球状绿藻的隐性生物多样性及其分类学进展

doi:10.17520/biods.2014252

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

球状绿藻主要指绿藻门中多为单细胞, 形状为球形、近球形, 或由球形衍生出来的其他形状的藻类。球状绿藻分布广泛, 遍布全球, 生活于淡水、海水和亚气生等生境中, 其相似的简单形态下隐藏着复杂的物种多样性。球状绿藻分类学上主要位于绿藻门的两纲四目及其一些独立支系的类群。球状绿藻分类学正由传统的基于形态特征向基于分子信息的复合分类方法转变。球状绿藻隐性的物种多样性涉及约40属, 其中15属是依据新标本材料而建立的新属, 12个属是依据新证据建立的新组合。本文重点介绍了1998年以后在共球藻纲和绿藻纲中新发现和命名的单细胞球状绿藻, 介绍了它们的形态特征、分类学迁移及理由, 特别对常见的小球藻属和栅藻属的分类学概念变迁作了详细介绍, 对一些尚没有中文名的拉丁学名给出了中文命名。另外, 本文讨论了基于DNA的分类学方法在球状绿藻分类学中的应用, 目前系统发育位置的不同已经成为球状绿藻分类的主要依据。目前球状绿藻分类面临的问题是大多分类位置未用分子系统发育方法的验证。未来, 球状绿藻分类学家应用系统发育研究结合形态学研究探索单细胞球状绿藻的生物多样性。

关键词: 球状绿藻, 系统发育, 共球藻纲, 绿藻纲, 生物多样性, 分类学

Abstract

Coccoid green algae primarily refers to algae that are solitary living organisms spherical or ellipsoid in shape. It is widely distributed around the world living in freshwater, seawater and subaerial habitats. The similarity in shape of these organisms hides a huge cryptic biodiversity. Coccoid green algae phylogeny belongs primarily to four orders and some incertae sedis taxa of two classes. This paper reports the changes in taxonomic study methods of coccoid green algae and the resulting cryptic biodiversity that has been discovered. A total of 15 new genera (now totaling 40 genera for coccoid green algae) and 12 new combinations were discovered from collected specimens. This paper focuses on the discovery and renaming of coccoid green algae in Trebouxiophyceae and Chlorophyceae after 1998. We present the diagnostic features, phylogenic changes and reasons for the discoveries and remaining. The changes in the genera of Chlorella and Scenedesmus are presented in details. We also discuss the application of DNA-based methods in taxonomic identification of coccoid green algae and how differences in phylogenetic position have become the main basis for taxonomic identifaction. Finally, we address the problems in phylogenic studies of coccoid green algae by which taxonomic location based on the morphological features have not yet been validated by phylogenetic methods. In the future, algae taxonomists should combine phylogenetic methods with morphological methods to explore the cryptic biodiversity of coccoid green algae.

Key words: coccoid green algae, phylogeny, Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyceae, biodiversity, taxonomy

宋会银, 张琪, 胡愈炘, 刘国祥, 胡征宇 (2015) 球状绿藻的隐性生物多样性及其分类学进展. 生物多样性, 23, 383-397. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2014252.

Huiyin Song, Qi Zhang, Yuxin Hu, Guoxiang Liu, Zhengyu Hu (2015) Cryptic biodiversity of coccoid green algae and progress in the phylogenic studies. Biodiversity Science, 23, 383-397. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2014252.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2014252

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2015/V23/I3/383

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绿藻门Chlorophyta
绿藻纲 Chlorophyceae	共球藻纲 Trebouxiophyceae
衣藻目／团藻目 Chlamydomonadales*	共球藻目 Trebouxiales*
环藻目 Sphaeropleales*	渡边球藻分支 Watanabea clade*
鞘藻目 Oedogoniales	溪菜目 Prasiolales
楯毛藻目 Chaetopeltidales	小球藻目Chlorellales*
胶毛藻目 Chaetophorales	绿囊球藻/葡萄藻分支Choricystis/Botryococcus clade*
分类位置未确定的类群Incertae sedis*	分类位置未确定的类群Incertae sedis*

绿藻门Chlorophyta
绿藻纲 Chlorophyceae	共球藻纲 Trebouxiophyceae
衣藻目／团藻目 Chlamydomonadales*	共球藻目 Trebouxiales*
环藻目 Sphaeropleales*	渡边球藻分支 Watanabea clade*
鞘藻目 Oedogoniales	溪菜目 Prasiolales
楯毛藻目 Chaetopeltidales	小球藻目Chlorellales*
胶毛藻目 Chaetophorales	绿囊球藻/葡萄藻分支Choricystis/Botryococcus clade*
分类位置未确定的类群Incertae sedis*	分类位置未确定的类群Incertae sedis*

