无人机和地面相结合的自然保护地生物多样性监测技术与实践

doi:10.17520/biods.2018049

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

无人机技术的运用为自然保护地生物多样性监测与研究带来了新的机遇和变革。然而, 对自然保护地主要保护对象的关注不足, 导致了无人机和地面相结合的监测技术尚未形成。为更好地发挥多种调查监测技术的各自优势, 为自然保护地生物多样性管护和监测提供支撑, 我们总结了国内外已开展的无人机和地面相结合的监测工作进展, 梳理了我国不同类型自然保护地生物多样性保护管理和监测的需求。总的来看, 不同类型自然保护地的主要保护对象围绕在生态系统、物种、遗址遗迹等或由上述要素构成的景观资源上; 管理目标定位则集中在保护、恢复、科研、宣教、游憩和可持续发展等方面。基于上述需求, 我们归纳提出了包括图像识别与分类解译、数据反演与格局分析、数字建模与地表测量、巡护巡检4个类别共计14个专题的无人机和地面相结合的监测技术方案, 明确了监测时期与频次、监测指标、监测技术的结合途径以及数据后处理方法等。同时, 我们在三江并流世界遗产地云岭片区内选择植物识别、植被长势、景观格局、地表测量以及执法检查等技术专题开展了应用试验。在技术方案取得良好验证结果的同时, 实现了对自然保护地生物多样性保护和管理的技术支撑, 为未来自然保护地精细化管理提供了技术储备。

关键词: 自然保护地, 生物多样性, 无人机, 调查监测, 一体化

Abstract

The application of UAV technology brings new opportunities and revolutions to the monitoring and research on biodiversity in protected area. However, we find that no monitoring technology solutions combining UAV and ground approaches have been formed yet, due to the lack of concerns on protected objects. Considering to better perform various monitoring technology strengths and to effectively support management and monitoring in protected area, we review study cases on UAV and ground investigation domestic and overseas firstly, and then compare the demands from conservation, management and monitoring of all kinds protected area in China. In general, the ecosystems, species, site relics and landscape are regarded as protected objects in all kinds of protected area. Meanwhile, conservation, recovering, study, education, recreation, and sustainable development become the management goals. Based on the demands mentioned above, we present an integrated technology solution which composed of four categories and 14 subjects for UAV and ground to monitor biodiversity coherently. This solution includes image recognition and classification, data inversion and pattern analysis, digital modeling and surface measuring, patrolling and inspection. In addition, monitoring time and frequency, index, integration approach, data postprocessing can be acquired in the solution. Furthermore, monitoring subjects were chosen to apply and test in the Three Parallel Rivers World Heritage, such as plant identification, vegetation growth, landscape pattern, surface measuring, and law enforcement. While achieving good results on the solution verification, we hope that this monitoring solution will do significant help to improve the protected area biodiversity conservation and management level, also be part of technological storage in assessment and supervision.

Key words: protected area, biodiversity, UAV, investigation and monitoring, integrating

刘方正, 杜金鸿, 周越, 黄志旁, 李延鹏, 王伟, 肖文 (2018) 无人机和地面相结合的自然保护地生物多样性监测技术与实践. 生物多样性, 26, 905-917. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018049.

Liu Fangzheng, Du Jinhong, Zhou Yue, Huang Zhipang, Li Yanpeng, Wang Wei, Xiao Wen (2018) Monitoring technology and practice on protected area biodiversity by integrating unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and ground approaches. Biodiversity Science, 26, 905-917. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018049.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2018049

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2018/V26/I8/905

图/表 3

表1 不同类型自然保护地生物多样性检测需求

Table 1 Biodiversity monitoring demands of different protected area types

表2 无人机和地面相结合的自然保护地生物多样性检测技术方案

Table 2 The technology solution for protected area biodiversity monitoring by integrating unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) and ground approaches

图1 无人机和地面相结合的监测技术方案在三江并流世界遗产地中的应用

Fig. 1 The technology solution by integrating unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and ground approaches was applicated in the Three Parallel Rivers World Heritage

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