyla of zooplankton. The dominant species in the reef area was jellyfish, while the dominant specie in the reef-free area was Noctiluca scintillans. A total of 84 species were identified as belonging to 5 phyla of macrobenthos. The dominant species in the reef areas was crustaceans and polychaetes, while in the reef-free area mollusks and ostracods. The dominant species of crustaceans in reef areas was significantly more than in reef-free areas (P< 0.05). The abundance curves of both reef and reef-free areas were above the biomass curves, and the statistical W value of reef area (-0.144) was higher than of the reef-free area (-0.207).

Conclusion: Oyster reefs in different areas of the Yellow River Estuary vary in oyster species composition, numbers of adults, and larval recruitments. The overall resource quantity is relatively low in the Yellow River Estuary when compared with other regions. The macrobenthos community structure of the Yellow River Estuary is significantly affected by environmental and human activities, but those in the reef areas are less disturbed than in the reef-free area. Our results indicate oyster reefs reduce the disturbance degree to macrobenthos and play a role in maintaining the stability of biological community structure. Therefore, we suggest strengthening public education to reduce human damage and interference to oyster reefs. According to the current characteristics of oysters in different regions, scientific restoration should be carried out to rebuild the habitat functions and improve the ecological environment of the Yellow River Estuary.

Key words: Yellow River Estuary, oyster reef, resources, dominance value, community structure, ecological function, habitat restoration

张明燡, 王晓梅, 郑言鑫, 吴楠, 李东浩, 樊恩源, 李娜, 单秀娟, 于涛, 赵春暖, 李波, 徐帅, 吴玉萍, 任利群 (2025) 黄河口典型牡蛎礁分布区资源状况和栖息地功能. 生物多样性, 33, 24208. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024208.

Zhang Mingyi, Wang Xiaomei, Zheng Yanxin, Wu Nan, Li Donghao, Fan Enyuan, Li Na, Shan Xiujuan, Yu Tao, Zhao Chunnuan, Li Bo, Xu Shuai, Wu Yuping, Ren Liqun (2025) Resource status and habitat function of typical oyster reef areas in the Yellow River Estuary. Biodiversity Science, 33, 24208. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024208.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024208

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2025/V33/I4/24208

图/表 7

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指标 Indicators	垦利一区 KL1		垦利二区 KL2		无棣 WD		沾化 ZH		河口 HK
指标 Indicators	范围 Range	平均 Mean	范围 Range	平均 Mean	范围 Range	平均 Mean	范围 Range	平均 Mean	范围 Range	平均 Mean
水深 Depth (m)	1.2-1.8	1.4	3.0-3.3	3.2	2.0-3.1	2.6	1.4-2.6	2.0	0.0-0.5	0.2
水温 Water temperature (℃)	26.3-26.7	26.5	25.0-25.7	25.3	24.6-25.0	24.9	25.4-25.9	25.7	23.9-26.3	24.6
盐度 Salinity	20.9-21.6	21.3	18.5-22.1	19.8	13.1-19.1	16.5	18.2-19.7	19.0	24.4-29.3	28.2
溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)	3.2-4.3	3.5	4.1-8.4	5.6	4.6-5.3	5.0	6.6-9.2	7.7	4.3-5.4	5.1

指标 Indicators	垦利一区 KL1		垦利二区 KL2		无棣 WD		沾化 ZH		河口 HK
指标 Indicators	范围 Range	平均 Mean	范围 Range	平均 Mean	范围 Range	平均 Mean	范围 Range	平均 Mean	范围 Range	平均 Mean
水深 Depth (m)	1.2-1.8	1.4	3.0-3.3	3.2	2.0-3.1	2.6	1.4-2.6	2.0	0.0-0.5	0.2
水温 Water temperature (℃)	26.3-26.7	26.5	25.0-25.7	25.3	24.6-25.0	24.9	25.4-25.9	25.7	23.9-26.3	24.6
盐度 Salinity	20.9-21.6	21.3	18.5-22.1	19.8	13.1-19.1	16.5	18.2-19.7	19.0	24.4-29.3	28.2
溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)	3.2-4.3	3.5	4.1-8.4	5.6	4.6-5.3	5.0	6.6-9.2	7.7	4.3-5.4	5.1

