花地河中下游外来鱼类入侵现状及其与环境因子的关系

doi:10.17520/biods.2024249

生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (11): 24249. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024249 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024249

花地河中下游外来鱼类入侵现状及其与环境因子的关系

黄骏涵¹^,²^,³, 余梵冬²^,³(), 王裕祥²^,³, 黄哲¹^,²^,³, 张铭斯²^,³, 房苗²^,³, 舒璐²^,³(), 徐猛²^,³(), 韦慧²^,³, 汪学杰²^,³, 顾党恩²^,³^,^*()(), 罗思¹^,^*()()

1.淮阴工学院生命科学与食品工程学院, 江苏淮安 223003
2.中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所/农业农村部外来入侵水生生物防控重点实验室, 广州 510380
3.中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所外来物种与生态安全重点实验室, 广州 510380

收稿日期:2024-06-21 接受日期:2024-09-27 出版日期:2024-11-20 发布日期:2024-12-23
通讯作者: *E-mail: luosi@hyit.edu.cn; gudangen@163.com
基金资助:
国家大宗淡水鱼产业技术体系(CARS-45);国家自然科学基金(32371746);广州市科技计划(202102020817);广州市科技计划(202201010257);广东省现代农业产业共性关键技术研发创新团队建设项目(2023KJ134);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2020TD17);中国水产科学研究院所级基本科研业务费(2024SJRC11)

The current status of invasive fish and their interrelationships with environmental factors in the middle and lower reaches of the Huadi River

Junhan Huang¹^,²^,³, Fandong Yu²^,³(), Yuxiang Wang²^,³, Zhe Huang¹^,²^,³, Mingsi Zhang²^,³, Miao Fang²^,³, Lu Shu²^,³(), Meng Xu²^,³(), Hui Wei²^,³, Xuejie Wang²^,³, Dang’en Gu²^,³^,^*()(), Si Luo¹^,^*()()

1. School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, Jiangsu 223003, China
2. Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Aquatic Invasive Alien Species, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510380, China
3. Key Laboratory of Alien Species and Ecological Security (CAFS), Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science, Guangzhou 510380, China

Received:2024-06-21 Accepted:2024-09-27 Online:2024-11-20 Published:2024-12-23
Contact: *E-mail: luosi@hyit.edu.cn; gudangen@163.com
Supported by:
China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-45);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32371746);Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China(202102020817);Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China(202201010257);Guangdong Modern Agricultural Industry Common Key Technology R&D Innovation Team Construction Project(2023KJ134);Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, CAFS(2020TD17);Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, CAFS(2024SJRC11)

1. 附录.pdf(432KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

花地河位于广州市荔湾区, 流域内人口稠密, 工商业和观赏鱼养殖业发达, 是受人类干扰较大的典型城市河流。本文通过研究花地河中下游鱼类群落结构及其与环境因子的关系, 摸清外来鱼类入侵状况和主要环境驱动因子, 以期为城市河流水生生物多样性保护和生态修复提供科学依据。本研究于2023年7-8月(夏季)和2024年1-2月(冬季)分别在花地河中下游进行了鱼类资源调查, 在干流及4个支流上分别布设了2-4个站点, 总计18个调查站点, 每季度调查18 d。两季共采集鱼类880尾, 隶属于5目10科31属, 共34种。其中, 夏季采集到鱼类482尾, 共26种, 隶属于4目7科21属; 冬季采集到鱼类398尾, 共26种, 隶属于5目8科23属。研究发现, 花地河中下游全年的优势种为外来种尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)与麦瑞加拉鲮(Cirrhinus mrigala), 其中, 尼罗罗非鱼在夏季和冬季的相对重要性指数(relative importance index, IRI)分别为0.84723和0.55796, 麦瑞加拉鲮的IRI分别为0.10971和0.14407。多样性分析表明, 外来鱼类对花地河中下游的生物多样性存在一定影响, 其中尼罗罗非鱼的存在与Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Margalef丰富度指数均呈负相关。冗余分析(redundancy analysis, RDA)结果表明, pH值、溶解氧和水温是影响花地河中下游鱼类群落结构的主要环境因子, RDA分析的6个排序轴共解释了约47.84%的群落结构变异, 其中尼罗罗非鱼的分布主要受pH值和水温的影响, 而麦瑞加拉鲮的分布则与溶解氧含量密切相关。研究表明, 尼罗罗非鱼和麦瑞加拉鲮已成为花地河的优势种, 严重威胁本地鱼类多样性, 环境因素如pH值和溶解氧对外来鱼类分布有重要影响, 引起外来鱼类入侵可能与城市化进程中观赏渔业兴起和水质变化有关。为应对外来物种入侵, 建议加强花地河外来物种监控和防控, 重点关注尼罗罗非鱼和麦瑞加拉鲮, 并加强水质管理, 保护生态平衡。

