生物多样性 ›› 2019, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (7): 787-795. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019098
收稿日期:
2019-03-24
接受日期:
2019-05-24
出版日期:
2019-07-20
发布日期:
2019-08-20
通讯作者:
俞存根
基金资助:
Sun Beibei,Yu Cungen(),Liu Hui,Yan Wenchao,Zhang Wenjun,Dai Dongxu
Received:
2019-03-24
Accepted:
2019-05-24
Online:
2019-07-20
Published:
2019-08-20
Contact:
Yu Cungen
摘要:
本文根据2017年11月和2018年5月对南麂列岛国家海洋自然保护区东侧海域进行渔业资源定点底拖网调查所获得的虾蟹类数据, 对调查海域的虾蟹类群落结构及多样性进行了研究。结果表明: (1)共鉴定出调查海域的虾蟹类30种, 其中虾类16种, 隶属于1目6科12属, 蟹类14种, 隶属于1目5科6属; (2)秋季虾蟹类物种数高于春季, 且春秋季物种数在整个调查海域大致呈现由北向南逐渐增多的趋势; (3)春季优势种依次为: 三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)、双斑蟳(Charybdis bimaculata)、日本鼓虾(Alpheus juponicus)、细巧仿对虾(Parapenaeopsis tenella)和日本蟳(Charybdis japonica), 秋季优势种均为蟹类, 依次为三疣梭子蟹、双斑蟳和日本蟳; (4)虾蟹类Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')和Pielou均匀度指数(J')是春季大于秋季, 丰富度指数(D)则是秋季远高于春季; (5)根据聚类分析(CLUSTER)与非度量多维标度排序(non-metric multidimensional scaling, nMDS)分析, 可将虾蟹类划分为3个群落; (6)丰度/生物量曲线(abundance-biomass comparison curve, ABC曲线)显示, 南麂列岛调查海域的虾蟹类群落处于稳定未受干扰的状态。
孙蓓蓓, 俞存根, 刘惠, 颜文超, 张文俊, 戴冬旭 (2019) 南麂列岛东侧海域春秋季虾蟹类生物多样性. 生物多样性, 27, 787-795. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019098.
Sun Beibei, Yu Cungen, Liu Hui, Yan Wenchao, Zhang Wenjun, Dai Dongxu (2019) Spring and autumn shrimp and crab biodiversity in the east Nanji Islands. Biodiversity Science, 27, 787-795. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019098.
种名 Species | 春季 Spring | 秋季 Autumn | 种名 Species | 春季 Spring | 秋季 Autumn |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
凡纳滨对虾 Litopenaeus vannamei | √ | 巨指长臂虾 Palaemon macrodactylus | √ | ||
周氏新对虾 Metapenaeus joyneri | √ | 绒毛细足蟹 Raphidopus ciliatus | √ | √ | |
刀额新对虾 Metapenaeus ensis | √ | 阿氏强蟹 Eucrata alcocki | √ | ||
细巧仿对虾 Parapenaeopsis tenella | √ | √ | 隆线强蟹 Eucrate crenata | √ | √ |
哈氏仿对虾 Parapenaeopsis hardwickii | √ | √ | 三疣梭子蟹 Portunus trituberculatus | √ | √ |
斑节对虾 Penaeus monodon | √ | 红星梭子蟹 Portunus sanguinolentus | √ | ||
鹰爪虾 Trachypenaeus curvirostris | √ | 矛形梭子蟹 Portunus hastatoides | √ | √ | |
中华管鞭虾 Solenocera crassicornis | √ | √ | 银光梭子蟹 Portunus argentatus | √ | |
中国毛虾 Acetes chinensis | √ | 纤手梭子蟹 Portunus gracilimanus | √ | ||
鲜明鼓虾 Alpheus distinguendus | √ | √ | 日本蟳 Charybdis japonica | √ | √ |
日本鼓虾 Alpheus juponicus | √ | √ | 锈斑蟳 Charybdis feriatus | √ | |
长额拟鞭腕虾 Exhippolysmata ensirostris | √ | 变态鲟 Charybdis variegata | √ | ||
红条鞭腕虾 Lysmata vittata | √ | √ | 双斑蟳 Charybdis bimaculata | √ | √ |
脊尾白虾 Exopalaemon carinicauda | √ | 肉球近方蟹 Hemigrapsus sanguineus | √ | ||
葛氏长臂虾 Palaemon gravieri | √ | √ | 豆形短眼蟹 Xenophthalmus pinnotheroides | √ |
表1 南麂列岛东侧调查海域拖网调查渔获物虾蟹类种类名录
Table 1 Species list of shrimp and crab in the survey area of east Nanji Islands
种名 Species | 春季 Spring | 秋季 Autumn | 种名 Species | 春季 Spring | 秋季 Autumn |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
凡纳滨对虾 Litopenaeus vannamei | √ | 巨指长臂虾 Palaemon macrodactylus | √ | ||
周氏新对虾 Metapenaeus joyneri | √ | 绒毛细足蟹 Raphidopus ciliatus | √ | √ | |
刀额新对虾 Metapenaeus ensis | √ | 阿氏强蟹 Eucrata alcocki | √ | ||
细巧仿对虾 Parapenaeopsis tenella | √ | √ | 隆线强蟹 Eucrate crenata | √ | √ |
哈氏仿对虾 Parapenaeopsis hardwickii | √ | √ | 三疣梭子蟹 Portunus trituberculatus | √ | √ |
斑节对虾 Penaeus monodon | √ | 红星梭子蟹 Portunus sanguinolentus | √ | ||
鹰爪虾 Trachypenaeus curvirostris | √ | 矛形梭子蟹 Portunus hastatoides | √ | √ | |
