关帝山不同海拔杨桦混交林土壤动物多样性特征及其影响因素

doi:10.17520/biods.2024070

生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (9): 24070. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024070 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024070

关帝山不同海拔杨桦混交林土壤动物多样性特征及其影响因素

李蓉姣¹, 董江海¹, 郑文芳¹, 刘入源¹, 赵立娟¹^,²^,^*(), 高瑞贺¹^,²^,^*()()

1.山西农业大学林学院, 山西晋中 030800
2.山西省林业危险性有害生物检验鉴定中心, 山西晋中 030800

收稿日期:2024-03-01 接受日期:2024-05-20 出版日期:2024-09-20 发布日期:2024-10-24
通讯作者: * E-mail: gaoruihe1989@163.com; E-mail: sxndmy2017@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32401594);山西省应用基础研究计划青年科技研究基金(20210302124062);山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目(2023-087);山西农业大学科技创新基金(2017YJ20)

Soil faunal diversity characteristics and influencing factors across the altitude gradient in the poplar-birch forest of Guandi Mountains

Rongjiao Li¹, Jianghai Dong¹, Wenfang Zheng¹, Ruyuan Liu¹, Lijuan Zhao¹^,²^,^*(), Ruihe Gao¹^,²^,^*()()

1. College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030800, China
2. Shanxi Dangerous Forest Pest Inspection and Identification Center, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030800, China

Received:2024-03-01 Accepted:2024-05-20 Online:2024-09-20 Published:2024-10-24
Contact: * E-mail: gaoruihe1989@163.com; E-mail: sxndmy2017@163.com
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32401594);Youth Science and Technology Research Fund of Shanxi Provincial Applied Basic Research Plan(20210302124062);Returned Overseas Scholars’ Scientific Research Fund of Shanxi Province(2023-087);Innovation Fund of Shanxi Agricultural University(2017YJ20)

1. 附录.pdf(432KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为阐明关帝山杨桦混交林土壤动物沿海拔梯度的群落变化及环境因子对其多样性特征的影响, 本研究以关帝山杨桦混交林为调查对象, 设置了4个海拔梯度(1,600 m、1,800 m、2,000 m、2,200 m)的实验样地, 于2022-2023年的5月、7月、10月对林下不同土层土壤动物进行调查。采用单因素方差分析方法分析不同海拔杨桦混交林土壤动物群落结构和多样性指数的差异特征, 用Jaccard相似性系数和Cody指数比较土壤动物群落的相似性, 并利用冗余分析明确影响土壤动物多样性特征的环境因素。结果表明: 在关帝山不同海拔杨桦混交林样地中共捕获土壤动物127类24,434头, 群落组成在海拔梯度上分化特征差异明显, 其α多样性指数除Simpson优势度指数外, 均存在显著差异(P < 0.05), 相似性系数在相邻两个海拔间表现为极相似, 物种丰富度相似性较高; 土壤动物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Margalef丰富度指数均随土层深度的加深逐渐降低, 呈现出明显的表聚性特征; 季节动态上, 多样性、丰富度以及均匀度指数均表现为夏季最高; 此外, 冗余分析结果综合表明温度、湿度和pH值是影响不同海拔土壤动物多样性特征的主要环境因子。本研究结果可为关帝山土壤动物多样性的监测和保护提供理论依据。

