南海翼足类物种多样性与分布

doi:10.17520/biods.2025487

生物多样性 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (5): 25487. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025487 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2025487

南海翼足类物种多样性与分布

梁竣策¹^,², 李开枝¹^,³^,^*()(), 谭烨辉¹^,²()

¹ 中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 热带海洋环境与岛礁生态全国重点实验室, 广东省应用海洋生物学重点实验室, 广州 510301
² 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
³ 中国科学院大亚湾海洋生物综合实验站, 广东大亚湾海洋生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 广东深圳 518121

收稿日期:2025-12-06 接受日期:2026-02-14 出版日期:2026-05-20 发布日期:2026-07-01
通讯作者: 李开枝
基金资助:
中国科学院战略生物资源计划能力建设项目(KFJ-BRP-017-095);中国科学院战略生物资源计划能力建设项目(CAS-TAX-24-044);广东省科技计划项目(2023B1212060047);广东省科技计划项目(2024B1212040008);广东省科技计划项目(2025A1515012008);科技基础资源调查专项(2025FY101400)

Species diversity and distribution of pteropods in the South China Sea

Junce Liang¹^,², Kaizhi Li¹^,³^,^*()(), Yehui Tan¹^,²()

¹ State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
² University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
³ Daya Bay Marine Biology Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Field Observation and Research Station (Guangdong Daya Bay) for Marine Ecosystem, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518121, China

Received:2025-12-06 Accepted:2026-02-14 Online:2026-05-20 Published:2026-07-01
Contact: Kaizhi Li
Supported by:
The Biological Resources Program, Chinese Academy of Sciences(KFJ-BRP-017-095);The Biological Resources Program, Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS-TAX-24-044);Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province(2023B1212060047);Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province(2024B1212040008);Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province(2025A1515012008);Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China(2025FY101400)

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摘要/Abstract

摘要：

翼足类隶属于软体动物门腹足纲异鳃亚纲, 终生营浮游生活, 是海洋浮游动物的重要类群, 我国关于该类群的生物多样性与分布研究较为缺乏。南海具有河口、陆架、深海海盆和岛礁等多种生境, 海洋生物多样性高。本研究基于2022-2023年在南海开展4个航次所采集的浮游动物样品, 结合体视显微镜与扫描电子显微镜观察, 对物种进行鉴定与形态描述, 旨在厘清南海翼足类物种多样性及其分布格局。共鉴定翼足类26种, 隶属于13科18属。发现4个中国海新记录种, 即优雅小龟螺(Diacavolinia elegans)、加氏蝴蝶螺(Desmopterus gardineri)、四褶背鳃螺(Notobranchaea tetrabranchiata)和克氏长吻螺(Cliopsis krohnii), 并进行详细的形态描述。南海翼足类物种组成存在明显的区域差异: 陆架区物种最为丰富, 岛礁区物种较少; 近岸区翼足类丰度较高但多样性较低, 开阔深海则呈现丰度较低而多样性较高的特征; 垂直分布上, 翼足类主要富集于0-200 m水层, 其丰度与多样性随深度增加显著降低。此外, 不同生态区域间的优势种组成存在差异, 反映出翼足类对不同生境的生态适应策略。本研究更新了南海翼足类的物种名录, 提供了详细的分布信息, 能为南海浮游动物分类学、生物多样性研究以及海洋生态系统监测提供重要的基础资料。

关键词: 翼足类, 浮游动物, 新记录种, 生物多样性, 南海

Abstract

Aims: Pteropods (Mollusca: Gastropoda) play a key role in marine ecosystems, contributing to critical processes such as the marine food web and carbon cycle. However, their diversity and distribution in the South China Sea remain poorly understood. To address these gaps and enhance the understanding of their regional biogeography, this study aimed to systematically investigate the species diversity and spatial distribution patterns of pteropods (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the South China Sea.
Methods: Zooplankton samples were collected during four cruises across various ecological regions, including estuarine, shelf, basin, and island/reef areas of the South China Sea between 2022 and 2023. Species were identified based on morphological examination using stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Ecological indices, including abundance, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, and Pielou evenness index, were calculated to analyze community structure.
Results: A total of 26 pteropod species belonging to 13 families and 18 genera were identified, including four new records for the South China Sea: Diacavolinia elegans, Desmopterus gardineri, Notobranchaea tetrabranchiata, and Cliopsis krohnii. Notable regional heterogeneity was observed: the Pearl River Estuary-western South China Sea shelf showed the highest species richness (22 species), while the Northern South China Sea islands and reefs had the lowest (6 species). Horizontally, coastal areas exhibited higher abundance but lower diversity, whereas open-sea areas showed the reverse pattern. Vertically, pteropods were predominantly concentrated in the 0-200 m layer, with abundance and diversity declining sharply with depth. The composition of dominant species varied markedly among different ecological regions.
Conclusion: This study updates the species checklist of pteropods in the South China Sea and reveals clear spatial partitioning in their community structure, reflecting adaptations to distinct habitats. The findings provide essential baseline data for understanding regional marine biodiversity and monitoring ecosystem changes in this marginal sea.