中华管鞭虾 Solenocera crassicornis | √ | √ | 银光梭子蟹 Portunus argentatus | √ | |
中国毛虾 Acetes chinensis | √ | 纤手梭子蟹 Portunus gracilimanus | √ | ||
鲜明鼓虾 Alpheus distinguendus | √ | √ | 日本蟳 Charybdis japonica | √ | √ |
日本鼓虾 Alpheus juponicus | √ | √ | 锈斑蟳 Charybdis feriatus | √ | |
长额拟鞭腕虾 Exhippolysmata ensirostris | √ | 变态鲟 Charybdis variegata | √ | ||
红条鞭腕虾 Lysmata vittata | √ | √ | 双斑蟳 Charybdis bimaculata | √ | √ |
脊尾白虾 Exopalaemon carinicauda | √ | 肉球近方蟹 Hemigrapsus sanguineus | √ | ||
葛氏长臂虾 Palaemon gravieri | √ | √ | 豆形短眼蟹 Xenophthalmus pinnotheroides | √ |
种名 Species | 春季 Spring | 秋季 Autumn |
---|---|---|
葛氏长臂虾 Palaemon gravieri | 227.9 | 981 |
哈氏仿对虾 Parapenaeopsis hardwickii | 35.3 | 388.7 |
细巧仿对虾 Parapenaeopsis tenella | 1,215.6 | 297.9 |
日本鼓虾 Alpheus juponicus | 1,360.9 | 107.3 |
中国毛虾 Acetes chinensis | - | 125.1 |
中华管鞭虾 Solenocera crassicornis | 66.5 | 678.4 |
周氏新对虾 Metapenaeus joyneri | - | 195.9 |
隆线强蟹 Eucrate crenata | 592.8 | 161.4 |
日本蟳 Charybdis japonica | 1,133.7 | 1,156 |
三疣梭子蟹 Portunus trituberculatus | 4,532.8 | 1,2198.3 |
双斑蟳 Charybdis bimaculata | 2,012.1 | 2,652.4 |
表2 南麂列岛东侧调查海域主要虾蟹类相对重要性指数(IRI)的季节变化
Table 2 The seasonal variation of main shrimp and crab species index of relative importance in the survey area of east Nanji Islands
种名 Species | 春季 Spring | 秋季 Autumn |
---|---|---|
葛氏长臂虾 Palaemon gravieri | 227.9 | 981 |
哈氏仿对虾 Parapenaeopsis hardwickii | 35.3 | 388.7 |
细巧仿对虾 Parapenaeopsis tenella | 1,215.6 | 297.9 |
日本鼓虾 Alpheus juponicus | 1,360.9 | 107.3 |
中国毛虾 Acetes chinensis | - | 125.1 |
中华管鞭虾 Solenocera crassicornis | 66.5 | 678.4 |
周氏新对虾 Metapenaeus joyneri | - | 195.9 |
隆线强蟹 Eucrate crenata | 592.8 | 161.4 |
日本蟳 Charybdis japonica | 1,133.7 | 1,156 |
三疣梭子蟹 Portunus trituberculatus | 4,532.8 | 1,2198.3 |
双斑蟳 Charybdis bimaculata | 2,012.1 | 2,652.4 |
季节 Season | 丰富度指数 Margalef richness index | 多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index | 均匀度指数 Pielou’s evenness index | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Xˉ ± SD | Maximum | Minimum | Xˉ ± SD | Maximum | Minimum | Xˉ ± SD | Maximum | Minimum | |
春季 Spring | 0.87 ± 0.32 | 1.30 | 0 | 1.11 ± 0.73 | 2.22 | 0 | 0.59 ± 0.21 | 0.87 | 0 |
秋季 Autumn | 1.49 ± 0.24 | 1.80 | 0.94 | 1.06 ± 0.32 | 1.66 | 0.67 | 0.27 ± 0.07 | 0.39 | 0.16 |
表3 南麂列岛东侧调查海域春秋季虾蟹类的生物多样性指数(平均值 ± SD)
Table 3 Biodiversity indices of shrimp and crab species in the two seasons in the survey area of east Nanji Islands (mean ± SD)
季节 Season | 丰富度指数 Margalef richness index | 多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index | 均匀度指数 Pielou’s evenness index | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Xˉ ± SD | Maximum | Minimum | Xˉ ± SD | Maximum | Minimum | Xˉ ± SD | Maximum | Minimum | |
春季 Spring | 0.87 ± 0.32 | 1.30 | 0 | 1.11 ± 0.73 | 2.22 | 0 | 0.59 ± 0.21 | 0.87 | 0 |
秋季 Autumn | 1.49 ± 0.24 | 1.80 | 0.94 | 1.06 ± 0.32 | 1.66 | 0.67 | 0.27 ± 0.07 | 0.39 | 0.16 |
图2 春秋季不同站位虾蟹类群落的Bray-Curtis聚类图和非度量多维标度排序(nMDS)
Fig. 2 The seasonal variation of Bray-Curtis cluster and non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) analysis of shrimp and crab species
图3 南麂列岛东侧调查海域虾蟹类丰度/生物量曲线(ABC曲线)
Fig. 3 The abundance-biomass comparison curves (ABC curves) of shrimp and crab species in the survey area of east Nanji Islands
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