中国多孔菌多样性初探: 物种、区系和生态功能

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.08074

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

多孔菌是指子实层体呈孔状且质地为革质至木质的一类大型担子菌, 主要生长在各类木材上。我国地域辽阔, 气候带和地形多样, 森林类型和植被组成丰富, 为多孔菌提供了丰富的栖息地。长期的野外资源调查和标本采集, 特别是近年来分子生物学技术的发展, 极大地丰富了对我国多孔菌种类的认识。我国是世界上多孔菌物种多样性最丰富的国家, 现在已知有多孔菌704种, 隶属于11目22科134属, 包括世界广布成分、北温带成分和热带-亚热带成分。多孔菌中的白腐菌是潜在的工业用菌, 褐腐菌在森林的更新过程中起重要作用。

关键词: 木材腐朽菌, 物种多样性, 真菌区系, 生态学

Abstract

Polypores are the group of macro-basidiomycetes with poroid hymenophore and corky basidiocarps that mainly grow on wood. China contains multiple climatic zones and geographic topographies, and thus possesses a variety of forest and vegetation types that provide rich habitats for polypores. Based on extensive collections conducted over a long period of time, a considerable knowledge of Chinese polypore species has been obtained, and this has been enriched further in recent years by using molecular technology. China possesses the highest polypore diversity in the world and 704 polypore species, belonging to 134 genera, 22 families and 11 orders, have been recorded within its borders. These 704 species are composed of cosmopolitan, boreal/temperate and tropical-subtropical elements. White-rot polypores are considered as potential industrial resources, while brown-rot polypores play an essential role in forest renewal.

Key words: Wood-decaying fungi, species diversity, mycota, ecology

周丽伟, 戴玉成 (2013) 中国多孔菌多样性初探: 物种、区系和生态功能. 生物多样性, 21, 499-506. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.08074.

Liwei Zhou,Yucheng Dai (2013) Chinese polypore diversities: species, mycota and ecological functions. Biodiversity Science, 21, 499-506. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.08074.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.08074

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2013/V21/I4/499

图/表 3

图1 不同目的多孔菌。(A)木耳目的叶榆孔菌; (B)褐褶菌目的深褐褶菌; (C)锈革孔菌目的肉桂集毛孔菌; (D)多孔菌目的血红密孔菌; (E)红菇目的无壳异担子菌; (F)糙孢孔目的袋囊糙孢孔菌。

Fig. 1 Polypores in multiple orders. (A) Elmerina foliacea in the Auriculariles; (B) Gloeophyllum sepiarium in the Gloeophyllales; (C) Coltricia cinnamomea in the Hymenochaetales; (D) Pycnoporus sanguineus in the Polyporales; (E) Heterobasidion ecrustosum in the Russulales; (F) Trechispora hymenocystis in the Trechisporales.

图2 不同营养方式的多孔菌。(A)腐生于腐朽木上的黄白变孔菌; (B)腐生于倒木上的东方栓孔菌; (C)寄生于活树上的红贝俄氏孔菌; (D)形成外生菌根的绵地花孔菌。

Fig. 2 Polypores of different trophic types. (A) Anomoporia albolutescens saprotrophic on rotten wood; (B) Trametes orientalis saprophytic on fallen wood; (C) Earliella scabrosa parasitic on living tree; (D) Albatrellus ovinus forming ectomycorrhizae with trees.

图3 白腐菌、褐腐菌及其引起的木材腐朽。(A)木蹄层孔菌及其引起的白色腐朽; (B)盖波斯特孔菌及其引起的褐色腐朽。

Fig. 3 White-rot and brown-rot polypores and their causing rot in wood. (A) Fomes fomentarius causing a white rot; (B) Postia pileata causing a brown rot.

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