生境片断化对濒危植物景东翅子树种群结构与动态的影响

doi:10.17520/biods.2020397

生物多样性 ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (4): 449-455. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2020397

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

生境片断化对濒危植物景东翅子树种群结构与动态的影响

杨国平¹, 吴涛²^,³^,⁴, 耿云芬²^,³^,⁴, 李小双², 郝佳波²^,³^,⁴, 袁春明²^,³^,⁴^,^*()

1 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园, 云南勐腊 666303
2 云南省林业和草原科学院, 昆明 650204
3 国家林业和草原局云南珍稀濒特森林植物保护和繁育重点实验室, 昆明 650204
4 云南省森林植物培育与利用重点实验室, 昆明 650204

收稿日期:2020-10-12 接受日期:2021-01-14 出版日期:2021-04-20 发布日期:2021-04-20
通讯作者: 袁春明
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31760176)

Effects of habitat fragmentation on population structure and dynamics of the endangered plant Pterospermum kingtungense

Guoping Yang¹, Tao Wu²^,³^,⁴, Yunfen Geng²^,³^,⁴, Xiaoshuang Li², Jiabo Hao²^,³^,⁴, Chunming Yuan²^,³^,⁴^,^*()

1 Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303
2 Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming 650204
3 Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Forest Plants of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Kunming 650204
4 Key Laboratory for Forest Silviculture and Resources Development of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650204

Received:2020-10-12 Accepted:2021-01-14 Online:2021-04-20 Published:2021-04-20
Contact: Chunming Yuan
About author:* E-mail: yuanchunming1017@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生境的破坏及其片断化是生物多样性丧失的主要原因, 了解生境片断化对植物种群动态的影响十分必要。本文比较分析了不同大小生境片断(5 ha和15 ha)和连续森林中濒危植物景东翅子树(Pterospermum kingtungense)种群的结构与动态, 目的是明确影响景东翅子树种群动态的关键生活史阶段及其种群保护的目标, 为濒危植物种群保护和管理策略的制定提供科学依据。在上述3种生境中分别设立3个50 m × 100 m的1.5 ha固定样地, 调查景东翅子树所有个体的胸径(其中幼苗和幼树为地径)和高度、个体的存活及幼苗的补充情况。基于上述统计参数, 建立预测种群动态的Lefkovitch矩阵模型, 同时应用矩阵模型的弹性分析方法量化种群统计参数对种群增长率的相对贡献。结果表明: (1)在5 ha和15 ha生境片断及连续森林各1.5 ha的样地中, 2018年首次调查到景东翅子树的个体数分别为34、82和88株, 2019年复查时的个体数分别为33、82和87株。3种生境中景东翅子树种群的年龄结构均以幼树为主, 但5 ha生境片断森林缺乏幼苗和大树(包括成树和亚成树), 而15 ha生境片断森林幼苗较丰富。(2)在3种生境中景东翅子树种群的增长率等于1 (15 ha生境片断)或趋近于1 (5 ha生境片断和连续森林), 说明不同生境中的景东翅子树种群比较稳定, 这主要是因为其各生活史阶段的存活率均较高。(3)景东翅子树成树和亚成树阶段的存活率对种群增长率的贡献最大, 是影响其种群动态的关键生活史阶段。因此对于大树(包括成树和亚成树)的保护是极度濒危植物景东翅子树种群维持的关键。研究结果揭示小生境片断降低了景东翅子树种群的数量, 改变了种群的结构, 但对种群动态的影响效应尚未显现。因此对于这些小生境片断中濒危植物种群的保护和恢复是可行的, 也是有价值的。

关键词: 生境片断化, 种群动态, Lefkovitch矩阵模型, 种群增长率, 弹性分析

Abstract

Aims: Habitat destruction and fragmentation are the leading cause of biodiversity loss. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the effect of fragmentation on plant population dynamics. The present study compared the population structure and dynamics of the endangered plant Pterospermum kingtungense in fragmented habitats of different sizes (5-ha and 15-ha) and continuous forests. We sought to identify the key life history stages that affect the population dynamics of P. kingtungense, with the goal of the providing a scientific basis for the formulation of endangered plant protection and management strategies.

Methods: Censuses were conducted over a one-year (2018-2019) period in three 50 m × 100 m sampling plots in each of the three habitats. All P. kingtungense plants were measured for DBH (diameter at breast height, but ground diameter for seedlings and saplings), height, survival, and seedling replenishment. Based on the investigated demographic parameters, annual transition matrices were established for each habitat to predict the population dynamics, and the relative contribution of the population demographic parameters to the population growth rate was quantified by the elastic analysis method of the matrix model.

Results: Across the two years, we recorded an average of 33.5, 82 and 87.5 P. kingtungense individuals in the 5-ha fragment, 15-ha fragment and continuous forest plots, respectively. Saplings dominated in the three habitats, but seedlings and big trees (comprising subadult and adult) are scarce in the 5-ha forest fragment, while seedlings are abundant in the 15-ha forest fragment. The population growth rate of P. kingtungense was equal to (15-ha fragment) or approaching (5-ha fragment and continuous forests) one, suggesting that P. kingtungense populations were stable in different size fragments and continuous forests. This stability is mainly due to the high survival rates of the populations in each life cycle stages. The survival rates of adult and subadult stages contribute substantially to the population growth rate, and these are the key life cycle stages affecting population dynamics in this species. Thus the protection of large trees (i.e., adults and subadults) is key to maintaining populations of the endangered plant P. kingtungense.

