格氏栲天然林林窗植物物种多样性与系统发育多样性

doi:10.17520/biods.2020399

生物多样性 ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (4): 439-448. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2020399

所属专题：物种形成与系统进化

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

格氏栲天然林林窗植物物种多样性与系统发育多样性

陈博¹^,²^,³, 江蓝¹^,²^,³, 谢子扬¹^,²^,³, 李阳娣¹, 李佳萱¹, 李梦佳¹^,²^,³, 魏晨思¹^,²^,³, 邢聪¹^,²^,³, 刘金福¹^,²^,³, 何中声¹^,²^,³^,^*()

1 福建农林大学林学院, 福州 350002
2 福建农林大学海峡自然保护区研究中心, 福州 350002
3 生态与资源统计福建省高校重点实验室, 福州 350002

收稿日期:2020-10-13 接受日期:2021-02-07 出版日期:2021-04-20 发布日期:2021-04-20
通讯作者: 何中声
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31700550);国家自然科学基金(31770678);福建省自然科学基金(2019J01367);福建省林业科技推广项目(2018TG14-2);福建农林大学科技创新基金(CXZX2018125)

Taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of plants in a Castanopsis kawakamiinatural forest

Bo Chen¹^,²^,³, Lan Jiang¹^,²^,³, Ziyang Xie¹^,²^,³, Yangdi Li¹, Jiaxuan Li¹, Mengjia Li¹^,²^,³, Chensi Wei¹^,²^,³, Cong Xing¹^,²^,³, Jinfu Liu¹^,²^,³, Zhongsheng He¹^,²^,³^,^*()

1 College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002
2 Cross-Strait Nature Reserve Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002
3 Key Laboratory of Fujian Universities for Ecology and Resource Statistics, Fuzhou 350002

Received:2020-10-13 Accepted:2021-02-07 Online:2021-04-20 Published:2021-04-20
Contact: Zhongsheng He
About author:* E-mail: jxhzs85@126.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

林窗环境异质性导致群落物种多样性与系统发育多样性(phylogenetic diversity, PD)存在差异, 研究不同大小的林窗中群落的物种多样性与系统发育多样性有助于揭示林下生物多样性的形成及维持机制。本文以格氏栲(Castanopsis kawakamii)天然林为研究对象, 通过Pearson相关性分析与广义线性模型探讨了林窗内物种多样性与系统发育多样性间的相互关系及其环境影响因素。结果表明: (1)大林窗(面积 > 200 m²)植物种类及多度均高于中林窗(50 m² ≤ 面积 < 100 m²)、小林窗(30 m² ≤ 面积 < 50 m²)和非林窗(面积 = 100 m²)。大林窗群落系统发育结构趋于发散, 中、小林窗和非林窗群落系统发育结构受到生境过滤和竞争排斥综合作用。(2)群落系统发育多样性指数与物种丰富度(species richness, SR)、Margalef丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener指数均呈显著正相关, 这与林窗内稀有种种类组成多于优势种有关。(3)林窗面积对物种多样性存在显著正效应; 土壤全氮含量对系统发育多样性和系统发育结构存在显著正效应。林窗形成提高了格氏栲天然林群落物种多样性和系统发育多样性, 林窗面积与土壤全氮共同驱动了格氏栲天然林林窗物种多样性和系统发育多样性的变化。

关键词: 格氏栲, 林窗, 物种多样性, 系统发育多样性, 环境因素

Abstract

Aims: Environmental heterogeneity of forest gaps leads to variation in taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of trees in these areas. Studying tree diversity in different sizes of forest gap communities can help to reveal the mechanisms that drive the formation and maintenance of biodiversity. This study took Castanopsis kawakamiigaps as the research object, and aimed to reveal the relationship between the taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of plants and its environmental influence factors.

Methods: We examined different sizes of forest gaps in a Castanopsis kawakamii natural forest as to study the taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of plants, and used a generalized linear model (GLM) to explore the environmental factors driving the community assembly.