关键词: 花地河, 城市河流, 鱼类群落结构, 冗余分析, 尼罗罗非鱼, 麦瑞加拉鲮

Abstract

Aims: This study aims to investigate the fish community structure in the middle and lower reaches of the Huadi River, Guangzhou, to assess the status of invasive fish species, and analyze the main environmental drivers affecting the distribution. The findings aim to provide scientific evidence for conservation aquatic biodiversity and ecological and restoring urban river ecosystems.

Methods: Fish resource surveys were conducted during two seasons: Summer (July-August 2023) and winter (January-February 2024). A total of 880 fish specimens were collected, encompassing 34 species from 5 orders, 10 families, and 31 genera. In summer, 482 individuals were recorded, representing 26 species from 4 orders, 7 families, and 21 genera. In winter, 398 individuals from 26 species across 5 orders, 8 families, and 23 genera were collected. The study identified species composition, assessed biodiversity, and analyzed correlations with environmental factors.

Results: The dominant species in the Huadi River throughout the year were the invasive Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Mrigal carp (Cirrhinus mrigala). In summer, Nile tilapia accounted for a high relative importance index (IRI) of 0.84723, decreasing to 0.55796 in winter. Mrigal carp had an IRI of 0.10971 in summer and 0.14407 in winter. Biodiversity analysis revealed that the presence of Nile tilapia negatively impacted indices of diversity, and richness. Redundancy analysis (RDA) identified pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and water temperature as the key environmental factors influencing the fish community structure, collectively explaining approximately 47.84% of the observed variance. Specifically, the distribution of Nile tilapia was strongly associated with pH and water temperature, while Mrigal carp showed a close relationship with dissolved oxygen levels.

Conclusion: The results suggest that Nile tilapia and Mrigal carp have established dominance in the Huadi River, significantly threatening local fish biodiversity. Environmental factors such as pH and dissolved oxygen play a crucial role in shaping the distribution of invasive fish species. The introduction and proliferation of these species are likely related to urbanization, particularly the expansion of ornamental fisheries and alterations of water quality. To address the invasion of alien species, it is recommended to enhance monitoring and control measures, particularly for Nile tilapia and Mrigal carp in Huadi River, while implementing strategies to improve water quality to preserve ecological balance.

Key words: Huadi River, urban rivers, fish community structure, redundancy analysis, Nile tilapia, Mrigal carp

黄骏涵, 余梵冬, 王裕祥, 黄哲, 张铭斯, 房苗, 舒璐, 徐猛, 韦慧, 汪学杰, 顾党恩, 罗思 (2024) 花地河中下游外来鱼类入侵现状及其与环境因子的关系. 生物多样性, 32, 24249. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024249.

Junhan Huang, Fandong Yu, Yuxiang Wang, Zhe Huang, Mingsi Zhang, Miao Fang, Lu Shu, Meng Xu, Hui Wei, Xuejie Wang, Dang’en Gu, Si Luo (2024) The current status of invasive fish and their interrelationships with environmental factors in the middle and lower reaches of the Huadi River. Biodiversity Science, 32, 24249. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024249.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024249