Key words: Pteropoda, zooplankton, new records, species diversity, South China Sea

梁竣策, 李开枝, 谭烨辉 (2026) 南海翼足类物种多样性与分布. 生物多样性, 34, 25487. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025487.

Junce Liang, Kaizhi Li, Yehui Tan (2026) Species diversity and distribution of pteropods in the South China Sea. Biodiversity Science, 34, 25487. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025487.

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图/表 7

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航次名称 Cruise	采样日期 Sampling date	调查海域 Surveyed sea area	站位水深 Station water depth	采样方式 Sampling method	网目孔径 Mesh size
南海北部岛礁航次 Northern South China Sea islands and reefs cruise	2022.05.22-06.12	南海中西部及南海北部自粤东沿岸至台湾海峡南部的岛礁邻近水域(简称南海北部岛礁) Offshore waters of islands in the central-western and northern South China Sea, from the eastern Guangdong coast to the southern Taiwan Strait (abbreviated as northern South China Sea islands and reefs)	大部分站位不超过 30 m Most stations shallower than 30 m	水平拖网 Horizontal trawl (0-5 m)	160 μm
南海南部岛礁航次 Southern South China Sea islands and reefs cruise	2023.05.22-06.13	南海西部及南沙群岛周边岛礁海域(简称南海南部岛礁) Offshore waters of islands in the western South China Sea and around the Nansha Islands (abbreviated as southern South China Sea islands and reefs)	大部分站位不超过 30 m Most stations shallower than 30 m	水平拖网 Horizontal trawl (0-5 m)	500 μm
珠江口-南海西部共享航次 Pearl River Estuary- western South China Sea cruise	2023.10.05-10.28	珠江口、南海西北部陆架至西沙群岛海区(简称珠江口-南海西部陆架) Pearl River Estuary, northwestern South China Sea continental shelf to the Xisha Islands area (abbreviated as Pearl River Estuary-western South China Sea shelf)	从陆架区不足100 m 延伸至大洋区超过 1,000 m Ranging from less than 100 m on the shelf to over 1,000 m in the oceanic zone	垂直拖网(水深 > 200 m时, 从200 m拖至表层; 水深 < 200 m时, 从底至表层) Vertical trawl (from 200 m depth to surface when water depth > 200 m; from bottom to surface when water depth < 200 m)	300 μm
南海东北部-吕宋海峡航次 Northeastern South China Sea-Luzon Strait cruise	2022.09.05-09.24	南海中东部及巴士海峡以西海盆区域(简称南海东北部海盆) Central-eastern South China Sea and the basin area west of the Bashi Channel (abbreviated as northeastern South China Sea basin)	所有站位水深均超过 1,000 m All stations deeper than 1,000 m	垂直连续分层拖网 Vertical stratified trawl (0- 25 m, 25-50 m, 50-100 m, 100-200 m, 200-300 m, 300-400 m, 400-600 m, 600-800 m, 800-1,000 m)	300 μm

航次名称 Cruise	采样日期 Sampling date	调查海域 Surveyed sea area	站位水深 Station water depth	采样方式 Sampling method	网目孔径 Mesh size
南海北部岛礁航次 Northern South China Sea islands and reefs cruise	2022.05.22-06.12	南海中西部及南海北部自粤东沿岸至台湾海峡南部的岛礁邻近水域(简称南海北部岛礁) Offshore waters of islands in the central-western and northern South China Sea, from the eastern Guangdong coast to the southern Taiwan Strait (abbreviated as northern South China Sea islands and reefs)	大部分站位不超过 30 m Most stations shallower than 30 m	水平拖网 Horizontal trawl (0-5 m)	160 μm
南海南部岛礁航次 Southern South China Sea islands and reefs cruise	2023.05.22-06.13	南海西部及南沙群岛周边岛礁海域(简称南海南部岛礁) Offshore waters of islands in the western South China Sea and around the Nansha Islands (abbreviated as southern South China Sea islands and reefs)	大部分站位不超过 30 m Most stations shallower than 30 m	水平拖网 Horizontal trawl (0-5 m)	500 μm
珠江口-南海西部共享航次 Pearl River Estuary- western South China Sea cruise	2023.10.05-10.28	珠江口、南海西北部陆架至西沙群岛海区(简称珠江口-南海西部陆架) Pearl River Estuary, northwestern South China Sea continental shelf to the Xisha Islands area (abbreviated as Pearl River Estuary-western South China Sea shelf)	从陆架区不足100 m 延伸至大洋区超过 1,000 m Ranging from less than 100 m on the shelf to over 1,000 m in the oceanic zone	垂直拖网(水深 > 200 m时, 从200 m拖至表层; 水深 < 200 m时, 从底至表层) Vertical trawl (from 200 m depth to surface when water depth > 200 m; from bottom to surface when water depth < 200 m)	300 μm
南海东北部-吕宋海峡航次 Northeastern South China Sea-Luzon Strait cruise	2022.09.05-09.24	南海中东部及巴士海峡以西海盆区域(简称南海东北部海盆) Central-eastern South China Sea and the basin area west of the Bashi Channel (abbreviated as northeastern South China Sea basin)	所有站位水深均超过 1,000 m All stations deeper than 1,000 m	垂直连续分层拖网 Vertical stratified trawl (0- 25 m, 25-50 m, 50-100 m, 100-200 m, 200-300 m, 300-400 m, 400-600 m, 600-800 m, 800-1,000 m)	300 μm