属名
Chloroidium Nadson, 1906 (Darienko等(2010)重新提出)	新证据(从小球藻属独立)	基于形态、生殖、生态生理和SSU、ITS系统发育研究
Parachloroidium Neustupa, 2013	新标本	基于SSU、ITS和rbcL序列的系统发育研究
Kalinella Neustupa et al., 2009	新标本	基于SSU和rbcL序列系统发育研究结合形态观察
Heterochlorella Neustupa et al., 2009	新证据(从小球藻属独立)	基于SSU系统发育研究
Heveochlorella Zhang et al., 2008	新证据(从小球藻属独立)	基于SSU和16S rDNA序列系统发育研究结合形态观察
Watanabea Hanagata et al., 1998	新标本	基于形态特征
Desertella Fucikova et al., 2014	新标本	基于SSU 和rbcL序列系统发育研究
Meyerella Fawley et al., 2005	新标本	基于SSU、ITS和rbcL序列的系统发育研究
Hegewaldia Proschold et al., 2010	新证据(从微芒藻属独立)	基于SSU和ITS rDNA的系统发育研究
Hindakia Bock et al., 2010	新证据(从胶网藻属独立)	基于SSU 和ITS rDNA的系统发育研究
Heynigia Bock et al., 2010	新标本	基于SSU 和ITS rDNA的系统发育研究
Parachlorella Krieniz et al., 2004	新证据(从小球藻属独立)	基于SSU 和ITS rDNA系统发育研究二级结构研究
Mucidosphaerium Bock et al., 2011	新证据(从胶网藻属独立)	基于SSU系统发育、ITS rDNA二级结构和形态分析
Planktochlorella Skaloud, 2014	新标本	基于SSU 系统发育和ITS2二级结构研究
Xylochloris Neustupa et al., 2011	新标本	基于SSU系统发育研究
Chloroparva Somogyi et al., 2011	新标本	基于SSU系统发育研究
Chloropyrula Gaysina et al., 2013	新标本	基于SSU系统发育研究
Leptochlorella Neustupa et al., 2013	新标本	基于SSU 和rbcL序列系统发育研究
Eremochloris Fucikova et al., 2014	新标本	基于SSU 和rbcL序列系统发育研究
Xerochlorella Fucikova et al., 2014	新标本	基于SSU 和rbcL序列系统发育研究
Desmodesmus (Chodat) An et al., 1999	新证据(从栅藻属独立)	基于ITS2系统发育研究
Pectinodesmus Hegewald et al., 2010	新证据(从栅藻属独立)	基于ITS2系统发育研究
Comasiella Hegewald et al., 2010	新证据(从栅藻属独立)	基于ITS2系统发育研究
Chodatodesmus Hegewald et al., 2013	新证据(从栅藻属独立)	基于ITS2系统发育研究
Verrucodesmus Hegewald, 2013	新证据(从栅藻属独立)	基于ITS2系统发育研究
Hylodesmus Elias et al., 2009	新标本	基于SSU系统发育研究和 ITS2序列
Jenufa Nemcova et al., 2011	新标本	基于SSU系统发育研究

属名
Chloroidium Nadson, 1906 (Darienko等(2010)重新提出)	新证据(从小球藻属独立)	基于形态、生殖、生态生理和SSU、ITS系统发育研究
Parachloroidium Neustupa, 2013	新标本	基于SSU、ITS和rbcL序列的系统发育研究
Kalinella Neustupa et al., 2009	新标本	基于SSU和rbcL序列系统发育研究结合形态观察
Heterochlorella Neustupa et al., 2009	新证据(从小球藻属独立)	基于SSU系统发育研究
Heveochlorella Zhang et al., 2008	新证据(从小球藻属独立)	基于SSU和16S rDNA序列系统发育研究结合形态观察
Watanabea Hanagata et al., 1998	新标本	基于形态特征
Desertella Fucikova et al., 2014	新标本	基于SSU 和rbcL序列系统发育研究
Meyerella Fawley et al., 2005	新标本	基于SSU、ITS和rbcL序列的系统发育研究
Hegewaldia Proschold et al., 2010	新证据(从微芒藻属独立)	基于SSU和ITS rDNA的系统发育研究
Hindakia Bock et al., 2010	新证据(从胶网藻属独立)	基于SSU 和ITS rDNA的系统发育研究
Heynigia Bock et al., 2010	新标本	基于SSU 和ITS rDNA的系统发育研究
Parachlorella Krieniz et al., 2004	新证据(从小球藻属独立)	基于SSU 和ITS rDNA系统发育研究二级结构研究
Mucidosphaerium Bock et al., 2011	新证据(从胶网藻属独立)	基于SSU系统发育、ITS rDNA二级结构和形态分析
Planktochlorella Skaloud, 2014	新标本	基于SSU 系统发育和ITS2二级结构研究
Xylochloris Neustupa et al., 2011	新标本	基于SSU系统发育研究
Chloroparva Somogyi et al., 2011	新标本	基于SSU系统发育研究
Chloropyrula Gaysina et al., 2013	新标本	基于SSU系统发育研究
Leptochlorella Neustupa et al., 2013	新标本	基于SSU 和rbcL序列系统发育研究
Eremochloris Fucikova et al., 2014	新标本	基于SSU 和rbcL序列系统发育研究
Xerochlorella Fucikova et al., 2014	新标本	基于SSU 和rbcL序列系统发育研究
Desmodesmus (Chodat) An et al., 1999	新证据(从栅藻属独立)	基于ITS2系统发育研究
Pectinodesmus Hegewald et al., 2010	新证据(从栅藻属独立)	基于ITS2系统发育研究
Comasiella Hegewald et al., 2010	新证据(从栅藻属独立)	基于ITS2系统发育研究
Chodatodesmus Hegewald et al., 2013	新证据(从栅藻属独立)	基于ITS2系统发育研究
Verrucodesmus Hegewald, 2013	新证据(从栅藻属独立)	基于ITS2系统发育研究
Hylodesmus Elias et al., 2009	新标本	基于SSU系统发育研究和 ITS2序列
Jenufa Nemcova et al., 2011	新标本	基于SSU系统发育研究

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