生物多样性 ›› 2010, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (6): 631-637.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.2010.631

所属专题: 外来物种入侵:机制、影响与防控

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

外来种互花米草和土著种芦苇空中凋落物氮动态的比较研究

廖成章1,2,*(), 唐小平1, 程小玲1, 李博2, 骆亦其2   

  1. 1 国家林业局调查规划设计院, 北京 100714
    2 复旦大学生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室、长江河口湿地生态系统野外科学观测研究站, 上海 200433
  • 收稿日期:2010-03-07 接受日期:2010-06-22 出版日期:2010-11-20 发布日期:2011-01-31
  • 通讯作者: 廖成章
  • 作者简介:*E-mail: 031023079@fudan.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家基础研究发展计划(2006CB403305);国家自然科学基金(30930019);“十一五” 国家科技支撑计划重点项目(2006BAD23B0302);国家林业局948项目“湖滨湿地生态恢复关键技术引进”(2008-4-39)

Nitrogen dynamics of aerial litter of exotic Spartina alterniflora and native Phragmites australis

Chengzhang Liao1,2,*(), Xiaoping Tang1, Xiaoling Cheng1, Bo Li2, Yiqi Luo2   

  1. 1 Academy of Forest Inventory and Planning, State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100714
    2 Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433
  • Received:2010-03-07 Accepted:2010-06-22 Online:2010-11-20 Published:2011-01-31
  • Contact: Chengzhang Liao

摘要:

土壤氮含量是限制植物生长的重要因素, 所以入侵植物要入侵成功必须突破土壤氮限制的瓶颈。近年来, 外来种互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)在中国海岸带盐沼中快速取代土著种芦苇(Phragmites australis), 引起了多方面的生态学后果。为了解互花米草与本地种芦苇空中凋落物的氮含量是否存在差异及产生这种差异的机制, 2003年11月至2004年4月, 作者在长江口九段沙湿地对互花米草与芦苇空中凋落物氮含量(单位面积凋落物的总氮量, N g/m2)进行了测定, 结果表明互花米草的氮含量比芦苇高。在空中分解过程中, 互花米草茎(包括叶鞘与秆)凋落物的氮含量显著上升, 但芦苇茎凋落物的氮含量显著降低。2006年1月, 又对中国海岸带6个地点的盐沼中互花米草的凋落物进行取样和氮浓度测定, 发现互花米草空中叶鞘与秆的老凋落物(2004年冬季产生)的氮浓度均显著高于其新产生的凋落物(2005年冬季产生), 表明在空中分解过程中, 互花米草叶鞘与秆凋落物氮含量增加具有普遍性。进一步的温室受控实验结果表明, 互花米草凋落物氮含量增加可能是由腐生固氮微生物引起的。以上结果表明,互花米草取代芦苇后, 改变了空中凋落物的氮动态, 增加了生态系统中氮的输入, 可能有利于互花米草的快速扩张。

关键词: 氮动态, Spartina alterniflora, 空中凋落物, Phragmites australis, 植物入侵

Abstract

Plant invasion is a significant element of global change. Recently, exotic Spartina alterniflora have rapidly displaced native Phragmites australis on China’s East Coast. In the Yangtze Estuary’s Jiuduansha wetlands, nitrogen content in aerial standing litter for both Spartina and Phragmites was measured from November 2003 to April 2004. Spartina had larger nitrogen content (N g/m2) in aerial litter than Phragmites. Nitrogen content in aerial litter of Spartina sheathes and stems increased during our study period; this trend was not observed for Phragmites. In January 2006, new (produced in winter of 2005) and old (produced in winter of 2004) Spartina aerial sheath and stem litter was collected from six sites on China’s East Coast. Aerial litter of old sheathes and stems had higher nitrogen concentrations than new sheathes and stems, suggesting that the increase of nitrogen content in Spartina sheath and stem aerial litter was consistent across sites. Further greenhouse experiments showed that the increase of nitrogen content in Spartina aerial litter was associated with microbial epiphytic nitrogen fixation. Our results suggest that Spartina invasion alters aerial litter nitrogen dynamics, which might increase nitrogen input into invaded ecosystems and facilitate rapid expansion of Spartina into additional habitats.

Key words: nitrogen dynamics, Spartina alterniflora, aerial litter, Phragmites australis, plant invasion