生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 24527.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024527  cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024527

• 昆蒙框架如何在中国体制下成为主流工作目标专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

农业部门履行《生物多样性公约》的思路与途径——来自重要农业文化遗产管理的启示

郭旋1,2, 何思源1*, 闵庆文1,2,3   

  1. 1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京 100101; 2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049; 3. 北京联合大学旅游学院, 北京 100101
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-01 修回日期:2025-02-28 出版日期:2025-03-20 发布日期:2025-03-04
  • 通讯作者: 何思源

Ideas and ways for agricultural sectors to implement the Convention on Biological Diversity: Insights from the management of Important Agricultural Heritage Systems

Xuan Guo1,2, Siyuan He1*, Qingwen Min1,2,3   

  1. 1 Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China 

    2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 

    3 Tourism College of Beijing Union University, Beijing 100101, China

  • Received:2024-12-01 Revised:2025-02-28 Online:2025-03-20 Published:2025-03-04
  • Contact: Siyuan He

摘要: 生物多样性是支撑人类可持续发展和生态系统稳定的重要基础。《生物多样性公约》缔约方大会多次提出保护和可持续利用全球生物多样性的目标和路径。尽管全球采取了诸多行动, 生物多样性丧失的趋势依然未得到有效遏制。随着《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》关键目标“3030”全球目标到期时间临近, 结合中国国情推动《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》主流化, 尤其是主流经济产业部门(如农业部门)向可持续转型且发挥其履约作用, 对于推动实现2050年“人与自然和谐共生”的愿景十分必要。重要农业文化遗产作为制度化保护的传统农业系统, 在生物多样性保护、生态产品开发和区域发展协同中具有独特优势, 契合《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》中关于减少生物多样性威胁、通过可持续利用和惠益分享满足人类需求以及推动主流化工具和解决方案的目标, 有潜力推动中国特色的主流化履约模式。本文具体阐释重要农业文化遗产的生物多样性保护贡献及其制度化保护方式, 基于其系统性保护与适应性管理理念, 提出面向传统农业系统的生物多样性保护具体任务与评价指标, 包括物种丰富度、生物多样性相关地域、传统知识的贡献与传承、农业生产的环境质量与生态条件、生态农产品推广效率以及政策执行与落实效果等方面。

关键词: 生物多样性, 昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架, 重要农业文化遗产, 传统农业系统

Abstract

Backgrounds: Biodiversity is critical to support sustainable development and ecosystem stability. The Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity has repeatedly proposed goals and pathways for the conservation and sustainable use of global biodiversity. Despite numerous global actions, the trend of biodiversity loss has not been effectively curbed or reversed. With the approaching deadline of the “3030” global target under the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, it is essential to mainstream biodiversity within the Chinese institutional contexts. In particular, the transformation of key economic sectors, such as the agricultural sector, toward sustainability and their role in fulfilling commitments are crucial for advancing the vision of “harmonious coexistence of humans and nature” by 2050. 

Results: Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (IAHS), as institutionalised protections of traditional agricultural systems, possess unique advantages in biodiversity conservation, ecological product development, and regional development coordination. These systems align closely with the objectives outlined in the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, which include reducing threats to biodiversity, meeting human needs through sustainable use and benefit-sharing, and promoting mainstreaming tools and solutions. As such, IAHS have the potential to drive a mainstreaming compliance model with Chinese characteristics. 

Perspectives: This study, based on the concepts of systematic conservation and adaptive management of IAHS, proposes specific tasks for mainstreaming biodiversity into agricultural sectors. These tasks include: (1) conducting biodiversity surveys, identifying key biodiversity areas, and recognising traditional agricultural ecological landscapes to promote in-situ biodiversity conservation; (2) promoting nature-friendly ecological agricultural models, exploring and utilising local traditional ecological knowledge, and integrating agricultural production standards with nature conservation goals to strengthen the mutualistic relationship between nature and humans; and (3) developing policy frameworks and evaluation procedures, establishing long-term dynamic monitoring networks, creating financial incentive mechanisms, and setting up special funds to further enhance institutional support for IAHS, thereby constructing implementation tools and solutions. In response to these specific tasks, the study proposes concrete compliance indicators for the agricultural sector, calling for enhanced collaboration between environmental and agricultural sectors.

Key words: biodiversity, Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (IAHS), traditional agricultural systems