关键词: 海拔梯度, 季节动态, 杨桦林, 生物多样性

Abstract

Aim: The purpose of this study was to clarify the changes of a soil fauna community in the poplar-birch forest of Guandi Mountains along the altitude gradient and the resulting effects of environmental factors on its diversity.
Methods: Four sampling plots were set up along an elevation gradient in the poplar-birch forest (1,600 m, 1,800 m, 2,000 m, 2,200 m). Soil fauna in different soil layers under the forest were investigated in May, July and October of 2022 and 2023. The different characteristics of soil fauna community structure and diversity index in the poplar-birch forest at different elevations were analyzed by the one-way univariate analysis, and using Jaccard similarity index and Cody index to compare the similarity of the soil fauna community at different elevations. Redundancy analysis was used to identify the environmental factors affecting the diversity of soil fauna at different elevations.
Results: The results showed that a total of 24,434 soil fauna of 127 species were captured in the forest plots across different elevations at Guandi Mountains. There were obvious differences in the differentiation characteristics of community composition along the elevation gradient. With the exception of the Simpson index, the α diversity indices of soil fauna communities at different elevations were significantly different (P < 0.05). The Jaccard index was very similar between the two adjacent elevations, and the species richness similarity was higher. Shannon-Wiener, Pielou and Margalef indices of soil fauna at different elevations all decreased with the increase of soil depth, suggesting super-aggregation. In terms of seasonal dynamics, diversity, richness and evenness indices were highest in the summer. Furthermore, the results of the redundancy analysis suggest that temperature, humidity and pH were the main environmental factors affecting soil fauna diversity at different elevations.
Conclusion: The diversity of the soil fauna community is different across elevation gradients, soil layers and seasonal dynamics. Environmental temperature, humidity and pH are the main environmental factors affecting the diversity of soil fauna community.

Key words: elevation gradient, seasonal dynamics, poplar-birch forest, biodiversity

李蓉姣, 董江海, 郑文芳, 刘入源, 赵立娟, 高瑞贺 (2024) 关帝山不同海拔杨桦混交林土壤动物多样性特征及其影响因素. 生物多样性, 32, 24070. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024070.

Rongjiao Li, Jianghai Dong, Wenfang Zheng, Ruyuan Liu, Lijuan Zhao, Ruihe Gao (2024) Soil faunal diversity characteristics and influencing factors across the altitude gradient in the poplar-birch forest of Guandi Mountains. Biodiversity Science, 32, 24070. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024070.

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https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I9/24070

图/表 10

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海拔 Elevation (m)	纬度 Latitude (N)	经度 Longitude (E)	坡度 Slope	坡向 Slope aspect	郁闭度 Canopy density	凋落物厚度 Litter thickness (cm)	胸径 DBH (cm)	平均树高 Mean tree height (m)
1,600	37°49′	111°29′	19°	半阳 Semi-sunny	0.78	6.3	17.5 ± 0.7	13.4 ± 1.6
1,800	37°49′	111°29′	21°	半阳 Semi-sunny	0.75	5.9	16.7 ± 2.7	12.9 ± 3.9
2,000	37°52′	111°26′	18°	半阳 Semi-sunny	0.76	6.5	17.2 ± 1.2	12.6 ± 1.5
2,200	37°53′	111°25′	20°	半阳 Semi-sunny	0.73	6.1	15.6 ± 2.5	11.9 ± 2.2

海拔 Elevation (m)	纬度 Latitude (N)	经度 Longitude (E)	坡度 Slope	坡向 Slope aspect	郁闭度 Canopy density	凋落物厚度 Litter thickness (cm)	胸径 DBH (cm)	平均树高 Mean tree height (m)
1,600	37°49′	111°29′	19°	半阳 Semi-sunny	0.78	6.3	17.5 ± 0.7	13.4 ± 1.6
1,800	37°49′	111°29′	21°	半阳 Semi-sunny	0.75	5.9	16.7 ± 2.7	12.9 ± 3.9
2,000	37°52′	111°26′	18°	半阳 Semi-sunny	0.76	6.5	17.2 ± 1.2	12.6 ± 1.5
2,200	37°53′	111°25′	20°	半阳 Semi-sunny	0.73	6.1	15.6 ± 2.5	11.9 ± 2.2