Conclusion: Our findings reveal that the population size of P. kingtungense decreased and its population structure altered in the small fragmented habitat, but the effect on the population dynamics may not yet have shown themselves. Therefore, it is feasible and valuable to protect and restore the endangered plant populations even in small, fragmented habitats.

Key words: habitat fragmentation, population dynamics, Lefkovitch matrix models, population growth rate, elasticity analysis

杨国平, 吴涛, 耿云芬, 李小双, 郝佳波, 袁春明 (2021) 生境片断化对濒危植物景东翅子树种群结构与动态的影响. 生物多样性, 29, 449-455. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2020397.

Guoping Yang, Tao Wu, Yunfen Geng, Xiaoshuang Li, Jiabo Hao, Chunming Yuan (2021) Effects of habitat fragmentation on population structure and dynamics of the endangered plant Pterospermum kingtungense. Biodiversity Science, 29, 449-455. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2020397.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2020397

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2021/V29/I4/449

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参考文献 29

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生境类型 Habitat type	地理位置 Geographic location	海拔 Altitude (m)	土壤类型 Soil type	林冠高度 Canopy height (m)	郁闭度 Canopy density	样方数 No. of plots
5 ha生境片断 5-ha fragmented habitat	100°41′ E, 24°38′ N	1,440	黄壤 Yellow soil	20	0.85	3
15 ha生境片断 15-ha fragmented habitat	101°05′ E, 24°17′ N	1,352	红壤 Red soil	12	0.70	3
连续森林 Continuous forest	100°40′ E, 24°38′ N	1,485	黄壤 Yellow soil	20	0.92	2
连续森林 Continuous forest	100°38′ E, 24°43′ N	1,430	黄壤 Yellow soil	18	0.90	1

生境类型 Habitat type	地理位置 Geographic location	海拔 Altitude (m)	土壤类型 Soil type	林冠高度 Canopy height (m)	郁闭度 Canopy density	样方数 No. of plots
5 ha生境片断 5-ha fragmented habitat	100°41′ E, 24°38′ N	1,440	黄壤 Yellow soil	20	0.85	3
15 ha生境片断 15-ha fragmented habitat	101°05′ E, 24°17′ N	1,352	红壤 Red soil	12	0.70	3
连续森林 Continuous forest	100°40′ E, 24°38′ N	1,485	黄壤 Yellow soil	20	0.92	2
连续森林 Continuous forest	100°38′ E, 24°43′ N	1,430	黄壤 Yellow soil	18	0.90	1

生境 Habitat	矩阵 Matrix					特征向量 Eigen vector	种群增长率 λ
5 ha生境片断 5-ha fragmented habitat	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.9999
	0.0000	0.8750	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000
	0.0000	0.0417	0.5000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000
	0.0000	0.0000	0.50000	1.0000	0.0000	0.8889
	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	1.0000	0.1111
15 ha生境片断 15-ha fragmented habitat	0.8519	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.1667	0.1618	1.0000
	0.1111	0.9667	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.5386
	0.0000	0.0000	1.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0959
	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	1.0000	0.0000	0.0599
	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	1.0000	0.1438
连续森林 Continuous forest	0.3333	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0909	0.0387	1.0172
	0.6667	0.9730	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.5837
	0.0000	0.0270	0.8696	0.0000	0.0000	0.1069
	0.0000	0.0000	0.0435	0.8750	0.0000	0.0327
	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.1250	1.0000	0.2381

生境 Habitat	矩阵 Matrix					特征向量 Eigen vector	种群增长率 λ
5 ha生境片断 5-ha fragmented habitat	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.9999
	0.0000	0.8750	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000
	0.0000	0.0417	0.5000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000
	0.0000	0.0000	0.50000	1.0000	0.0000	0.8889
	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	1.0000	0.1111
15 ha生境片断 15-ha fragmented habitat	0.8519	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.1667	0.1618	1.0000
	0.1111	0.9667	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.5386
	0.0000	0.0000	1.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0959
	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	1.0000	0.0000	0.0599
	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	1.0000	0.1438
连续森林 Continuous forest	0.3333	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0909	0.0387	1.0172
	0.6667	0.9730	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.5837
	0.0000	0.0270	0.8696	0.0000	0.0000	0.1069
	0.0000	0.0000	0.0435	0.8750	0.0000	0.0327
	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.1250	1.0000	0.2381

生境 Habitat	生活史阶段 Life history stage	幼苗 Seedling	幼树 Sapling	小树 Small tree	亚成树 Subadult tree	成树 Adult tree
5 ha生境片断 5-ha fragmented habitat	幼苗 Seedling	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000
	幼树 Sapling	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000
	小树 Small tree	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000
	亚成树 Subadult tree	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.8889	0.0000
	成树 Adult tree	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.1111
15 ha生境片断 15-ha fragmented habitat	幼苗 Seedling	0.0058	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000
	幼树 Sapling	0.0008	0.0226	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000
	小树 Small tree	0.0000	0.0000	0.0329	0.0000	0.0000
	亚成树 Subadult tree	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0128	0.0000
	成树 Adult tree	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.9242
连续森林 Continuous forest	幼苗 Seedling	0.0050	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000
	幼树 Sapling	0.0102	0.2250	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000
	小树 Small tree	0.0000	0.0102	0.0602	0.0000	0.0000
	亚成树 Subadult tree	0.0000	0.0000	0.0102	0.0629	0.0000
	成树 Adult tree	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0102	0.5958

生境片断化对濒危植物景东翅子树种群结构与动态的影响

Effects of habitat fragmentation on population structure and dynamics of the endangered plant Pterospermum kingtungense

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