生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4): 24424.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024424

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇    下一篇

广东南澎列岛海洋生态国家级自然保护区造礁石珊瑚多样性及分布特征

张晶晶1,2, 黄文彬3, 陈奕廷2, 杨泽鹏3, 柯伟业3, 彭昭杰2, 魏世超2, 张志伟2, 胡怡思2, 余文华1*, 周文良2*   

  1. 1. 广州大学生命科学学院, 广州 510006; 2. 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州), 海洋生物演化与保护生物学研究中心, 广州 511458; 3. 广东南澎列岛海洋生态国家级自然保护区管理局, 广东汕头 515000
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-24 修回日期:2024-11-13 出版日期:2025-04-20 发布日期:2025-04-10
  • 通讯作者: 余文华; 周文良

Reef-building corals diversity and distribution characteristics in the National Nature Reserve of Guangdong Nanpeng Islands

Jingjing Zhang1,2, Wenbin Huang3, Yiting Chen2, Zepeng Yang3, Weiye Ke3, Zhaojie Peng3, Shichao Wei2, Zhiwei Zhang2, Yisi Hu2, Wenhua Yu1*, Wenliang Zhou2*   

  1. 1 School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China 

    2 Center for Evolution and Conservation Biology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China 

    3 Administration of National Nature Reserve for Marine Ecology of Guangdong Nanpeng Islands, Shantou, Guangdong 515000, China

  • Received:2024-09-24 Revised:2024-11-13 Online:2025-04-20 Published:2025-04-10
  • Contact: Wenhua Yu; Wenliang Zhou

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摘要： 造礁石珊瑚是珊瑚礁生态系统的框架生物, 其群落结构对生物多样性具有重要影响。北回归线是我国大陆沿岸造礁石珊瑚分布的最北线, 但是针对高纬度区域造礁石珊瑚的调查相对较少, 关于其物种多样性及群落分布特征等信息尚不明确。广东南澎列岛海洋生态国家级自然保护区(以下简称南澎列岛保护区)是我国有造礁石珊瑚分布记录的最北部几个保护区之一。本研究于2023年6月和2024年6月通过潜水调查, 旨在揭示该保护区造礁石珊瑚物种多样性及分布特征。结果表明, 南澎列岛保护区共分布造礁石珊瑚34种, 隶属于9科19属, 生长型大多为表覆状, 优势种为不等脊塍沙珊瑚(Psammocora nierstraszi)和深室沙珊瑚(P. profundacella)。保护区内造礁石珊瑚呈现为不成礁、低覆盖率的典型高纬度斑块群落分布特征, 其中顶澎岛珊瑚平均覆盖率最高, 南澎岛和中澎岛次之, 芹澎岛最低。本研究摸清了广东南澎列岛海洋生态国家级自然保护区的造礁石珊瑚物种多样性及其分布特征, 不仅有助于科学认识南澎列岛保护区造礁石珊瑚群落现状, 也为我国南海北缘珊瑚群落的保护与研究提供基础数据。

关键词: 造礁石珊瑚, 广东南澎列岛海洋生态国家级保护区, 物种多样性, 群落特征

Abstract

Aims: As the frame-work organisms of coral-reef eco-systems, species community structure of reef-building corals play a major role in biodiversity. The Tropic of Cancer is the northernmost distribution line of reef-building corals along the coast of China. However, there are relatively few studies on reef-building corals in high-latitude regions, and information on species diversity and community distribution characteristics in these areas remains unclear. 

Methods: The National Nature Reserve of Guangdong Nanpeng Islands (hereinafter referred to as Nanpeng Islands Reserve) is one of the northernmost reserves in China with records of the distribution of reef-building corals. We use SCUBA diving and video survey from June 2023 and June 2024 to reveal the species diversity and distribution characteristics of reef-building corals in the reserve. 

Results: Our results show 34 species of reef-building corals are distributed in the National Nature Reserve of Guangdong Nanpeng Islands, belonging to 19 genera and 9 families. Most of these are encrusting with Psammocora nierstraszi and P. profundacella occupying dominance. Reef-building corals exhibit typical high-latitude patchy community distribution characteristics, with non-reef-forming and low coverage within the protected area. Dingpeng Island has the highest average coral coverage among the islands, followed by Nanpeng and Zhongpeng Islands, with Qinpeng Island having the lowest coverage. 

Conclusions: We investigate the species diversity and distribution characteristics of reef-building corals in the National Nature Reserve of Guangdong Nanpeng Islands. Our findings contribute to the scientific understanding of the current status of reef-building coral communities in Nanpeng Islands Marine ecology National Nature Reserve. Additionally, we provide much needed data for the protection and research of coral communities in the northern margin of the South China Sea.

Key words: reef-building corals, the National Nature Reserve of Guangdong Nanpeng Islands, species diversity, community characteristics

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