海拔 Elevation (m)	春季 Spring (5月 May)		夏季 Summer (7月 July)		秋季 Autumn (10月 October)
海拔 Elevation (m)	物种数 Ns (%)	个体数 Ni (%)	物种数 Ns (%)	个体数 Ni (%)	物种数 Ns (%)	个体数 Ni (%)
1,600	78 (75.00%)	5,004 (36.94%)	87 (76.99%)	2,998 (35.20%)	64 (69.57%)	746 (31.45%)
1,800	79 (75.96%)	3,863 (28.52%)	87 (76.99%)	2,205 (25.89%)	72 (78.26%)	706 (29.76%)
2,000	70 (67.31%)	2,777 (20.50%)	83 (73.45%)	1,915 (22.48%)	53 (57.61%)	542 (22.85%)
2,200	67 (64.42%)	1,901 (14.03%)	75 (66.37%)	1,399 (16.43%)	51 (55.43%)	378 (15.94%)
总计 Total	104	13,545	113	8,517	92	2,372

海拔 Elevation (m)	春季 Spring (5月 May)		夏季 Summer (7月 July)		秋季 Autumn (10月 October)
海拔 Elevation (m)	物种数 Ns (%)	个体数 Ni (%)	物种数 Ns (%)	个体数 Ni (%)	物种数 Ns (%)	个体数 Ni (%)
1,600	78 (75.00%)	5,004 (36.94%)	87 (76.99%)	2,998 (35.20%)	64 (69.57%)	746 (31.45%)
1,800	79 (75.96%)	3,863 (28.52%)	87 (76.99%)	2,205 (25.89%)	72 (78.26%)	706 (29.76%)
2,000	70 (67.31%)	2,777 (20.50%)	83 (73.45%)	1,915 (22.48%)	53 (57.61%)	542 (22.85%)
2,200	67 (64.42%)	1,901 (14.03%)	75 (66.37%)	1,399 (16.43%)	51 (55.43%)	378 (15.94%)
总计 Total	104	13,545	113	8,517	92	2,372

指数 Index	海拔 Elevation (m)	枯枝落叶层 Litter layer	0-10 cm	10-20 cm	20-30 cm	F	P
Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H')	1,600	4.34 ± 0.15^Ba	4.15 ± 0.10^Ba	4.10 ± 0.24^Aa	3.91 ± 0.25^Aa	1.56	0.273
	1,800	4.53 ± 0.12^Aa	4.31 ± 0.14^Bab	4.20 ± 0.03^Ac	4.00 ± 0.27^Ac	5.53	0.024^*
	2,000	4.24 ± 0.15^ABa	4.21 ± 0.16^Ba	4.19 ± 0.21^Aa	4.11 ± 0.21^Aa	0.90	0.482
	2,200	4.52 ± 0.06^Aa	4.45 ± 0.02^Aa	4.36 ± 0.16^Aa	3.92 ± 0.14^Ab	20.81	0.00039^**
Margalef丰富度指数 Margalef richness index (D)	1,600	6.23 ± 0.19^Ba	5.00 ± 0.31^ABb	4.30 ± 0.27^Abc	3.53 ± 0.70^Ac	20.72	0.000396^**
	1,800	6.93 ± 0.45^Aa	5.41 ± 0.12^Ab	4.57 ± 0.46^Ac	3.72 ± 0.10^Ad	51.19	0.000014
	2,000	6.26 ± 0.34^ABa	4.71 ± 0.26^Bb	4.04 ± 0.21^Abc	3.56 ± 0.40^Ac	42.44	0.000029^**
	2,200	6.13 ± 0.47^ABa	4.36 ± 0.15^Ab	4.03 ± 0.09^Ac	3.41 ± 0.24^Ad	59.34	0.000008^**
Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index (E)	1,600	0.84 ± 0.01^Ba	0.79 ± 0.03^Cab	0.74 ± 0.03^Cbc	0.70 ± 0.03^Ac	17.06	0.001^**
	1,800	0.87 ± 0.05^ABa	0.81 ± 0.02^BCb	0.76 ± 0.02^BCbc	0.73 ± 0.01^ABc	10.61	0.004^**
	2,000	0.91 ± 0.01^Aa	0.85 ± 0.03^ABb	0.80 ± 0.04^ABb	0.72 ± 0.02^Bc	25.72	0.000184^**
	2,200	0.90 ± 0.01^Aa	0.88 ± 0.03^Aa	0.83 ± 0.01^Ab	0.76 ± 0.01^Ac	36.69	0.00005^**
Simpson优势度指数 Simpson dominance index (C)	1,600	0.08 ± 0.01^ABa	0.08 ± 0.01^Aa	0.09 ± 0.02^Aa	0.09 ± 0.02^Aa	0.45	0.725
	1,800	0.07 ± 0.00^Ba	0.08 ± 0.01^Aa	0.08 ± 0.03^Aa	0.08 ± 0.01^Aa	0.39	0.764
	2,000	0.06 ± 0.01^Aa	0.08 ± 0.02^Aa	0.08 ± 0.01^Aa	0.09 ± 0.01^Ba	2.89	0.103
	2,200	0.06 ± 0.02^Ba	0.06 ± 0.00^Aa	0.07 ± 0.02^Aa	0.08 ± 0.00^ABa	1.45	0.298

