应用结构方程模型解析影响黄连木果实产量 和种子命运的因素

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.08139

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

果实(种子)产量和质量是影响植物种群更新的重要因素。为了探明影响黄连木果实产量和种子命运的因素以及这些影响因素之间的相互作用, 作者于2009年对河南省济源市45株黄连木(Pistacia chinensis)结果样树的植株特征、果实特征、果实产量和种子命运等进行了测定, 并用结构方程模型进行综合分析。结果表明: (1)黄连木果实产量与树高、树冠面积和果序大小等特征成正相关, 但与胸径、果实大小相关性不显著; (2)与捕食者饱和假说的预测不一致, 单株果实产量对黄连木广肩小蜂(Eurytoma plotnikovi)的种子捕食率(即虫蛀率)无显著直接负向效应; (3)树高和果实大小对虫蛀率为显著直接正向效应, 胸径对虫蛀率为显著直接负向效应, 显示黄连木广肩小蜂对植株特征和果实特征有一定的选择能力; (4)空壳率与虫蛀率成显著负相关, 空壳果实越多, 越易逃避黄连木广肩小蜂的寄生, 空壳果实的存在对完好种子起到了一定保护作用, 可能是黄连木防御昆虫寄生的重要机制; (5)空壳率和虫蛀率对种子完好率有显著直接负向效应, 而胸径、果序大小和果实产量对完好率为间接正向效应, 树高和果实大小为间接负向效应。可见, 黄连木植株特征和果实特征均不同程度地影响其果实产量和昆虫寄生, 从而影响黄连木的种子质量和种群更新。

关键词: Pistacia chinensis, 植株特征, 果实特征, 果实败育, 种子捕食, 结构方程模型

Abstract

Seed production and quality are important factors influencing population regeneration in many seed plants. We used structural equation modeling to investigate how plant and fruit traits interact with each other to influence the fruit crops and seed fates of Pistacia chinensis. From May to September 2009, we sampled 45 fruiting female trees and measured plant traits (height, DBH and crown area), fruit traits (infructescence size, fruit size) and the fruit crop of each sampled tree in Jiyuan City of Henan Province, Central China. The fruit crops of P. chinensis were positively correlated with tree height, crown area and infructescence size but not significantly correlated with DBH or fruit size. The fruit crop of an individual tree had no negative direct effect on the infestation of seeds by wasps (Eurytoma plotnikovi). Such a direct effect would be predicted by the predator satiation hypothesis. Tree height and fruit size had a positive direct effect on the seed predation rate, but a significant negative correlation was found between the seed predation rate and the rate of seedlessness. Our results indicate that seedless fruits may serve as a defensive mechanism against insect seed predators. In addition, both seedless and insect-infested fruits had a negative direct effect on seed survival, and DBH, infructescence size and fruit crop had a positive indirect effect on seed survival. However, tree height and fruit size had negative indirect effects on seed survival. In conclusion, we have shown that both plant and fruit traits can strongly influence fruit crops and insect seed predation and subsequently determine the seed quality and population regeneration of P. chinensis.

Key words: Pistacia chinensis, plant traits, fruit traits, fruit abortion, pre-dispersal seed predation, structural equation modeling

郭洪岭, 李志文, 肖治术 (2014) 应用结构方程模型解析影响黄连木果实产量和种子命运的因素. 生物多样性, 22, 174-181. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.08139.

Hongling Guo,Zhiwen Li,Zhishu Xiao (2014) Factors influencing the fruit crops and seed fates of Pistacia chinensis: the results of structural equation modeling. Biodiversity Science, 22, 174-181. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.08139.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.08139

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2014/V22/I2/174

图/表 3

参考文献 39

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变量 Variables	均值±标准误 Mean ± SE	变量范围 Range
树高 Tree height (m)	7.67 ± 0.29	3.82–12.40
胸径 DBH (cm)	14.05 ± 1.06	5.60–37.70
树冠面积 Crown area (cm²)	92.83 ± 10.41	16.79–333.83
果序大小 Infructescence size	112.01 ± 4.67	55.05–214.77
果实大小 Fruit size (cm³)	0.122 ± 0.004	0.07–0.19
果实产量 Log (crop)	4.49 ± 0.11	2.25–5.59
空壳率 Seedless rate (%)	54.73 ± 3.89	11–99
虫蛀率 Insect-infested rate (%)	22.36 ± 3.29	0–85
完好率 Sound rate (%)	22.91 ± 3.13	0–73.50

