《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》中有关水生生物物种的提案和对策研究

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.08064

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

气候变化、生物多样性及生物资源等方面的热点研究越来越多地涉及到水生生物, 《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》(CITES)也日益关注水生野生动物的贸易管理问题。自CITES第九届缔约国大会以来, CITES附录物种的讨论中越来越多地出现水生生物种类, 有关的管理机制正在不断完善之中。中国是水生生物的利用大国, CITES对水生生物贸易的管理将会对我国产生深远影响。本文对CITES中水生生物的管理情况进行了回顾, 同时结合公约第十四届缔约国大会的最新信息, 分析了目前的热点问题, 探讨了其对我国水生生物管理的影响。分析结果表明, CITES对水生生物的管理正在不断扩展, 力度不断增强, CITES正趋于参与商业开发水生物种的管理。有鉴于此, 建议加强水生生物资源利用及管理方面的基础性研究, 为资源保护、可持续利用及国家制订公约履约策略提供依据。

结果 Result

关键词: CITES, 野生水生生物, 商业开发水生物种, 野生动物贸易, 野生动物保护

Abstract

Environmental research, including the study of climate change, biodiversity, and biological resources are paying increasing attention to aquatic organisms. Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) is therefore increasingly emphasizing the management of aquatic species. Since the 9th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to CITES, aquatic species have occupied an important position in the discussion of species listing, and relevant trade management system has been completed and improved. As a party of CITES and a major consumer of aquatic species, China has been greatly influenced by these actions. By reviewing recent progress of CITES related to aquatic species in light of discussions from 14th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to CITES, we summarize the hot topics in aquatic species management, and discuss the trends in their development as well as their impact on Chinese fisheries. We find that the aquatic management scope of CITES is expanding, and that management measures are continuously improving. If CITES continues to include more commercially-exploited aquatic species under its protection, this trend will strongly affect Chinese fisheries management. We conclude that intensive research on usage and management of aquatic biotic resources should be encouraged in order to provide data for conservation, sustainable management, and CITES negotiations.

Key words: CITES, aquatic wildlife, commercially exploited aquatic species, wildlife trade, wildlife conservation

樊祥国, 周宇晶, 刘宝祥, 冯庚菲, 樊恩源 (2008) 《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》中有关水生生物物种的提案和对策研究. 生物多样性, 16, 516-524. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.08064.

Xiangguo Fan, Yujing Zhou, Baoxiang Liu, Gengfei Feng, Enyuan Fan (2008) Analysis and countermeasure on proposals for aquatic species in CITES. Biodiversity Science, 16, 516-524. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.08064.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.08064

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2008/V16/I5/516

图/表 2

参考文献 36

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会议名称 Meetings	时间 Schedule	涉及水生生物的附录修订信息 Amendments to Appendices Ⅰand Ⅱ of the CITES related to aquatic species
第八届 CoP 8	1992	(1) 尼罗鳄降为附录II; (2) 牟氏水龟、尖吻鳄和短吻鳄升为附录I (1) Transfer of Crocodylus niloticus from Appendix I to Appendix II; (2) Transfer ofClemmys muhlenbergi, C. cataphractus and Osteolaemus tetraspis from Appendix II to Appendix I
第九届 CoP 9	1994	(1) 美丽硬仆骨舌鱼升为附录I; (2) 金蟾蜍列为附录I; (3) 箱龟属、缘板鳖、金色曼蛙、河马列为附录II (1) Transfer ofScleropages formosus from Appendix II to Appendix I; (2) Inclusion of Bufo periglenes in Appendix I; (3) Inclusion of Terrapenespp., Lissemys punctata,Mantella aurantiaca, Hippopotamus amphibious in Appendix II
第十届 CoP 10	1997	(1) 南美短吻鼍降为附录 II; (2) 咸水龟以及鲟形目列为附录II (1) Transfer of Caiman latirostrisfrom Appendix I to Appendix II; (2) Inclusion ofCallagur borneoensis and Acipenseriformes spp. in Appendix II
第十一届 CoP 11	2000	(1) 儒艮升为附录I; (2) 矛尾鱼属列为附录I; (3) 闭壳龟和曼蛙属列为附录 II (1) Transfer of Dugong dugon from Appendix II to Appendix I; (2) Inclusion of Latimeriaspp. in Appendix I; (3) Inclusion of Cuoraspp. and Mantellaspp. in Appendix II
第十二届 CoP 12	2002	平胸龟、安南龟、扁东方龟、亚洲巨龟、雷岛东方龟、东方多棘龟、庙龟、棱背龟属、苏拉威西地龟、黄喉拟水龟、巨龟、锯缘摄龟、粗颈龟、小头鳖属、鼋属、戈氏拨土蛙、鲸鲨、姥鲨, 以及海马属列为附录II Inclusion ofAnnamemys annamensis, Heosemys depress, H. grandis, H. leytensis, H. spinosa, H. annandalii, Kachugaspp., Leucocephalon yuwonoi, Mauremys mutica, Orlitia borneensis, Pyxidea mouhotii, Siebenrockiella crassicollis, Chitraspp., Pelochelysspp., Scaphiophryne gottlebei, Rhincodon typus, Cetorhinus maximus, and Hippocampusspp. in Appendix II
第十三届 CoP 13	2004	(1) 伊洛瓦底江豚升为附录I; (2) 马来龟、果龟、亚洲鳖、两爪鳖、麦氏长颈龟、噬人鲨、波纹唇鱼, 以及普通石蛏列为附录 II (1) Transfer of Orcaella brevirostris from Appendix II to Appendix I; (2) Inclusion ofMalayemys subtrijuga, Notochelys platynota, Amyda cartilaginea, Carettochelys insculpta, Chelodina mccordi, Carcharodon carcharias, Cheilinus undulates, and Lithophaga lithophaga in Appendix II
第十四届 CoP 14	2007	(1) 锯鳐科(除小齿锯鳐)列为附录I; (2) 小齿锯鳐和欧洲鳗鲡列为附录 II (1) Inclusion of Pristidae spp. (Except Pristis microdon) in Appendix I; (2) Inclusion ofPristis microdon and Anguilla anguillain Appendix II