关帝山不同海拔杨桦混交林土壤动物多样性特征及其影响因素

Soil faunal diversity characteristics and influencing factors across the altitude gradient in the poplar-birch forest of Guandi Mountains

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海拔 Elevation (m)	1,600	1,800	2,000	2,200
1,600		0.7647	0.7391	0.7018
1,800	14		0.7265	0.7193
2,000	15	16		0.7547
2,200	17	16	13

指数 Index	海拔 Elevation (m)	春季 Spring (5月 May)	夏季 Summer (7月 July)	秋季 Autumn (10月 October)	F	P
Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H')	1,600	4.11 ± 0.12^Ba	4.22 ± 0.12^Ba	4.07 ± 0.28^Aa	0.53	0.617
	1,800	4.28 ± 0.17^ABa	4.53 ± 0.05^Aa	4.41 ± 0.12^Aa	3.08	0.120
	2,000	4.08 ± 0.07^Ba	4.46 ± 0.23^ABa	4.33 ± 0.29^Aa	2.30	0.182
	2,200	4.41 ± 0.03^Aa	4.52 ± 0.09^Aa	4.08 ± 0.40^Ab	16.50	0.004^**
Margalef丰富度指数 Margalef richness index (D)	1,600	5.08 ± 0.54^Ab	6.23 ± 0.11^Aa	4.74 ± 0.32^Bb	13.45	0.006^**
	1,800	5.39 ± 0.20^Ab	6.48 ± 0.36^Aa	5.89 ± 0.09^Ab	15.19	0.004^**
	2,000	5.11 ± 0.23^Ab	6.26 ± 0.51^Aa	4.62 ± 0.53^Bb	10.66	0.011^*
	2,200	5.44 ± 0.18^Aa	5.80 ± 0.28^Aa	4.35 ± 0.40^Bb	18.81	0.003^**
Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index (E)	1,600	0.71 ± 0.03^Ba	0.77 ± 0.05^Aa	0.70 ± 0.02^Ba	3.36	0.105
	1,800	0.73 ± 0.02^Bb	0.79 ± 0.02^Aab	0.76 ± 0.01^Aa	7.75	0.022^*
	2,000	0.72 ± 0.02^Bb	0.84 ± 0.04^Ab	0.76 ± 0.04^Ab	11.25	0.009^**
	2,200	0.78 ± 0.02^Aa	0.82 ± 0.06^Aa	0.79 ± 0.01^Aa	1.42	0.313
Simpson优势度指数 Simpson dominance index (C)	1,600	0.09 ± 0.01^Aa	0.08 ± 0.01^Aa	0.09 ± 0.02^Aa	1.00	0.422
	1,800	0.08 ± 0.01^Ba	0.07 ± 0.01^Aa	0.08 ± 0.01^Aa	0.57	0.593
	2,000	0.10 ± 0.01^Aa	0.07 ± 0.02^Aa	0.08 ± 0.02^Aa	2.38	0.174
	2,200	0.08 ± 0.01^Ba	0.07 ± 0.01^Aa	0.08 ± 0.02^Aa	0.60	0.579

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