土壤生物多样性与外来植物入侵: 进展与展望

doi:10.17520/biods.2024243

生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (11): 24243. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024243 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024243

土壤生物多样性与外来植物入侵: 进展与展望

赵榕江¹, 吴纪华¹(), 何维明², 赵彩云³(), 周波¹, 李博⁴, 杨强¹^,^*()()

1.兰州大学草种创新与草地农业生态系统全国重点实验室/生态学院, 兰州 730000
2.河北农业大学林学院, 河北保定 071000
3.中国环境科学研究院, 北京 100012
4.云南大学生态与环境学院, 昆明 650504

收稿日期:2024-06-18 接受日期:2024-08-28 出版日期:2024-11-20 发布日期:2024-12-27
通讯作者: *E-mail: qy@lzu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2601100);国家自然科学基金(32471592);国家自然科学基金(31870521)

Soil biodiversity and exotic plant invasions: Progress and perspectives

Rongjiang Zhao¹, Jihua Wu¹(), Weiming He², Caiyun Zhao³(), Bo Zhou¹, Bo Li⁴, Qiang Yang¹^,^*()()

1. State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems/College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
2. College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
3. Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
4. School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China

Received:2024-06-18 Accepted:2024-08-28 Online:2024-11-20 Published:2024-12-27
Contact: *E-mail: qy@lzu.edu.cn
Supported by:
Support by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2601100);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32471592);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870521)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

外来植物入侵对本土生物多样性和生态安全构成严重威胁。尽管已有诸多研究探讨外来植物入侵的机制, 但土壤生物在这一过程中所起的关键作用尚未得到系统总结。本文首先综述了土壤生物驱动外来植物成功入侵的5种途径: (1)土壤微生物(病原微生物、共生微生物、腐生微生物、微生物多样性)驱动的外来植物入侵; (2)土壤动物(植食性昆虫、线虫和原生动物、螨虫和跳虫、蚯蚓)驱动的外来植物入侵; (3)土壤食物网(微食物网、整个食物网)驱动的外来植物入侵; (4)植物-土壤反馈与外来植物入侵的联系; (5)植物地上-地下生物互作对外来植物入侵的影响。其次, 基于上述研究进展, 本文提出该领域未来发展的4大趋势: (1)原产地和入侵地的生物地理学比较; (2)多样性-可入侵性假说的验证; (3)植物群落水平上的扩展; (4)多组学技术的应用。本文通过解析外来植物入侵的土壤生物学机制, 为防控外来入侵植物和保护生物多样性提供了重要依据。

关键词: 病原微生物, 菌根真菌, 腐生微生物, 植食性昆虫, 土壤线虫, 土壤食物网, 植物-土壤反馈, 植物地上-地下生物互作

Abstract

Background & Aims: Exotic plant invasions seriously threaten native biodiversity and ecological security. Although numerous studies have explored the mechanisms of exotic plant invasion, the critical role of soil organisms in this process has not been systematically reviewed.

Progress: In this review, we summarize five ways by which soil biota influence exotic plant invasions, including (1) the role of soil microorganisms (pathogenic microorganisms, symbiotic microorganisms, saprophytic microorganisms, microbial diversity); (2) the role of soil fauna (herbivorous insects, nematodes and protozoa, mites and collembolans, earthworms); (3) the role of soil food webs (micro-food webs, entire food webs); (4) the relationship between plant-soil feedback and plant invasions; and (5) the effect of plant above- and below-ground biotic interactions.

Prospectives: We propose four directions for future studies, including (1) biogeographic comparisons between native and invasive ranges; (2) the verification of the diversity-invasibility hypothesis; (3) the expansion at the plant community level; and (4) the application of multi-omics technology. By elucidating soil biological mechanisms for exotic plant invasion, this review provides important insights for the management of invasive exotic plants and biodiversity conservation.

Key words: pathogens, mycorrhizal fungi, saprophytes, insect herbivores, soil nematodes, soil food web, plant-soil feedback, plant above- and below-ground biotic interactions

赵榕江, 吴纪华, 何维明, 赵彩云, 周波, 李博, 杨强 (2024) 土壤生物多样性与外来植物入侵: 进展与展望. 生物多样性, 32, 24243. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024243.

Rongjiang Zhao, Jihua Wu, Weiming He, Caiyun Zhao, Bo Zhou, Bo Li, Qiang Yang (2024) Soil biodiversity and exotic plant invasions: Progress and perspectives. Biodiversity Science, 32, 24243. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024243.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024243

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I11/24243

图/表 1

图1 土壤生物驱动的外来植物入侵。土壤生物驱动外来植物成功入侵的方式主要分为3类。(1)直接促进: 天敌逃逸(a)和本土土壤生物募集(c)可直接促进外来植物入侵; 外来植物逃离原产地天敌后, 可通过适应性进化(b)增强其对本土植物的竞争力, 进一步加速入侵。(2)间接促进: 外来植物也可通过增强与本土生物的互惠共生(d)、影响土壤食物网(e)、促进自身凋落物的养分释放(f)等间接方式来成功入侵。(3)间接抑制本土植物: 外来植物通过改变植物地上-地下生物互作(g)、积累本土病原微生物(h)、干扰本土生物共生关系(i)、释放化感物质(j)等方式抑制本土植物生长, 间接有利于自身入侵。蓝色箭头表示积极影响, 橙色箭头表示消极影响, 黑色箭头仅表示连接关系。实线箭头表示直接影响, 虚线箭头表示间接影响。

Fig. 1 Soil biota-driven exotic plant invasions. The successful invasion of exotic plants driven by soil biota can be categorized into three main pathways: (1) Direct facilitation: enemy release (a) and recruitment of native soil biota (c) could directly promote exotic plant invasions. Exotic plants could invade through the adaptive evolution of increased competitive ability (b). (2) Indirect facilitation: exotic plants could also benefit in indirect ways, including enhancing native mutualistic associations (d), affecting soil food webs (e), and promoting nutrient release from exotic litters (f). (3) Indirect suppression of native plants: exotic plants could suppress native plants by changing plant above- and below-ground interactions (g), accumulating native pathogens (h), disrupting native mutualistic associations (i), and releasing allelochemicals (j), which are indirectly beneficial to successful invasions. Blue arrows indicate positive effects, orange arrows indicate negative effects, and black arrows indicate connection relationships only; solid arrows indicate direct effects and dashed arrows indicate indirect effects.

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土壤生物多样性与外来植物入侵: 进展与展望

Soil biodiversity and exotic plant invasions: Progress and perspectives

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