调查区 Survey area	浮游藻类 Phytoplankton				浮游动物 Zooplankton				底栖动物 Macrobenthos
	多样性指数 Diversity index		均匀度指数 Evenness index		多样性指数 Diversity index		均匀度指数 Evenness index		多样性指数 Diversity index		均匀度指数 Evenness index
	有礁区 Reef area	无礁区 Reef-free area	有礁区 Reef area	无礁区 Reef-free area	有礁区 Reef area	无礁区 Reef-free area	有礁区 Reef area	无礁区 Reef-free area	有礁区 Reef area	无礁区 Reef-free area	有礁区 Reef area	无礁区 Reef-free area
KL1	1.377	0.632	0.468	0.233	0.690	0.920	0.500	0.660	1.790	0.550	0.720	0.290
KL2	1.681	1.653	0.701	0.644	0.690	1.390	1.000	1.000	1.790	1.460	0.910	0.570
WD	0.912	1.136	0.469	0.431	0.000	1.040	-	0.950	1.650	1.300	0.680	0.660
ZH	1.220	0.009	0.530	0.004	1.340	0.000	0.970	-	0.560	0.430	0.300	0.610
HK	1.303	1.611	0.443	0.595	0.690	0.000	-	-	1.690	1.450	0.820	0.660

调查区 Survey area	浮游藻类 Phytoplankton				浮游动物 Zooplankton				底栖动物 Macrobenthos
	多样性指数 Diversity index		均匀度指数 Evenness index		多样性指数 Diversity index		均匀度指数 Evenness index		多样性指数 Diversity index		均匀度指数 Evenness index
	有礁区 Reef area	无礁区 Reef-free area	有礁区 Reef area	无礁区 Reef-free area	有礁区 Reef area	无礁区 Reef-free area	有礁区 Reef area	无礁区 Reef-free area	有礁区 Reef area	无礁区 Reef-free area	有礁区 Reef area	无礁区 Reef-free area
KL1	1.377	0.632	0.468	0.233	0.690	0.920	0.500	0.660	1.790	0.550	0.720	0.290
KL2	1.681	1.653	0.701	0.644	0.690	1.390	1.000	1.000	1.790	1.460	0.910	0.570
WD	0.912	1.136	0.469	0.431	0.000	1.040	-	0.950	1.650	1.300	0.680	0.660
ZH	1.220	0.009	0.530	0.004	1.340	0.000	0.970	-	0.560	0.430	0.300	0.610
HK	1.303	1.611	0.443	0.595	0.690	0.000	-	-	1.690	1.450	0.820	0.660

类群 Group	有礁区 Reef area		无礁区 Reef-free area
类群 Group	优势种 Dominant species	优势度 Dominance value	优势种 Dominant species	优势度 Dominance value
甲壳动物 Crustacean	中华蜾蠃蜚 Sinocorophium sinensis	0.0482
甲壳动物 Crustacean	中华近方蟹 Hemigrapsus sinensis	0.0285
多毛类 Polychaeta	长叶索沙蚕 Lumbrineris longiforlia	0.0415	红刺尖锥虫 Scoloplos rubra	0.0304
多毛类 Polychaeta	背蚓虫 Notomastus latericeus	0.0209
软体动物 Mollusca	光滑篮蛤 Potamocorbula laevis	0.0232	光滑篮蛤 Potamocorbula laevis	0.0263
			彩虹蛤 Mactra iridecens	0.0523
			日本镜蛤 Dosinia japonica	0.0455
介形虫 Ostracoda			介形虫纲 Ostracoda	0.0587

黄河口典型牡蛎礁分布区资源状况和栖息地功能

Resource status and habitat function of typical oyster reef areas in the Yellow River Estuary

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