微生物物种多样性、群落构建与功能性状研究进展

doi:10.17520/biods.2022429

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

微生物主要包括细菌、真菌、古菌、病毒等类群, 是地球上出现时间最早、分布最广泛、个体数量最多, 以及物种和基因多样性十分丰富的生物类群。为了适应各种生境, 微生物衍生出腐生、寄生、共生等多样的生存策略, 在生物地球化学循环、生态系统演替与稳定性、环境修复以及人类健康等方面发挥着重要作用。传统的微生物监测方法限制了我们对微生物多样性的认知; 但是, 近年来高通量测序技术和生物信息学的发展极大推动了微生物多样性的研究进展。本文概述了近年来在微生物多样性分布格局与维持、群落构建以及功能属性多样性的最新进展; 总结分析了细菌、古菌、真菌的多样性纬度分布格局及其驱动因子, 选择、扩散、成种、漂变等过程对细菌、古菌、真菌的群落构建的贡献, 以及细菌和真菌的形态、生理生化、生长繁殖、扩散、基因组等功能性状的多样性; 提出了未来微生物多样性研究的重要领域: 环境宏真菌组研究, 微生物多样性与生态系统多功能性的关系研究, 以及微生物互作网络的生态功能研究。

关键词: 物种多样性, 分布格局, 群落构建, 功能性状, 高通量测序技术

Abstract

Background: Microbes, collectively bacteria, fungi, archaea, and viruses, are the organisms that are widely distributed on earth, with a huge number of individuals and high diversity of species and genes. In order to adapt to various habitats, microbes have developed many life strategies, such as saprotroph, parasite and symbiont, and consequently contribute broadly to biogeochemical cycles, ecosystem succession and stability, environmental remediation, and human health. Research on microbial diversity had been limited by traditional monitoring techniques. Recently, benefiting from the development of high-throughput sequencing techniques and bioinformatics, understanding of microbial diversity has been significantly advanced.
Results: This study reviews the progress on the diversity distribution pattern and maintenance, community assembly and functional trait of microbes. Altitudinal distribution patterns and drivers of bacterial, archaeal, and fungal diversity have been demonstrated. Selection, dispersal, speciation and drift processes are important for the community assembly of bacteria, archaea, and fungi. Bacteria and fungi are diverse in functional traits, such as morphology, physiology and biochemistry, growth and propagation, dispersal and genome. Future study in microbial diversity should focus on fungal metagenomics, relationship between microbial diversity and ecosystem function, and ecosystem function of microbial interaction network.

Key words: species diversity, distribution pattern, community assembly, functional trait, high-throughput sequencing technique

高程, 郭良栋 (2022) 微生物物种多样性、群落构建与功能性状研究进展. 生物多样性, 30, 22429. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022429.

Cheng Gao, Liang-Dong Guo (2022) Progress on microbial species diversity, community assembly and functional traits. Biodiversity Science, 30, 22429. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022429.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2022429

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2022/V30/I10/22429

图/表 2

图1 微生物多样性研究发表文章数量逐年增加。在ISI Web of Science数据库中以microb*和diversit*为关键词进行检索, 检索期限为2000-2020, 检索时间为2022年9月15日。每个点代表每年发表的文章数。

Fig. 1 Numbers of published papers of microbial diversity in recent years. We performed search in ISI Web of Science using keywords microb* and diversit*, ranged from 2000 to 2020, at the date of September 15, 2022.

图2 微生物多样性进展和展望概念图

Fig. 2 Concept framework of progress and perspective of microbial diversity

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