会议名称 Meetings	时间 Schedule	涉及水生生物的附录修订信息 Amendments to Appendices Ⅰand Ⅱ of the CITES related to aquatic species
第八届 CoP 8	1992	(1) 尼罗鳄降为附录II; (2) 牟氏水龟、尖吻鳄和短吻鳄升为附录I (1) Transfer of Crocodylus niloticus from Appendix I to Appendix II; (2) Transfer ofClemmys muhlenbergi, C. cataphractus and Osteolaemus tetraspis from Appendix II to Appendix I
第九届 CoP 9	1994	(1) 美丽硬仆骨舌鱼升为附录I; (2) 金蟾蜍列为附录I; (3) 箱龟属、缘板鳖、金色曼蛙、河马列为附录II (1) Transfer ofScleropages formosus from Appendix II to Appendix I; (2) Inclusion of Bufo periglenes in Appendix I; (3) Inclusion of Terrapenespp., Lissemys punctata,Mantella aurantiaca, Hippopotamus amphibious in Appendix II
第十届 CoP 10	1997	(1) 南美短吻鼍降为附录 II; (2) 咸水龟以及鲟形目列为附录II (1) Transfer of Caiman latirostrisfrom Appendix I to Appendix II; (2) Inclusion ofCallagur borneoensis and Acipenseriformes spp. in Appendix II
第十一届 CoP 11	2000	(1) 儒艮升为附录I; (2) 矛尾鱼属列为附录I; (3) 闭壳龟和曼蛙属列为附录 II (1) Transfer of Dugong dugon from Appendix II to Appendix I; (2) Inclusion of Latimeriaspp. in Appendix I; (3) Inclusion of Cuoraspp. and Mantellaspp. in Appendix II
第十二届 CoP 12	2002	平胸龟、安南龟、扁东方龟、亚洲巨龟、雷岛东方龟、东方多棘龟、庙龟、棱背龟属、苏拉威西地龟、黄喉拟水龟、巨龟、锯缘摄龟、粗颈龟、小头鳖属、鼋属、戈氏拨土蛙、鲸鲨、姥鲨, 以及海马属列为附录II Inclusion ofAnnamemys annamensis, Heosemys depress, H. grandis, H. leytensis, H. spinosa, H. annandalii, Kachugaspp., Leucocephalon yuwonoi, Mauremys mutica, Orlitia borneensis, Pyxidea mouhotii, Siebenrockiella crassicollis, Chitraspp., Pelochelysspp., Scaphiophryne gottlebei, Rhincodon typus, Cetorhinus maximus, and Hippocampusspp. in Appendix II
第十三届 CoP 13	2004	(1) 伊洛瓦底江豚升为附录I; (2) 马来龟、果龟、亚洲鳖、两爪鳖、麦氏长颈龟、噬人鲨、波纹唇鱼, 以及普通石蛏列为附录 II (1) Transfer of Orcaella brevirostris from Appendix II to Appendix I; (2) Inclusion ofMalayemys subtrijuga, Notochelys platynota, Amyda cartilaginea, Carettochelys insculpta, Chelodina mccordi, Carcharodon carcharias, Cheilinus undulates, and Lithophaga lithophaga in Appendix II
第十四届 CoP 14	2007	(1) 锯鳐科(除小齿锯鳐)列为附录I; (2) 小齿锯鳐和欧洲鳗鲡列为附录 II (1) Inclusion of Pristidae spp. (Except Pristis microdon) in Appendix I; (2) Inclusion ofPristis microdon and Anguilla anguillain Appendix II

