生物多样性 ›› 2018, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (8): 905-917.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018049

• 综述 • 上一篇    

无人机和地面相结合的自然保护地生物多样性监测技术与实践

刘方正1,2, 杜金鸿1,2, 周越1,2, 黄志旁3, 李延鹏3, 王伟1,2,*(), 肖文3   

  1. 1 中国环境科学研究院, 北京 100012
    2 国家环境保护区域生态过程与功能评估重点实验室, 北京 100012
    3 大理大学东喜玛拉雅研究院, 云南大理 671003
  • 收稿日期:2018-02-09 接受日期:2018-07-10 出版日期:2018-08-20 发布日期:2018-09-27
  • 通讯作者: 王伟
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0503304)

Monitoring technology and practice on protected area biodiversity by integrating unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and ground approaches

Liu Fangzheng1,2, Du Jinhong1,2, Zhou Yue1,2, Huang Zhipang3, Li Yanpeng3, Wang Wei1,2,*(), Xiao Wen3   

  1. 1 Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012
    2 National Environment Protection Library of Regional Ecosystem Structure and Services Evaluation, Beijing 100012
    3 Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali, Yunnan 671003
  • Received:2018-02-09 Accepted:2018-07-10 Online:2018-08-20 Published:2018-09-27
  • Contact: Wang Wei

摘要:

无人机技术的运用为自然保护地生物多样性监测与研究带来了新的机遇和变革。然而, 对自然保护地主要保护对象的关注不足, 导致了无人机和地面相结合的监测技术尚未形成。为更好地发挥多种调查监测技术的各自优势, 为自然保护地生物多样性管护和监测提供支撑, 我们总结了国内外已开展的无人机和地面相结合的监测工作进展, 梳理了我国不同类型自然保护地生物多样性保护管理和监测的需求。总的来看, 不同类型自然保护地的主要保护对象围绕在生态系统、物种、遗址遗迹等或由上述要素构成的景观资源上; 管理目标定位则集中在保护、恢复、科研、宣教、游憩和可持续发展等方面。基于上述需求, 我们归纳提出了包括图像识别与分类解译、数据反演与格局分析、数字建模与地表测量、巡护巡检4个类别共计14个专题的无人机和地面相结合的监测技术方案, 明确了监测时期与频次、监测指标、监测技术的结合途径以及数据后处理方法等。同时, 我们在三江并流世界遗产地云岭片区内选择植物识别、植被长势、景观格局、地表测量以及执法检查等技术专题开展了应用试验。在技术方案取得良好验证结果的同时, 实现了对自然保护地生物多样性保护和管理的技术支撑, 为未来自然保护地精细化管理提供了技术储备。

关键词: 自然保护地, 生物多样性, 无人机, 调查监测, 一体化

Abstract

The application of UAV technology brings new opportunities and revolutions to the monitoring and research on biodiversity in protected area. However, we find that no monitoring technology solutions combining UAV and ground approaches have been formed yet, due to the lack of concerns on protected objects. Considering to better perform various monitoring technology strengths and to effectively support management and monitoring in protected area, we review study cases on UAV and ground investigation domestic and overseas firstly, and then compare the demands from conservation, management and monitoring of all kinds protected area in China. In general, the ecosystems, species, site relics and landscape are regarded as protected objects in all kinds of protected area. Meanwhile, conservation, recovering, study, education, recreation, and sustainable development become the management goals. Based on the demands mentioned above, we present an integrated technology solution which composed of four categories and 14 subjects for UAV and ground to monitor biodiversity coherently. This solution includes image recognition and classification, data inversion and pattern analysis, digital modeling and surface measuring, patrolling and inspection. In addition, monitoring time and frequency, index, integration approach, data postprocessing can be acquired in the solution. Furthermore, monitoring subjects were chosen to apply and test in the Three Parallel Rivers World Heritage, such as plant identification, vegetation growth, landscape pattern, surface measuring, and law enforcement. While achieving good results on the solution verification, we hope that this monitoring solution will do significant help to improve the protected area biodiversity conservation and management level, also be part of technological storage in assessment and supervision.

Key words: protected area, biodiversity, UAV, investigation and monitoring, integrating