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I11/24249

图/表 8

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	物种 Species	夏季 Summer		冬季 Winter		是否外来鱼类 Exotic fish or not	食性 Feeding habits
	物种 Species	IRI	是否优势 Advantage or not	IRI	是否优势 Advantage or not	是否外来鱼类 Exotic fish or not	食性 Feeding habits
鲈形目 Perciformes	尼罗罗非鱼 Oreochromis niloticus	0.84723	优势种 DS	0.55796	优势种 DS	是 Yes	杂食 O
	齐氏罗非鱼 Coptodon zillii	0.05203	常见种 CS	0.03223	常见种 CS	是 Yes	杂食 O
	伽利略罗非鱼 Sarotherodon galilaeus	0.01235	常见种 CS	0.01916	常见种 CS	是 Yes	杂食 O
	血鹦鹉鱼 Amphilophus citrinellus× Paraneetroplus synspilus	0.00393	偶见种 IS	0	-	是 Yes	杂食 O
	匠丽体鱼 Herichthys carpintis	0.00252	偶见种 IS	0.00482	偶见种 IS	是 Yes	肉食 C
	粉红副尼丽鱼 Paraneetroplus synspilus	0.00048	偶见种 IS	0.00196	偶见种 IS	是 Yes	杂食 O
	双斑伴丽鱼 Hemichromis bimaculatus	0	-	0.00094	偶见种 IS	否 No	肉食 C
	斑鳢 Channa maculata	0.00140	偶见种 IS	0	-	否 No	肉食 C
	攀鲈 Anabas testudineus	0	-	0.01603	常见种 CS	否 No	杂食 O
	舌鰕虎鱼 Glossogobius giuris	0	-	0.00082	偶见种 IS	否 No	杂食 O
鲤形目 Cypriniformes	鲤 Cyprinus carpio	0.07885	常见种 CS	0.28129	优势种 DS	否 No	杂食 O
	散鳞镜鲤 Cyprinus carpio var. specularis	0	-	0.00086	偶见种 IS	是 Yes	杂食 O
	鲫 Carassius auratus	0.06990	常见种 CS	0.06168	常见种 CS	否 No	杂食 O
	鳙 Aristichys nobilis	0.00283	偶见种 IS	0.09770	常见种 CS	否 No	滤食 F
	鲢 Hypophthalmichthys molitrix	0.08877	常见种 CS	0.08522	常见种 CS	否 No	滤食 F
	鲮 Cirrhinus molitorella	0.03290	常见种 CS	0.00186	偶见种 IS	否 No	杂食 O
	麦瑞加拉鲮 Cirrhinus mrigala	0.10971	优势种 DS	0.14407	优势种 DS	是 Yes	杂食 O
	露斯塔野鲮 Labeo rohita	0.02275	常见种 CS	0.08020	常见种 CS	是 Yes	杂食 O
	红鳍原鲌 Cultrichthys erythropterus	0.00053	偶见种 IS	0.00060	偶见种 IS	否 No	肉食 C
	翘嘴鲌 Culter alburnus	0.00046	偶见种 IS	0	-	否 No	杂食 O
	䱗 Hemiculter leucisculus	0	-	0.00138	偶见种 IS	否 No	杂食 O
	草鱼 Ctenopharyngodon idella	0	-	0.00704	偶见种 IS	否 No	草食 H
	赤眼鳟 Squaliobarbus curriculus	0.00073	偶见种 IS	0.02226	常见种 CS	否 No	杂食 O
	光倒刺鲃 Spinibarbus hollandi	0.00030	偶见种 IS	0	-	否 No	杂食 O
	广东鲂 Megalobrama terminalis	0.00068	偶见种 IS	0	-	否 No	杂食 O
	银高体鲃 Barbonymus gonionotus	0	-	0.00064	偶见种 IS	是 Yes	杂食 O
	大眼华鳊 Sinibrama macrops	0.00027	偶见种 IS	0	-	否 No	杂食 O
	条纹鲮脂鲤 Prochilodus lineatus	0.01221	常见种 CS	0.00172	偶见种 IS	是 Yes	杂食 O
鲇形目 Siluriformes	胡子鲇 Clarias fuscus	0.00495	偶见种 IS	0.00063	偶见种 IS	否 No	肉食 C
	革胡子鲇 Clarias gariepinus	0.00507	偶见种 IS	0	-	是 Yes	肉食 C
	豹纹翼甲鲇 Pterygoplichthys pardalis	0.18519	优势种 DS	0.03969	常见种 CS	是 Yes	杂食 O
鲱形目 Clupeiformes	花鰶 Clupanodon thrissa	0.00128	偶见种 IS	0	-	否 No	滤食 F
鲱形目 Clupeiformes	七丝鲚 Coilia grayii	0.00259	偶见种 IS	0.00031	偶见种 IS	否 No	肉食 C
鲻形目 Characiformes	鲻 Mugil cephalus	0	-	0.00050	偶见种 IS	否 No	滤食 F

