面向《昆蒙框架》目标的生物多样性早期预警

doi:10.17520/biods.2025329

生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (12): 25329. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025329 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2025329

• 从昆蒙框架到国家行动专题 • 上一篇下一篇

面向《昆蒙框架》目标的生物多样性早期预警

俞乐¹^,²^,^*()(), 顾珈同¹(), 武慧³(), 杜贞容⁴(), 李曦煜¹(), 申小莉⁵(), 朱丽⁵(), 马克平³^,⁵()

¹ 清华大学地球系统科学系, 北京 100084
² 东亚迁徙鸟类与栖息地生态学教育部野外观测研究站, 北京 100084
³ 东北林业大学林学院东北亚生物多样性中心, 哈尔滨 150040
⁴ 大连理工大学信息与通信工程学院, 辽宁大连 116024
⁵ 中国科学院植物研究所, 北京 100093

收稿日期:2025-08-18 接受日期:2025-10-11 出版日期:2025-12-20 发布日期:2026-01-09
通讯作者: * leyu@tsinghua.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFE0209400);国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFF1307600);国家自然科学基金(42401314);车八岭国家级自然保护区物候相机监测网络建设及应用项目(CBLHT-2025050);武夷山生态环境与人体健康关联性研究项目(20242120035)

Biodiversity early warning for the objectives of Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework

Le Yu¹^,²^,^*()(), Jiatong Gu¹(), Hui Wu³(), Zhenrong Du⁴(), Xiyu Li¹(), Xiaoli Shen⁵(), Li Zhu⁵(), Keping Ma³^,⁵()

¹ Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
² Ministry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds, Beijing 100084, China
³ Northeast Asia Biodiversity Research Center, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
⁴ School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
⁵ Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China

Received:2025-08-18 Accepted:2025-10-11 Online:2025-12-20 Published:2026-01-09
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFE0209400);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFF1307600);National Natural Science Foundation of China(42401314);Chebaling National Nature Reserve Phenology Monitoring Network Construction and Application Project(CBLHT-2025050);Investigation Research Program between Ecological Environment and Human Health in Wuyi Mountain(20242120035)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生物多样性保护是国际社会最为关注的热点之一, 有效遏制并扭转全球生物多样性的丧失趋势是当前全球生态治理的重大挑战, 亟需构建有效的全球生物多样性早期预警体系, 以实时监测和评估生物多样性变化。《生物多样性公约》第十五次缔约方大会制定并通过的《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》(简称《昆蒙框架》)为全球生物多样性治理指明了方向。本文基于《昆蒙框架》目标, 探讨了全球生物多样性早期预警体系建设的现状、关键问题、潜在机遇及实现路径。首先, 本文阐述了全球早期预警系统的建设现状, 并分析全球其他领域早期预警对生物多样性早期预警的启示。本文指出, 尽管当前全球在生物多样性早期预警体系建设方面取得了一定进展, 但仍面临数据不完善、技术手段落后、跨国合作不足等困难。其次, 本文从《昆蒙框架》出发, 系统梳理了全球生物多样性早期预警体系建设的基本框架和关键要素, 并设计了全球早期预警指标。最后, 本文提出通过整合卫星遥感、地面相机等多源数据, 依托云计算、人工智能等先进技术, 构建具有高扩展性和强容错性的数据-知识-计算一体化生物多样性早期预警体系, 以实现对生物多样性的多维度、多层次、多尺度综合分析。在国际政策协同合作的基础上, 面向《昆蒙框架》的全球生物多样性早期预警体系建设将推动全球生物多样性治理的科学化与智能化, 为各国制定与实施生物多样性保护政策提供坚实的科学依据, 并为全球生物多样性保护和可持续发展做出积极贡献。

关键词: 生物多样性, 昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架, 遥感技术, 早期预警

Abstract

Background: Biodiversity conservation remains one of the most urgent priorities on the global environmental agenda. Effectively halting and reversing the ongoing loss of biodiversity constitutes a fundamental challenge for contemporary ecological governance. In order to fulfill the objectives of global sustainable development, it is essential to establish a robust and responsive global biodiversity early warning system capable of real-time monitoring and dynamic assessment of biodiversity trends. The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF), adopted at the fifteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (COP15), outlines a strategic roadmap for the future of global biodiversity governance.

Aims: Based on the objectives articulated by the KMGBF, this study investigates the current status, principal challenges, emerging opportunities, and strategic pathways for advancing the development of a global biodiversity early warning system. Through enhanced international policy coordination and collaborative efforts, the envisioned system aspires to promote the scientific and intelligent governance of global biodiversity. It is expected to provide a rigorous scientific foundation for the formulation and execution of biodiversity conservation policies across nations, thereby making a substantive contribution to global biodiversity protection and the broader pursuit of sustainable development.