Results: We found that the plant species and plant abundance in large gaps (> 200 m²) were higher than those of medium gaps ([50 m², 100 m²)), small gaps ([30 m², 50 m²)) and non-gaps (100 m²). The phylogenetic community structure of the large gaps tends to diverge, while that of the medium gaps, small gaps and non-gaps were affected by the combined effect of habitat filtering and competitive exclusion. The phylogenetic community diversity index (PD) was significantly positively correlated with species richness (SR), Margalef index and Shannon-Wiener index, which is related to the higher species composition of sparse species than dense species in forest gaps. Overall, forest gap size had a significantly positive effect on species diversity, and the soil total nitrogen content had a significantly positive effect on community phylogenetic diversity and phylogenetic structure.

Conclusion: The formation of forest gaps increase the taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of trees in natural forests, with gap size and soil total nitrogen jointly driving tree diversity in these natural forest gaps.

Key words: Castanopsis kawakamii, forest gap, tree taxonomic diversity, phylogenetic diversity, environment factors

陈博, 江蓝, 谢子扬, 李阳娣, 李佳萱, 李梦佳, 魏晨思, 邢聪, 刘金福, 何中声 (2021) 格氏栲天然林林窗植物物种多样性与系统发育多样性. 生物多样性, 29, 439-448. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2020399.

Bo Chen, Lan Jiang, Ziyang Xie, Yangdi Li, Jiaxuan Li, Mengjia Li, Chensi Wei, Cong Xing, Jinfu Liu, Zhongsheng He (2021) Taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of plants in a Castanopsis kawakamiinatural forest. Biodiversity Science, 29, 439-448. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2020399.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2020399

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2021/V29/I4/439

图/表 4

表1 格氏栲天然林不同大小林窗和非林窗环境因子指标

Table 1 Index of environmental factors of different forest gaps and non-gaps in Castanopsis kawakamiinatual forest

	大林窗 Large gap	中林窗 Middle gap	小林窗 Small gap	非林窗 Non-gap
面积 Area (m²)	206.17 ± 4.26^a	73.16 ± 1.82^b	33.49 ± 2.33^b	100 ± 0.00^ab
海拔 Elevation (m)	216.33 ± 5.56^ab	199.33 ± 10.87^b	214.00 ± 8.98^ab	221.17 ± 0.17^a
坡度 Slope (°)	27.33 ± 3.86^ab	29.33 ± 1.25^a	17.67 ± 7.41^bc	13.23 ± 0.09^c
坡位 Slope position	2.33 ± 0.47^a	1.67 ± 0.94^a	2.00 ± 0.82^a	1.00 ± 0.01^a
土壤含水量 Soil water content (g/kg)	302.77 ± 32.7^a	280.72 ± 9.39^a	277.90 ± 11.90^a	269.56 ± 8.86^a
土壤全碳含量 Soil total C content (g/kg)	17.49 ± 3.71^a	19.19 ± 3.69^a	21.49 ± 5.34^a	23.79 ± 0.48^a
土壤全氮含量 Soil total N content (g/kg)	0.99 ± 0.07^a	1.05 ± 0.21^a	1.39 ± 0.5^a	1.48 ± 0.04^a
土壤全磷含量 Soil total P content (g/kg)	0.62 ± 0.39^a	0.67 ± 0.17^a	0.38 ± 0.08^a	0.18 ± 0.01^a
土壤全钾含量 Soil total K content (mg/L)	30.9 ± 0.62^a	22.3 ± 4.97^b	21.5 ± 0.67^b	27.17 ± 0.82^ab
pH值 pH value	3.49 ± 0.05^a	3.39 ± 0.04^a	3.52 ± 0.12^a	3.41 ± 0.02^a
水解氮 Hydrolyzed nitrogen (mg/kg)	124.45 ± 8.00^a	128.01 ± 31.19^a	111.01 ± 9.02^a	136.41 ± 3.01^a
碳氮比 C/N	17.43 ± 2.71^a	18.08 ± 1.08^a	16.66 ± 1.66^a	16.55 ± 0.83^a
有效磷含量 Available P content (mg/kg)	5.26 ± 2.70^ab	11.31 ± 8.95^ab	19.57 ± 1.84^a	3.87 ± 0.20^b
年均空气温度 Annual air temperature (℃)	25.15 ± 0.53^a	25.20 ± 0.07^a	24.91 ± 0.24^a	24.27 ± 0.48^a
年均空气湿度 Annual air humidity (%)	90.08 ± 1.22^a	85.34 ± 7.14^a	90.14 ± 2.49^a	91.75 ± 0.81^a
年均土壤温度 Annual soil temperature (℃)	24.38 ± 1.11^a	24.25 ± 0.35^a	23.40 ± 0.49^a	23.01 ± 0.47^a

