全球视角下的中国生物多样性监测进展与展望

doi:10.17520/biods.2022434

生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (10): 22434. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022434

全球视角下的中国生物多样性监测进展与展望

吴慧¹, 徐学红¹, 冯晓娟¹^,^*(), 米湘成¹, 苏艳军¹, 肖治术², 朱朝东², 曹垒³, 高欣⁴, 宋创业¹, 郭良栋⁵, 吴东辉⁶, 江建平⁷, 沈浩⁸, 马克平¹

1.中国科学院植物研究所, 北京 100093
2.中国科学院动物研究所, 北京 100101
3.中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 北京 100085
4.中国科学院水生生物研究所, 武汉 430072
5.中国科学院微生物研究所, 北京 100101
6.中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所, 长春 130102
7.中国科学院成都生物研究所, 成都 610041
8.中国科学院华南植物园, 广州 510650

收稿日期:2022-07-29 接受日期:2022-10-06 出版日期:2022-10-20 发布日期:2022-10-13
通讯作者: 冯晓娟
作者简介:* E-mail: xfeng@ibcas.ac.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院战略生物资源计划;中国科学院战略性先导专项(XDA19050403)

Progress and prospect of China biodiversity monitoring from a global perspective

Hui Wu¹, Xuehong Xu¹, Xiaojuan Feng¹^,^*(), Xiangcheng Mi¹, Yanjun Su¹, Zhishu Xiao², Chaodong Zhu², Lei Cao³, Xin Gao⁴, Chuangye Song¹, Liangdong Guo⁵, Donghui Wu⁶, Jianping Jiang⁷, Hao Shen⁸, Keping Ma¹

1. Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093
2. Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101
3. Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085
4. Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072
5. Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101
6. Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102
7. Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041
8. South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650

Received:2022-07-29 Accepted:2022-10-06 Online:2022-10-20 Published:2022-10-13
Contact: Xiaojuan Feng

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生物多样性强烈的时空尺度依赖性和多层次性决定了生物多样性现状与变量的分析需要在不同生态系统进行多空间尺度、全面和连续的监测。因此, 构建生物多样性研究监测网络是生物多样性保护和研究的基础工作。近年来, 对地观测组织-生物多样性观测网络(GEO BON)、亚太生物多样性监测网络(APBON)等全球、区域以及国家尺度的生物多样性监测网络蓬勃发展。中国陆续在国家尺度上建立了针对生态系统和物种的长期监测网络, 其中, 中国生物多样性监测与研究网络(China Biodiversity Observation and Research Network, Sino BON)于2013年启动建设, 在我国主要生态系统和环境梯度设置30个监测主点和60个监测辅点, 目前已建成10个专项网对动物、植物和微生物进行监测, 并建立了以数据标准与汇交、近地面遥感为核心的综合监测中心。Sino BON打造了从地下、地面到森林林冠的多尺度、多类群(功能群)以及多营养级交互为重点的监测与研究平台, 为理解生物多样性变化趋势及其驱动因素、研究生物多样性维持机制, 以及国家履行《生物多样性公约》、保护生物多样性和生物资源提供详实可靠的生物多样性变化数据。为进一步支撑国家生物多样性治理能力、深化全球多样性保护合作, 我国生物多样性监测亟需在监测技术、监测区域、数据标准、综合信息平台等方向谋求更大的发展。