提案国 Proponent	提议物种 Proposed species	提案建议内容 Proposal	结果 Result	文件号 Document number
欧盟 EU	欧洲鳗鲡 Anguilla anguilla	列入附录Ⅱ Included in Appendix II	通过 Adopted	CoP14 Prop.18
肯尼亚和美国 Kenya and the United States of America	锯鳐科 Pristidae	列入附录Ⅰ Included in Appendix Ⅰ	除小齿锯鳐列入附录Ⅱ, 锯鳐科其他物种全部列入附录Ⅰ。 Sawfish family Pristidae was included in Appendix Ⅰ, except Pristis microdon in Appendix II.	CoP 14 Prop.26 and 29
欧盟 EU	鼠鲨 Lamma nasus	列入附录Ⅱ Included in Appendix II	拉丁美洲和加勒比国家集团、冰岛、加拿大、卡塔尔和挪威反对, 未通过 Rejected, opposed by GRULAC, Ice Island, Canada, Qatar and Norway	CoP 14 Prop.15
欧盟 EU	白斑角鲨 Squalus acanthias	列入附录Ⅱ Included in Appendix II	中国、挪威、加拿大、新西兰反对, 未通过 Rejected, opposed by China, Norway, Canada and New Zealand	CoP 14 Prop.15
美国 USA	红珊瑚属 Corallium	列入附录Ⅱ Included in Appendix II	日本和珊瑚协会(ASSOCORAL)等反对, 未通过 Rejected, opposed by Japan, ASSOCORAL and so on	CoP 14 Prop.21
巴西 Brazil	美洲龙虾(巴西种群) Panulirus argus	列入附录Ⅱ Included in Appendix II	撤回 Withdrawn	CoP 14 Prop.20
美国 USA	巴厘岛天使鱼 Pterapogon kauderni	列入附录Ⅱ Included in Appendix II	撤回 Withdrawn	CoP14 Prop.19
巴西 Brazil	凯门鳄(巴西种群) Melanosuchus niger(Population of Brazil)	由附录Ⅰ降到Ⅱ Transferred from Appendix I to Appendix II	通过 Adopted	CoP14 Prop.13

提案国 Proponent	提议物种 Proposed species	提案建议内容 Proposal	结果 Result	文件号 Document number
欧盟 EU	欧洲鳗鲡 Anguilla anguilla	列入附录Ⅱ Included in Appendix II	通过 Adopted	CoP14 Prop.18
肯尼亚和美国 Kenya and the United States of America	锯鳐科 Pristidae	列入附录Ⅰ Included in Appendix Ⅰ	除小齿锯鳐列入附录Ⅱ, 锯鳐科其他物种全部列入附录Ⅰ。 Sawfish family Pristidae was included in Appendix Ⅰ, except Pristis microdon in Appendix II.	CoP 14 Prop.26 and 29
欧盟 EU	鼠鲨 Lamma nasus	列入附录Ⅱ Included in Appendix II	拉丁美洲和加勒比国家集团、冰岛、加拿大、卡塔尔和挪威反对, 未通过 Rejected, opposed by GRULAC, Ice Island, Canada, Qatar and Norway	CoP 14 Prop.15
欧盟 EU	白斑角鲨 Squalus acanthias	列入附录Ⅱ Included in Appendix II	中国、挪威、加拿大、新西兰反对, 未通过 Rejected, opposed by China, Norway, Canada and New Zealand	CoP 14 Prop.15
美国 USA	红珊瑚属 Corallium	列入附录Ⅱ Included in Appendix II	日本和珊瑚协会(ASSOCORAL)等反对, 未通过 Rejected, opposed by Japan, ASSOCORAL and so on	CoP 14 Prop.21
巴西 Brazil	美洲龙虾(巴西种群) Panulirus argus	列入附录Ⅱ Included in Appendix II	撤回 Withdrawn	CoP 14 Prop.20
美国 USA	巴厘岛天使鱼 Pterapogon kauderni	列入附录Ⅱ Included in Appendix II	撤回 Withdrawn	CoP14 Prop.19
巴西 Brazil	凯门鳄(巴西种群) Melanosuchus niger(Population of Brazil)	由附录Ⅰ降到Ⅱ Transferred from Appendix I to Appendix II	通过 Adopted	CoP14 Prop.13