表1 格氏栲天然林不同大小林窗和非林窗环境因子指标

Table 1 Index of environmental factors of different forest gaps and non-gaps in Castanopsis kawakamiinatual forest

	大林窗 Large gap	中林窗 Middle gap	小林窗 Small gap	非林窗 Non-gap
面积 Area (m²)	206.17 ± 4.26^a	73.16 ± 1.82^b	33.49 ± 2.33^b	100 ± 0.00^ab
海拔 Elevation (m)	216.33 ± 5.56^ab	199.33 ± 10.87^b	214.00 ± 8.98^ab	221.17 ± 0.17^a
坡度 Slope (°)	27.33 ± 3.86^ab	29.33 ± 1.25^a	17.67 ± 7.41^bc	13.23 ± 0.09^c
坡位 Slope position	2.33 ± 0.47^a	1.67 ± 0.94^a	2.00 ± 0.82^a	1.00 ± 0.01^a
土壤含水量 Soil water content (g/kg)	302.77 ± 32.7^a	280.72 ± 9.39^a	277.90 ± 11.90^a	269.56 ± 8.86^a
土壤全碳含量 Soil total C content (g/kg)	17.49 ± 3.71^a	19.19 ± 3.69^a	21.49 ± 5.34^a	23.79 ± 0.48^a
土壤全氮含量 Soil total N content (g/kg)	0.99 ± 0.07^a	1.05 ± 0.21^a	1.39 ± 0.5^a	1.48 ± 0.04^a
土壤全磷含量 Soil total P content (g/kg)	0.62 ± 0.39^a	0.67 ± 0.17^a	0.38 ± 0.08^a	0.18 ± 0.01^a
土壤全钾含量 Soil total K content (mg/L)	30.9 ± 0.62^a	22.3 ± 4.97^b	21.5 ± 0.67^b	27.17 ± 0.82^ab
pH值 pH value	3.49 ± 0.05^a	3.39 ± 0.04^a	3.52 ± 0.12^a	3.41 ± 0.02^a
水解氮 Hydrolyzed nitrogen (mg/kg)	124.45 ± 8.00^a	128.01 ± 31.19^a	111.01 ± 9.02^a	136.41 ± 3.01^a
碳氮比 C/N	17.43 ± 2.71^a	18.08 ± 1.08^a	16.66 ± 1.66^a	16.55 ± 0.83^a
有效磷含量 Available P content (mg/kg)	5.26 ± 2.70^ab	11.31 ± 8.95^ab	19.57 ± 1.84^a	3.87 ± 0.20^b
年均空气温度 Annual air temperature (℃)	25.15 ± 0.53^a	25.20 ± 0.07^a	24.91 ± 0.24^a	24.27 ± 0.48^a
年均空气湿度 Annual air humidity (%)	90.08 ± 1.22^a	85.34 ± 7.14^a	90.14 ± 2.49^a	91.75 ± 0.81^a
年均土壤温度 Annual soil temperature (℃)	24.38 ± 1.11^a	24.25 ± 0.35^a	23.40 ± 0.49^a	23.01 ± 0.47^a

表2 格氏栲天然林不同大小林窗群落系统发育多样性与物种多样性

Table 2 Phylogenetic diversity (PD) and plants taxonomic diversity of different forest gaps in Castanopsis kawakamiinature forest