Challenges & Prospects: This study begins by underscoring the pivotal role of the KMGBF in guiding the development of a global biodiversity early warning system. Despite notable advancements in recent years, significant challenges persist, including incomplete data coverage, reliance on outdated technologies, and insufficient international cooperation. Building on the vision articulated in the KMGBF, this paper systematically outlines the foundational architecture and key components of a global biodiversity early warning system, and proposes a suite of global indicators to facilitate its implementation. Furthermore, this paper advocates the integration of multi-source data, including satellite remote sensing and ground-based camera observations, along with advanced technologies such as cloud computing and artificial intelligence. This integrated approach aims to establish a scalable and resilient global biodiversity early warning system that can support multidimensional, multilevel, and multiscale biodiversity assessments.

Key words: biodiversity, Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, remote sensing technique, early monitoring and warning

俞乐, 顾珈同, 武慧, 杜贞容, 李曦煜, 申小莉, 朱丽, 马克平 (2025) 面向《昆蒙框架》目标的生物多样性早期预警. 生物多样性, 33, 25329. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025329.

Le Yu, Jiatong Gu, Hui Wu, Zhenrong Du, Xiyu Li, Xiaoli Shen, Li Zhu, Keping Ma (2025) Biodiversity early warning for the objectives of Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. Biodiversity Science, 33, 25329. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025329.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2025329

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2025/V33/I12/25329

图/表 6

参考文献 49

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序号 Number	类别 Category	指标参数 Indicator parameter
1	生境条件 Habitat condition	大气降水 Atmospheric precipitation
2		地表温度 Surface temperature
3		高程 Elevation
4		土壤含水量 Soil moisture
5	生境结构 Habitat structure	冰盖栖息地 Ice cover habitat
6		城市栖息地 Urban habitat
7		土地覆盖 Land cover
8		地上生物量 Above-ground biomass
9		植被覆盖度 Fraction of vegetation cover
10		植被密度 Vegetation density
11		植被高度 Vegetation height
12	生境质量 Habitat quality	生态系统破碎化 Ecosystem fragmentation
13		生态系统结构差异 Ecosystem structural variance
14		碳循环 Carbon cycle
15		光合有效辐射吸收比率 Fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation
16		总初级生产力 Gross primary productivity
17		净初级生产力 Net primary productivity
18		叶面积指数 Leaf area index
19		叶绿素含量与通量 Chlorophyll content and flux
20		蒸散发 Evapotranspiration
21	生态系统物候学 Ecosystem phenology	返青期(季节开始) Green-up (start of season)
22		峰值(季节最大值) Peak (maximum of season)
23		衰老期(季节结束) Senescence (end of season)
24	物种种群 Species population	物种丰度 Species abundance
25		相对物种丰度 Relative species abundance
26		种群密度 Population density
27	干扰影响 Interference impact	极端天气频度及强度 The frequency and intensity of extreme weather events
28		野火扰动的生物学影响 Biological effects of fire disturbance
29		生物干扰类型及影响程度 Types and severity of biological interference
30		非法活动类型及规模 Types and scale of illegal activities
31		背景完整度 Contextual intactness

序号 Number	类别 Category	指标参数 Indicator parameter
1	生境条件 Habitat condition	大气降水 Atmospheric precipitation
2		地表温度 Surface temperature
3		高程 Elevation
4		土壤含水量 Soil moisture
5	生境结构 Habitat structure	冰盖栖息地 Ice cover habitat
6		城市栖息地 Urban habitat
7		土地覆盖 Land cover
8		地上生物量 Above-ground biomass
9		植被覆盖度 Fraction of vegetation cover
10		植被密度 Vegetation density
11		植被高度 Vegetation height
12	生境质量 Habitat quality	生态系统破碎化 Ecosystem fragmentation
13		生态系统结构差异 Ecosystem structural variance
14		碳循环 Carbon cycle
15		光合有效辐射吸收比率 Fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation
16		总初级生产力 Gross primary productivity
17		净初级生产力 Net primary productivity
18		叶面积指数 Leaf area index
19		叶绿素含量与通量 Chlorophyll content and flux
20		蒸散发 Evapotranspiration
21	生态系统物候学 Ecosystem phenology	返青期(季节开始) Green-up (start of season)
22		峰值(季节最大值) Peak (maximum of season)
23		衰老期(季节结束) Senescence (end of season)
24	物种种群 Species population	物种丰度 Species abundance
25		相对物种丰度 Relative species abundance
26		种群密度 Population density
27	干扰影响 Interference impact	极端天气频度及强度 The frequency and intensity of extreme weather events
28		野火扰动的生物学影响 Biological effects of fire disturbance
29		生物干扰类型及影响程度 Types and severity of biological interference
30		非法活动类型及规模 Types and scale of illegal activities
31		背景完整度 Contextual intactness

面向《昆蒙框架》目标的生物多样性早期预警

Biodiversity early warning for the objectives of Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework

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