	物种 Species	夏季 Summer		冬季 Winter		是否外来鱼类 Exotic fish or not	食性 Feeding habits
	物种 Species	IRI	是否优势 Advantage or not	IRI	是否优势 Advantage or not	是否外来鱼类 Exotic fish or not	食性 Feeding habits
鲈形目 Perciformes	尼罗罗非鱼 Oreochromis niloticus	0.84723	优势种 DS	0.55796	优势种 DS	是 Yes	杂食 O
	齐氏罗非鱼 Coptodon zillii	0.05203	常见种 CS	0.03223	常见种 CS	是 Yes	杂食 O
	伽利略罗非鱼 Sarotherodon galilaeus	0.01235	常见种 CS	0.01916	常见种 CS	是 Yes	杂食 O
	血鹦鹉鱼 Amphilophus citrinellus× Paraneetroplus synspilus	0.00393	偶见种 IS	0	-	是 Yes	杂食 O
	匠丽体鱼 Herichthys carpintis	0.00252	偶见种 IS	0.00482	偶见种 IS	是 Yes	肉食 C
	粉红副尼丽鱼 Paraneetroplus synspilus	0.00048	偶见种 IS	0.00196	偶见种 IS	是 Yes	杂食 O
	双斑伴丽鱼 Hemichromis bimaculatus	0	-	0.00094	偶见种 IS	否 No	肉食 C
	斑鳢 Channa maculata	0.00140	偶见种 IS	0	-	否 No	肉食 C
	攀鲈 Anabas testudineus	0	-	0.01603	常见种 CS	否 No	杂食 O
	舌鰕虎鱼 Glossogobius giuris	0	-	0.00082	偶见种 IS	否 No	杂食 O
鲤形目 Cypriniformes	鲤 Cyprinus carpio	0.07885	常见种 CS	0.28129	优势种 DS	否 No	杂食 O
	散鳞镜鲤 Cyprinus carpio var. specularis	0	-	0.00086	偶见种 IS	是 Yes	杂食 O
	鲫 Carassius auratus	0.06990	常见种 CS	0.06168	常见种 CS	否 No	杂食 O
	鳙 Aristichys nobilis	0.00283	偶见种 IS	0.09770	常见种 CS	否 No	滤食 F
	鲢 Hypophthalmichthys molitrix	0.08877	常见种 CS	0.08522	常见种 CS	否 No	滤食 F
	鲮 Cirrhinus molitorella	0.03290	常见种 CS	0.00186	偶见种 IS	否 No	杂食 O
	麦瑞加拉鲮 Cirrhinus mrigala	0.10971	优势种 DS	0.14407	优势种 DS	是 Yes	杂食 O
	露斯塔野鲮 Labeo rohita	0.02275	常见种 CS	0.08020	常见种 CS	是 Yes	杂食 O
	红鳍原鲌 Cultrichthys erythropterus	0.00053	偶见种 IS	0.00060	偶见种 IS	否 No	肉食 C
	翘嘴鲌 Culter alburnus	0.00046	偶见种 IS	0	-	否 No	杂食 O
	䱗 Hemiculter leucisculus	0	-	0.00138	偶见种 IS	否 No	杂食 O
	草鱼 Ctenopharyngodon idella	0	-	0.00704	偶见种 IS	否 No	草食 H
	赤眼鳟 Squaliobarbus curriculus	0.00073	偶见种 IS	0.02226	常见种 CS	否 No	杂食 O
	光倒刺鲃 Spinibarbus hollandi	0.00030	偶见种 IS	0	-	否 No	杂食 O
	广东鲂 Megalobrama terminalis	0.00068	偶见种 IS	0	-	否 No	杂食 O
	银高体鲃 Barbonymus gonionotus	0	-	0.00064	偶见种 IS	是 Yes	杂食 O
	大眼华鳊 Sinibrama macrops	0.00027	偶见种 IS	0	-	否 No	杂食 O
	条纹鲮脂鲤 Prochilodus lineatus	0.01221	常见种 CS	0.00172	偶见种 IS	是 Yes	杂食 O
鲇形目 Siluriformes	胡子鲇 Clarias fuscus	0.00495	偶见种 IS	0.00063	偶见种 IS	否 No	肉食 C
	革胡子鲇 Clarias gariepinus	0.00507	偶见种 IS	0	-	是 Yes	肉食 C
	豹纹翼甲鲇 Pterygoplichthys pardalis	0.18519	优势种 DS	0.03969	常见种 CS	是 Yes	杂食 O
鲱形目 Clupeiformes	花鰶 Clupanodon thrissa	0.00128	偶见种 IS	0	-	否 No	滤食 F
鲱形目 Clupeiformes	七丝鲚 Coilia grayii	0.00259	偶见种 IS	0.00031	偶见种 IS	否 No	肉食 C
鲻形目 Characiformes	鲻 Mugil cephalus	0	-	0.00050	偶见种 IS	否 No	滤食 F

