FAO和CITES公约对水生物种保护管理的异同

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.100

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

FAO和CITES均注重生物多样性保护, CITES通过限制贸易的方式保护生物多样性, FAO则更注重通过科学的渔业管理保障渔业产业的可持续发展。两个组织在水生物种保护管理问题上的管理理念和管理手段各有侧重、互为补充。近年来, FAO和CITES就CITES水生物种管理问题展开了合作, 但合作存在着责任定位交叉、所依据的技术标准不尽统一、CITES部分管理条款在应用上存在较大争议等问题。本文比较分析了FAO和CITES在重要水生物种管理问题上存在着的共性和差异, 旨在为国内水生生物保护管理、政府履约及中国在国际经济活动中维护合法权益提供技术参考和依据。

关键词: 公约, 渔业, 水生生物, 保护, 管理

Abstract

The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) are both involved in the protection of biodiversity. CITES is a mechanism which limits international trade in wildlife, while the FAO is more concerned with scientific management of the agricultural and fishery industries in order to promote their sustainable development. Consequently, these two organizations employ different goals and methodologies in their management of aquatic species, and their work is complementary. Over the past few years, the FAO has begun to cooperate with CITES on issues of aquatic species management. However, to date the organizations have not precisely defined their respective responsibilities, their technological standards are not coordinated, and the FAO has not assented to certain provisions in CITES on species management. This article compares FAO and CITES management of several important aquatic species, and offers several recommendations directed at improving Chinese conservation management of aquatic species and conformance to respective FAO and CITES management regimes, while preserving Chinese legal rights and interests.

Key words: convention, fishery, aquatic species, conservation, management

周宇晶, 樊恩源, 刘宝祥, 冯庚菲, 黄瑛 (2010) FAO和CITES公约对水生物种保护管理的异同. 生物多样性, 18, 100-107. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.100.

Yujing Zhou, Enyuan Fan, Baoxiang Liu, Gengfei Feng, Ying Huang (2010) A comparison of FAO and CITES aquatic species management regimes. Biodiversity Science, 18, 100-107. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.100.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.100

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2010/V18/I1/100

图/表 2

参考文献 11

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缔约国 Member countries	捕捞量 Capture production (t)*	建议列入CITES附录的提案 Proposals to include new aquatic species CITES Appendices
缔约国 Member countries	捕捞量 Capture production (t)*	鼠鲨(附录II) Lamna nasus (Appendix II)	白斑角鲨(附录II) Squalus acanthias (Appendix II)	锯鳐科(附录I) Pristidae (Appendix I)	欧洲鳗鲡(附录II) Anguilla anguilla (Appendix II)	巴厘岛天使鱼(附录II) Pterapogon kauderni (Appendix II)	波纹唇鱼(附录II) Cheilinus undulatus (Appendix II)
秘鲁 Peru	7,017,491	0	0	0	0	–	–
美国 USA	4,859,872	1	1	1	1	1	1
印度尼西亚 Indonesia	4,759,080	2	2	1	2	2	1
日本 Japan	4,186,980	2	2	1	1	2
智利 Chile	4,168,461	1	1	2	0	–	–
印度 India	3,855,467	1	1	1	1	–	–
俄罗斯 Russian	3,284,126	1	1	1	3	–	–
泰国 Thailand	2,776,295	2	2	2	1	2	–
菲律宾 Philippines	2,318,984	1	1	1	1	–	–
挪威 Norway	2,255,513	2	2	2	1	–	1
缅甸 Myanmar	2,006,790	0	0	0	0	–	–
越南 Viet Nam	1,959,900	2	2	2	1	–	–
韩国 Korea	1,749,929	0	0	2	2	–	–
孟加拉 Bangladesh	1,436,496	0	0	0	0	–	–
冰岛 Iceland	1,327,063	2	2	1	2	–	1
墨西哥 Mexico	1,300,000	1	1	2	1	–	–
马来西亚 Malaysia	1,296,335	2	2	3	1	–	–
阿根廷 Argentina	1,182,185	2	2	2	1	2
加拿大 Canada	1,063,033	2	2	2	1	–	–
FAO的建议 FAO’s suggestion		2	2	1	1	2	1
投票结果 Voting results		2	2	1	1	2	1

缔约国 Member countries	捕捞量 Capture production (t)*	建议列入CITES附录的提案 Proposals to include new aquatic species CITES Appendices
缔约国 Member countries	捕捞量 Capture production (t)*	鼠鲨(附录II) Lamna nasus (Appendix II)	白斑角鲨(附录II) Squalus acanthias (Appendix II)	锯鳐科(附录I) Pristidae (Appendix I)	欧洲鳗鲡(附录II) Anguilla anguilla (Appendix II)	巴厘岛天使鱼(附录II) Pterapogon kauderni (Appendix II)	波纹唇鱼(附录II) Cheilinus undulatus (Appendix II)
秘鲁 Peru	7,017,491	0	0	0	0	–	–
美国 USA	4,859,872	1	1	1	1	1	1
印度尼西亚 Indonesia	4,759,080	2	2	1	2	2	1
日本 Japan	4,186,980	2	2	1	1	2
智利 Chile	4,168,461	1	1	2	0	–	–
印度 India	3,855,467	1	1	1	1	–	–
俄罗斯 Russian	3,284,126	1	1	1	3	–	–
泰国 Thailand	2,776,295	2	2	2	1	2	–
菲律宾 Philippines	2,318,984	1	1	1	1	–	–
挪威 Norway	2,255,513	2	2	2	1	–	1
缅甸 Myanmar	2,006,790	0	0	0	0	–	–
越南 Viet Nam	1,959,900	2	2	2	1	–	–
韩国 Korea	1,749,929	0	0	2	2	–	–
孟加拉 Bangladesh	1,436,496	0	0	0	0	–	–
冰岛 Iceland	1,327,063	2	2	1	2	–	1
墨西哥 Mexico	1,300,000	1	1	2	1	–	–
马来西亚 Malaysia	1,296,335	2	2	3	1	–	–
阿根廷 Argentina	1,182,185	2	2	2	1	2
加拿大 Canada	1,063,033	2	2	2	1	–	–
FAO的建议 FAO’s suggestion		2	2	1	1	2	1
投票结果 Voting results		2	2	1	1	2	1

排名 Rank	进口国 Importers	出口国 Exporters
1	日本 Japan	中国 China
2	美国 USA	挪威 Norway
3	西班牙 Spain	泰国 Thailand
4	法国 France	美国 USA
5	意大利 Italy	丹麦 Denmark
6	中国 China	加拿大 Canada
7	德国 Germany	智利 Chile
8	英国 UK	越南 Viet Nam
9	丹麦 Denmark	西班牙 Spain
10	韩国 Korea	荷兰 Netherlands

排名 Rank	进口国 Importers	出口国 Exporters
1	日本 Japan	中国 China
2	美国 USA	挪威 Norway
3	西班牙 Spain	泰国 Thailand
4	法国 France	美国 USA
5	意大利 Italy	丹麦 Denmark
6	中国 China	加拿大 Canada
7	德国 Germany	智利 Chile
8	英国 UK	越南 Viet Nam
9	丹麦 Denmark	西班牙 Spain
10	韩国 Korea	荷兰 Netherlands

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