道路噪音和光污染对翼手目动物行为的影响

doi:10.17520/biods.2024503

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

翼手目动物作为哺乳纲中唯一具备真正飞行能力的类群, 因其独特的生物学特征, 如回声定位、复杂的生态位适应性以及多样化的食性, 吸引了众多研究者的关注。近年来, 翼手目动物的种群密度急剧下降, 这对生态系统的稳定性构成潜在威胁, 使其成为保护生物学研究的热点类群。道路作为现代社会经济发展的关键纽带, 其建设和使用对动植物种群产生了深远影响, 成为保护生物学领域的研究热点。本研究聚焦于翼手目动物, 通过系统检索国内外相关文献, 筛选出108篇论文。通过对这些文献的深入分析, 系统归纳了道路建设和使用过程中产生的道路噪音和光污染对翼手目动物的影响。整理发现, 道路噪音和光污染对蝙蝠的声学结构和觅食行为产生了普遍且多样的影响, 且这种影响具有明显的物种特异性。基于上述梳理结果, 本研究提出了一系列有针对性的应对策略。首先, 建议建立和完善道路评估与监管体系, 将生态影响评估纳入道路规划和建设的全过程, 确保在经济发展的同时兼顾生态保护。其次, 增加噪音屏蔽设施, 以降低道路噪音对蝙蝠的影响。最后, 优化道路路灯设计, 减少光污染对蝙蝠的干扰。这些策略旨在减轻道路对翼手目动物的负面影响, 改善其生存环境, 从而为保护这一独特且重要的类群提供科学依据和实践指导。

关键词: 回声定位, 道路生态学, 道路噪音, 道路光污染

Abstract

Background & Aim: Chiroptera, the only mammalian order capable of true powered flight, has attracted significant attention from researchers due to its unique biological characteristics, such as echolocation, complex niche adaptability, and diverse dietary habits. In recent years, the precipitous decline in bat populations has posed a potential threat to ecosystem stability, making Chiroptera a key focus in conservation biology. As a crucial component of modern socio-economic development, road infrastructure exerts profound impact on plant and animal populations, becoming a major research hotspot in conservation biology. This study focuses on bats, systematically reviewing relevant research and proposing strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of roads on bat populations while improving their habitat quality.

Review Results: This study focuses on Chiroptera, conducting a systematic review of 108 representative studies from both domestic and international sources. Through in-depth analysis, we systematically summarized the effects of road noise and road light pollution on bats during road construction and use. The results indicate that road noise and light pollution universally and diversely affect the acoustic structure and foraging behavior of bats, with species-specific responses. Based on these findings, we propose a series of targeted strategies. First, we recommend establishing and enhancing road assessment and regulatory systems, integrating ecological impact assessments into the entire process of road planning and construction to ensure that economic development aligns with ecological conservation. Second, we suggest increasing noise-blocking facilities, implementing sound barriers and green belt, and other noise-mitigation measures to minimize road noise on bat habitats. Additionally, optimizing road lighting design by using low-intensity, low-frequency flickering lights to reduce light pollution and its disruptive effects on bats.

Perspective: These strategies aim to mitigate the negative impacts of roads on Chiroptera, improve their living conditions, and provide scientific and practical guidance for the conservation of this unique and ecologically important mammalian group.

Key words: echolocation, road ecology, road noise, road light pollution

张梦, 周友兵, 邹大虎 (2025) 道路噪音和光污染对翼手目动物行为的影响. 生物多样性, 33, 24503. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024503.

Meng Zhang, Youbing Zhou, Dahu Zou (2025) The impact of road noise and light pollution on the behavior of Chiroptera. Biodiversity Science, 33, 24503. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024503.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024503

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2025/V33/I7/24503

图/表 3

图1 道路噪音与光污染对蝙蝠影响的研究论文发表时间统计

Fig. 1 Annual distribution of published literature on the effects of road noise and light pollution on bats

图2 道路噪音与光污染对蝙蝠影响的研究论文数量统计

Fig. 2 Number of published literature on the effects of road noise and light pollution on bats

图3 道路噪音对蝙蝠声学结构影响的研究论文数量统计

Fig. 3 Number of published literature on the effects of road noise on acoustic structure of bats

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