站位 Sampling station	夏季 Summer			冬季 Winter
站位 Sampling station	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon- Wiener diversity index	Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index	Margalef丰富度指数 Margalef richness index	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon- Wiener diversity index	Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index	Margalef丰富度指数 Margalef richness index
S	2.12	0.65	4.04	2.47	0.76	4.16
S1	1.49	0.68	2.01	1.85	0.84	2.33
S2	1.47	0.75	1.69	1.55	0.87	1.48
S3	1.59	0.76	1.66	1.31	0.73	1.30
S4	0.95	0.49	1.39	1.61	0.78	1.86
S5	2.42	0.87	3.92	2.41	0.89	4.04
S6	2.42	0.89	3.72	1.96	0.85	3.00
S7	1.51	0.69	2.10	2.17	0.87	2.78
S8	1.37	0.59	2.09	2.00	0.83	2.28
S9	1.44	0.69	1.79	1.70	0.74	2.23

站位 Sampling station	夏季 Summer			冬季 Winter
站位 Sampling station	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon- Wiener diversity index	Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index	Margalef丰富度指数 Margalef richness index	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon- Wiener diversity index	Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index	Margalef丰富度指数 Margalef richness index
S	2.12	0.65	4.04	2.47	0.76	4.16
S1	1.49	0.68	2.01	1.85	0.84	2.33
S2	1.47	0.75	1.69	1.55	0.87	1.48
S3	1.59	0.76	1.66	1.31	0.73	1.30
S4	0.95	0.49	1.39	1.61	0.78	1.86
S5	2.42	0.87	3.92	2.41	0.89	4.04
S6	2.42	0.89	3.72	1.96	0.85	3.00
S7	1.51	0.69	2.10	2.17	0.87	2.78
S8	1.37	0.59	2.09	2.00	0.83	2.28
S9	1.44	0.69	1.79	1.70	0.74	2.23

各轴参数 Axis parameters	Axis 1	Axis 2	Axis 3	Axis 4
特征值 Eigenvalue	35.43	4.73	4.52	2.11
解释比例 Proportion explained	35.43%	4.73%	4.52%	2.11%
累计比例 Cumulative proportion	35.43%	40.16%	44.68%	46.79%
相关系数 Pseudo-canonical correlation coefficient	74.41%	71.43%	73.05%	76.39%
解释方差 Explained fitted variation	74.05%	83.94%	93.39%	97.80%

花地河中下游外来鱼类入侵现状及其与环境因子的关系

The current status of invasive fish and their interrelationships with environmental factors in the middle and lower reaches of the Huadi River

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	pH (P = 0.002)	溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (P = 0.002)	水温 Water temperature (P = 0.014)	氨氮 NH₄⁺-N	比电导率 Specific conductivity	电导率 Conductivity
轴1 Axis 1	0.63	-0.41	0.53	0.12	-0.21	-0.10
轴2 Axis 2	0.06	0.52	-0.10	-0.65	0.20	0.17

物种 Species	轴1 Axis 1	轴2 Axis 2	物种 Species	轴1 Axis 1	轴2 Axis 2
尼罗罗非鱼 Oreochromis niloticus	4.58	0.08	鳙 Aristichys nobilis	0.03	-0.32
齐氏罗非鱼 Coptodon zillii	-0.15	0.30	鲮 Cirrhinus molitorella	0.05	0.02
伽利略罗非鱼 Sarotherodon galilaeus	-0.39	0.45	露斯塔野鲮 Labeo rohita	-0.22	1.02
匠丽体鱼 Herichthys carpintis	-0.24	-0.03	麦瑞加拉鲮 Cirrhinus mrigala	0.08	0.77
鲤 Cyprinus carpio	0.02	0.32	条纹鲮脂鲤 Prochilodus lineatus	-0.19	-0.05
鲫 Carassius auratus	0.17	0.04	赤眼鳟 Squaliobarbus curriculus	-0.08	0.21
鲢 Hypophthalmichthys molitrix	0.47	-0.20	豹纹翼甲鲇 Pterygoplichthys pardalis	-0.15	-0.75

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