关键词: 生物多样性, 监测与研究, Sino BON, 可持续利用

Abstract

Background & Aim: Analyzing biodiversity status requires multi-spatial scale, continuous monitoring across different ecosystems due to its heterogenous nature in both space and time. Therefore, monitoring networks are necessary for biodiversity conservation research. Biodiversity monitoring networks at the global, regional, and national scales, represented by GEO BON and APBON, have flourished. China has established a long-term monitoring network for ecosystems and species at the national scale. and the China Biodiversity Observation and Research Network (Sino BON) was launched in 2013 with strong support from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Finance.
Review Results: Sino BON includes 10 subnetworks specialized at monitoring animals, plants and microbes and an additional network for near-ground remote sensing, which covers 30 main sites and 60 affiliated sites in China. Currently, Sino BON has created a research platform for multi-trophic interactions among soil microorganisms, insects, large mammals, underground forests to forest canopies. This platform provides an understanding of biodiversity change and its driving factors at the national level and may be used in protecting biodiversity and sustainable utilization of biological resources.
Perspectives: For further progresses, monitoring technology, monitoring areas, data standards and integrated information platforms require further development.

Key words: biodiversity, monitoring and research, Sino BON, sustainable utilization

吴慧, 徐学红, 冯晓娟, 米湘成, 苏艳军, 肖治术, 朱朝东, 曹垒, 高欣, 宋创业, 郭良栋, 吴东辉, 江建平, 沈浩, 马克平 (2022) 全球视角下的中国生物多样性监测进展与展望. 生物多样性, 30, 22434. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022434.

Hui Wu, Xuehong Xu, Xiaojuan Feng, Xiangcheng Mi, Yanjun Su, Zhishu Xiao, Chaodong Zhu, Lei Cao, Xin Gao, Chuangye Song, Liangdong Guo, Donghui Wu, Jianping Jiang, Hao Shen, Keping Ma (2022) Progress and prospect of China biodiversity monitoring from a global perspective. Biodiversity Science, 30, 22434. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022434.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2022434

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2022/V30/I10/22434

图/表 2

图1 全球生物多样性监测网络发展史。CTFS: 热带森林科学中心; RAINFOR: 亚马逊森林清查网络; TEAM: 热带生态评估与监测网络; CForBio: 中国森林生物多样性监测网络; ForestGEO: 全球森林监测网络; Sino BON: 中国生物多样性监测与研究网络; GEO BON: 对地观测组织-生物多样性观测网络; APBON: 亚太生物多样性监测网络; Arctic BON: 北极生物多样性观测网络; EuropaBON: 欧洲生物多样性监测网络。

Fig. 1 Timeline of history of global biodiversity monitoring network. CTFS, Center for Tropical Forest Science; RAINFOR, Amazonian Forest Inventory Network; TEAM, Tropical Ecology Assessment and Monitoring Network; CForBio, Chinese Forest Biodiversity Monitoring Network; ForestGEO, The Forest Global Earth Observatory; Sino BON, China Biodiversity Observation and Research Network; GEO BON, The Group on Earth Observations-Biodiversity Observation Network; APBON, Asia Pacific Biodiversity Observation Network; Arctic BON, Arctic Biodiversity Observation Network; EuropaBON, Europa Biodiversity Observation Network.

图2 Sino BON 10个专项网(a)在全国30个主点60个辅点对物种、群落和生态系统的动态变化以及多营养级之间互作进行监测, 并通过使用近地面遥感的无人机、测量树木生长的生长环、用于迁徙鸟类的卫星追踪器、用于林冠生物多样性监测的森林塔吊、用于两栖动物的无线电全频跟踪定位仪、用于哺乳动物和地栖鸟类监测的红外相机等设备打造了天-空-地一体化、长时序自动化监测的体系(b)。

Fig. 2 An illustration of how Sino BON is organized for monitoring dynamics of species and ecosystems and multiple trophic interactions through cooperation among the 10 subnetworks (a), and through the use of UAVs for near-ground remote sensing, growth rings for measuring tree growth, satellite trackers for migratory birds, forest tower cranes for canopy biodiversity monitoring, radio full-frequency tracking locators for amphibians, and infrared cameras for mammal and terrestrial bird monitoring to build a sky-ground integrated and long-term automatic monitoring system (b).

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全球视角下的中国生物多样性监测进展与展望

Progress and prospect of China biodiversity monitoring from a global perspective

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