生态区 Ecological region	优势种 Dominant species
南海北部岛礁 Northern South China Sea islands and reefs	尖笔帽螺 Creseis acicula 胖螔螺 Heliconoides inflatus 马蹄螔螺 Limacina trochiformis
南海南部岛礁 Southern South China Sea islands and reefs	尖笔帽螺 Creseis acicula 锥笔帽螺 Creseis conica 芽笔帽螺 Creseis virgula 马蹄螔螺 Limacina trochiformis
珠江口-南海西部陆架 Pearl River Estuary-western South China Sea shelf	尖笔帽螺 Creseis acicula 锥笔帽螺 Creseis conica 芽笔帽螺 Creseis virgula 胖螔螺 Heliconoides inflatus 球形水肌螺 Hydromyles globulosus 泡螔螺 Limacina bulimoides 马蹄螔螺 Limacina trochiformis
南海东北部海盆 Northeastern South China Sea basin	锥笔帽螺 Creseis conica 芽笔帽螺 Creseis virgula 胖螔螺 Heliconoides inflatus 球形水肌螺 Hydromyles globulosus 泡螔螺 Limacina bulimoides

生态区 Ecological region	优势种 Dominant species
南海北部岛礁 Northern South China Sea islands and reefs	尖笔帽螺 Creseis acicula 胖螔螺 Heliconoides inflatus 马蹄螔螺 Limacina trochiformis
南海南部岛礁 Southern South China Sea islands and reefs	尖笔帽螺 Creseis acicula 锥笔帽螺 Creseis conica 芽笔帽螺 Creseis virgula 马蹄螔螺 Limacina trochiformis
珠江口-南海西部陆架 Pearl River Estuary-western South China Sea shelf	尖笔帽螺 Creseis acicula 锥笔帽螺 Creseis conica 芽笔帽螺 Creseis virgula 胖螔螺 Heliconoides inflatus 球形水肌螺 Hydromyles globulosus 泡螔螺 Limacina bulimoides 马蹄螔螺 Limacina trochiformis
南海东北部海盆 Northeastern South China Sea basin	锥笔帽螺 Creseis conica 芽笔帽螺 Creseis virgula 胖螔螺 Heliconoides inflatus 球形水肌螺 Hydromyles globulosus 泡螔螺 Limacina bulimoides

水层 Layer (m)	丰度 Abundance (ind./100 m³)			Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index			Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index
水层 Layer (m)	平均值 Average	最大值 Maximum	最小值 Minimum	平均值 Average	最大值 Maximum	最小值 Minimum	平均值 Average	最大值 Maximum	最小值 Minimum
0-25	93.58	169.23	23.08	2.00	2.74	1.46	0.89	1.00	0.81
25-50	61.27	93.33	26.67	1.93	2.45	1.15	0.90	0.98	0.72
50-100	75.70	241.94	22.58	2.11	2.99	0.87	0.82	0.98	0.55
100-200	11.04	20.69	0.00	1.47	2.16	0.00	0.76	0.95	0.00
200-300	5.45	29.11	0.00	0.58	1.58	0.00	0.43	1.00	0.00
300-400	4.32	19.67	1.18	0.60	2.22	0.00	0.36	1.00	0.00
400-600	2.25	4.76	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
600-800	0.39	1.53	0.00	0.13	1.00	0.00	0.13	1.00	0.00
800-1,000	0.29	0.81	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

南海翼足类物种多样性与分布

Species diversity and distribution of pteropods in the South China Sea

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