	指数 Index	大林窗 Large gap	中林窗 Middle gap	小林窗 Small gap	非林窗 Non-gap
系统发育多样性 Phylogenetic diversity	SES.PD	995.37 ± 173.75^a	904.14 ± 0.82^b	901.02 ± 89.64^b	638.09 ± 74.88^b
	NRI	?0.231 ± 0.213^a	?0.051 ± 0.327^a	?0.283 ± 0.598^a	?0.502 ± 0.380^a
	NTI	?0.261 ± 0.487^a	0.577 ± 0.546^a	1.391 ± 0.977^a	0.473 ± 0.769^a
物种多样性 Species diversity	Margalef	2.72 ± 0.44^a	2.69 ± 0.17^b	2.24 ± 0.42^b	1.98 ± 0.36^b
	Simpson	0.59 ± 0.01^a	0.58 ± 0.01^a	0.48 ± 0.02^a	0.45 ± 0.01^a
	Shannon-Wiener	1.48 ± 0.23^a	1.59 ± 0.05^b	1.33 ± 0.12^b	1.27 ± 0.08^b
	物种丰富度 Species richness	11.33 ± 2.28^a	9.01 ± 2.24^ab	8.51 ± 2.37^b	6.67 ± 0.62^b
	Pielou均匀度 Pielou evenness	0.43 ± 0.08^a	0.53 ± 0.02^a	0.46 ± 0.01^a	0.45 ± 0.01^a

图1 格氏栲天然林群落物种多样性指数与系统发育指数之间的相关分析。红色表示正相关, 蓝色表示负相关。颜色越深, 圆形越大, 表示相关性越强。SES.PD: 标准化系统发育多样性; SR: 物种丰富度; NRI: 净谱系亲缘关系指数; NTI: 净最近种间亲缘关系指数; S-W: Shannon-Wiener指数; *: P < 0.05; **: P < 0.01; ***: P < 0.001。

Fig. 1 Pearson correlation between plants taxonomic and phylogenetic indices of Castanopsis kawakamii forest communities. Red and blue indicated positive and negative correlation, respectively. The darker color and larger circle indicated a stronger correlation. SES.PD, standardization phylogenetic diversity; SR, Species richness;NRI, Net relatedness index;NTI, Net nearest taxa index; S-W, Shannon-Wiener index; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.

图2 环境因子对系统发育多样性、系统发育结构和物种多样性指数的影响。线条表示95%置信区间, 红点表示显著正效应(P < 0.05), 灰点表示显著负效应(P < 0.05), 蓝点表示不显著影响。SES.PD: 标准化系统发育多样性; SR: 物种丰富度; NRI: 净谱系亲缘关系指数; NTI: 净最近种间亲缘关系指数; S-W: Shannon-Wiener指数; SIZE: 面积; ELE: 海拔; TC: 全碳; TN: 全氮; TP: 全磷; AP: 有效磷; TK: 全钾; SWC: 土壤含水量; HN: 水解氮: SPO: 坡位; SLOP: 坡度。

Fig. 2 The relative effects of environmental factors on phylogenetic diversity, phylogenetic structure and plants taxonomic index. The lines represent 95% confidence intervals; the red dots represent significant positive effects (P< 0.05), and the gray dots represent significant negative effects (P< 0.05), the blue dots show an insignificant effect. SES.PD, Standardization phylogenetic diversity; SR, Species richness;NRI, Net relatedness index;NTI, Net nearest taxa index; S-W, Shannon-Wiener index; SIZE, Area; ELE, Elevation; TC, Total carbon; TN, Total nitrogen; TP, Total phosphorus; AP, Available phosphorus; TK, Total potassium; SWC, Soil water content; HN, Hydrolyzed nitrogen; SPO, Slope position; SLOP, Slope.

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格氏栲天然林林窗植物物种多样性与系统发育多样性

Taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of plants in a Castanopsis kawakamiinatural forest

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