变量 Variables	均值±标准误 Mean ± SE	变量范围 Range
树高 Tree height (m)	7.67 ± 0.29	3.82–12.40
胸径 DBH (cm)	14.05 ± 1.06	5.60–37.70
树冠面积 Crown area (cm²)	92.83 ± 10.41	16.79–333.83
果序大小 Infructescence size	112.01 ± 4.67	55.05–214.77
果实大小 Fruit size (cm³)	0.122 ± 0.004	0.07–0.19
果实产量 Log (crop)	4.49 ± 0.11	2.25–5.59
空壳率 Seedless rate (%)	54.73 ± 3.89	11–99
虫蛀率 Insect-infested rate (%)	22.36 ± 3.29	0–85
完好率 Sound rate (%)	22.91 ± 3.13	0–73.50

变量 Variables	果实产量 Log(crop)				空壳率 Seedless rate (%)
变量 Variables	直接影响 Direct effect	间接影响 Indirect effect	总影响 Total effect		直接影响 Direct effect		间接影响 Indirect effect		总影响 Total effect		直接影响 Direct effect		间接影响 Indirect effect		总影响 Total effect		直接影响 Direct effect		间接影响 Indirect effect		总影响 Total effect
树高 Tree height	–	–	–	–		–		–		0.394*		–		0.394		–		–0.377		–0.377
胸径 DBH	0.244	–	0.244	–0.278*		–		–0.278		–0.388*		0.123		–0.265		–		0.497		0.497
树冠面积 Crown area	–	–	–	–		–		–		–		–		–		–		–		–
果序大小 Infructescence size	0.465^**	–	0.465	–0.469^**		–		–0.469		–		0.197		0.197		–		0.222		0.222
果实大小 Fruit size	0.181	–	0.181	–		–		–		0.437^**		–0.034		0.403		–0.111		–0.386		–0.497
果实产量 Log(crop)	–	–	–	–		–		–		–0.184		–		–0.184		–		0.177		0.177
空壳率 Seedless rate (%)	–	–	–	–		–		–		–0.603^**		–		–0.603		–0.874^**		0.577		–0.297
虫蛀率 Insect-infested rate (%)	–	–	–	–		–		–		–		–		–		–0.957^**		–		–0.957
决定系数 Coefficient of determination (R²)	0.309			0.297						0.577						0.822

变量 Variables	果实产量 Log(crop)				空壳率 Seedless rate (%)
变量 Variables	直接影响 Direct effect	间接影响 Indirect effect	总影响 Total effect		直接影响 Direct effect		间接影响 Indirect effect		总影响 Total effect		直接影响 Direct effect		间接影响 Indirect effect		总影响 Total effect		直接影响 Direct effect		间接影响 Indirect effect		总影响 Total effect
树高 Tree height	–	–	–	–		–		–		0.394*		–		0.394		–		–0.377		–0.377
胸径 DBH	0.244	–	0.244	–0.278*		–		–0.278		–0.388*		0.123		–0.265		–		0.497		0.497
树冠面积 Crown area	–	–	–	–		–		–		–		–		–		–		–		–
果序大小 Infructescence size	0.465^**	–	0.465	–0.469^**		–		–0.469		–		0.197		0.197		–		0.222		0.222
果实大小 Fruit size	0.181	–	0.181	–		–		–		0.437^**		–0.034		0.403		–0.111		–0.386		–0.497
果实产量 Log(crop)	–	–	–	–		–		–		–0.184		–		–0.184		–		0.177		0.177
空壳率 Seedless rate (%)	–	–	–	–		–		–		–0.603^**		–		–0.603		–0.874^**		0.577		–0.297
虫蛀率 Insect-infested rate (%)	–	–	–	–		–		–		–		–		–		–0.957^**		–		–0.957
决定系数 Coefficient of determination (R²)	0.309			0.297						0.577						0.822